The cytochrome P450 (CYP) 3A subfamily is estimated to participate in the biotransformation of 50% of the currently prescribed drugs. Four members of the CYP3A subfamily have been identified in humans: CYP3A4, CYP3A5, CYP3A7, and CYP3A43. Initial data suggested that CYP3A5 accounts for only a small proportion of the total hepatic CYP3A in about 20% of samples, but it was later revealed that CYP3A5 represents more than 50% of the total CYP3A amount in some individuals. Several genetic variants have been described for the CYP3A5 gene, of which the CYP3A5*3 allele (gA6986G), the most common form and leading to the loss of CYP3A5 activity, has been extensively investigated in the aspect of pharmacokinetics and disease risk. This review summarized the molecular characteristics of the CYP3A5 gene, and discusses the association of the CYP3A5*3 polymorphism with disease risks such as cancer and hypertension, along with its role in the pharmacokinetics of CYP3A substrates.
Alleles ; Biotransformation ; Cytochrome P-450 CYP3A ; Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System ; Humans ; Hypertension ; Pharmacogenetics ; Pharmacokinetics

PURPOSE: We carried out this study to determine if there is any difference in the occurrence rate of the epileptiform discharge between awake EEG and sleep EEG and if there are any factors influencing on the occurrence rate of EEG. METHODS: This study included 178 epileptic children who had visited neurology clinic of the department of pediatrics, Pusan National University Hospital from July 2005 to July 2006. The medical and EEG records of these children who had had both awake EEG and sleep EEG were reviewed. We analysed the occurrence rate of the epileptiform discharge between awake EEG and sleep EEG. We investigated the related clinical factors which included sex, seizure types, underlying causes, age at first seizure, antiepileptic drug (AED) medication, age at recording, and background activity. RESULTS: Among 178 epileptic children, 91 patients (51.1%) showed epileptiform discharge in awake or sleep states, 10 patients (11.0%) abnormal only in awake, 40 patients (44.0%) abnormal only in sleep, 41 patients (45.0%) abnormal in both awake EEG and sleep EEG. The occurrence rate of sleep EEG was 81 of 178 patients (45.5%) which was more than that of the awake EEG (28.7%) (P<0.001). The occurrence rate of sleep EEG is more than that of the awake EEG regardless of sex and underlying causes. But there is no significant difference from awake EEG and sleep EEG in finding the epileptiform discharge in the patient with generalized seizure, younger than 5 years old at first seizure, younger than 10 years old at recording, no antiepileptic medication, and abnormal background activity. CONCLUSION: The sleep EEG is thought to be more helpful in the diagnosis of childhood epilepsy.
Child ; Electroencephalography ; Epilepsy ; Humans ; Neurology ; Pediatrics ; Seizures

No abstract available.
Bacteroides fragilis* ; Bacteroides* ; Enterotoxins* ; Epithelial Cells* ; Gene Expression* ; Humans* ; Intestinal Mucosa*

No abstract available.
Castration ; Granuloma ; Granuloma, Foreign-Body

No Abstract Available.
Bacteroides fragilis* ; Bacteroides* ; Chemokines, CXC* ; Enterotoxins* ; Epithelial Cells* ; Humans* ; NF-kappa B*

No Abstract Available.
Bacteroides fragilis* ; Bacteroides* ; Chemokines, CXC* ; Enterotoxins* ; Epithelial Cells* ; Humans* ; NF-kappa B*

