No abstract available.
Humans ; Microcomputers* ; Survival Analysis*

Accessory renal artery (ARA) is a kind of developmental anomaly in renal artery. It is important in respect to clinical medicine, for example primary hypertension, renovascular disease, inferior vena caval obstruction, ureteral obstruction, occurrence of other vascular anomalies such as accessory renal veins, surgical importance and renal transplantation. However, up to few research of ARA was reported in dissection of cadavers. In our dissecting theater, 12 accessory renal arteries for 10 cadavers were found during dissection the 22 cadavers from 1995 to 1996. 1. Two cases were bilateral and 8 cases were unilateral accessory renal arteries. 2. Seven cases were left and 5 cases were right accessory renal arteries. 3. Two cases originated at the abdominal aorta between celiac trunk and superior mesenteric artery, 7 cases originated between superior mesenteric artery and inferior mesenteric artery, and 3 cases originated below inferior mesenteric artery. 4. Seven cases have no branches during their courses, 4 cases have 3 branches, and a case has 2 branches. 5. Seven cases entered into renal parenchyma through renal hilum, 5 cases entered into apical and arterosuperior segments, and 6 cases entered into inferior segment.
Aorta, Abdominal ; Cadaver ; Clinical Medicine ; Hypertension, Renovascular ; Kidney Transplantation ; Mesenteric Arteries ; Mesenteric Artery, Inferior ; Mesenteric Artery, Superior ; Renal Artery* ; Renal Veins ; Ureteral Obstruction

No abstract available.
Pneumonectomy*

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the changes of bladder management methods after the discharge from hospital, and to identify the problems associated with their method changes of bladder management after the discharge. METHOD: The subjects of this study were 128 spinal cord injury patients with a neurogenic bladder dysfunction who were admitted to the hospital and received the neurogenic bladder management and training. We reviewed the medical records of these patients for the management methods of neurogenic bladder and interviewed the patients whether they are still using the same methods after the discharge. RESULTS: The number of patients who were doing the intermittent catheterization at the time of discharge from hospital was markedly reduced after the discharge and most of the patients in this group have switched