PURPOSE: Fever in newborn might be an indicator of serious bacterial infection. Differentiating environmental from disease-related temperature elevations in newborn is clinically important, because neonate with environment-related temperature elevation might be subjected to an unnecessary work-up to detect occult disease. But there are exists no consistent conclusions about environmental effect in previous literatures. We prospectively evaluated the effect of bundling on body temperature. METHODS: Twenty-five well, full-term newborns within 1 week old were assigned to the control group (one blanket) or to the study group (five blankets and hat). Rectal and axillary temperatures and arousal states were measured at 15-minute interval for 2 hours. RESULTS: There were 13 control and 12 study newborns. The mean axillary temperature of contol group increased by 0.21 degrees C; mean rectal temperature increased by 0.23 degrees C. The mean axillary temperature of study group increased by 0.63degrees C; mean rectal temperature increased by 0.56 degrees C. Comparing study newborns to controls, there were significant rises in both axillary temperature and rectal temperature. One newborn of the study group reached 38.3 degrees C in rectal temperature. CONCLUSION: Bundling can cause significant elevations in axillary and rectal temperature in newborn within 1 week old. Therefore, physicians treating neonates with elevated temperature should question whether to use bundling to differentiate endogenous from exogenous causes.
Arousal ; Bacterial Infections ; Body Temperature* ; Fever ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Prospective Studies

Gastric dilatation is a rare life-threatening condition and consists of massive distention of the stomach by gas and fluid. Its etiology is unclear but predisposing factors include recent surgery, diabetic gastroparesis, fundoplication and gastric outlet obstruction. As the distended stomach grows larger, it hangs down across the duodenum, producing a mechanical gastric outlet obstruction, venous obstruction of the mucosa, ischemic necrosis and perforation. The distended stomach pushes the diaphragm upward, causing collapse of the left lung, rotation of the heart, and obstruction of the inferior vena cava. Hypochloremia, hypokalemia, and alkalosis may result from fluid and electrolyte losses and may precipitate cardiac arrhythmias. If acute gastric dilatation is not treated promptly, cardiovascular and pulmonary compromise may compound an increasing intravascular volume deficit leading to hypotension, which may be a cause of death.
Alkalosis ; Arrhythmias, Cardiac ; Causality ; Cause of Death ; Diaphragm ; Duodenum ; Fundoplication ; Gastric Dilatation* ; Gastric Outlet Obstruction ; Gastroparesis ; Heart ; Hypokalemia ; Hypotension ; Lung ; Mucous Membrane ; Necrosis ; Stomach ; Vena Cava, Inferior

Gastric dilatation is a rare life-threatening condition and consists of massive distention of the stomach by gas and fluid. Its etiology is unclear but predisposing factors include recent surgery, diabetic gastroparesis, fundoplication and gastric outlet obstruction. As the distended stomach grows larger, it hangs down across the duodenum, producing a mechanical gastric outlet obstruction, venous obstruction of the mucosa, ischemic necrosis and perforation. The distended stomach pushes the diaphragm upward, causing collapse of the left lung, rotation of the heart, and obstruction of the inferior vena cava. Hypochloremia, hypokalemia, and alkalosis may result from fluid and electrolyte losses and may precipitate cardiac arrhythmias. If acute gastric dilatation is not treated promptly, cardiovascular and pulmonary compromise may compound an increasing intravascular volume deficit leading to hypotension, which may be a cause of death.
Alkalosis ; Arrhythmias, Cardiac ; Causality ; Cause of Death ; Diaphragm ; Duodenum ; Fundoplication ; Gastric Dilatation* ; Gastric Outlet Obstruction ; Gastroparesis ; Heart ; Hypokalemia ; Hypotension ; Lung ; Mucous Membrane ; Necrosis ; Stomach ; Vena Cava, Inferior

Neutrophilic dermatosis of the dorsal hands (NDDH) is a recently described skin disorder regarded as a localized variant of acute febrile neutrophilic dermatosis (Sweet syndrome). The lesions of NDDH are characterized by erythematous plaques, pustules, and hemorrhagic bullae on the dorsal surface of the hands. Herein, we report a case of NDDH in a 52-year-old man with concomitant involvement of the ankle. The patient presented with well-demarcated erythematous papules, patches, and plaques on the dorsum of the hands as well as erythematous papules on the left ankle for 3 days. The lesions responded rapidly to systemic corticosteroid therapy.
Animals ; Ankle ; Blister ; Hand ; Humans ; Middle Aged ; Neutrophils ; Skin ; Skin Diseases ; Sweet Syndrome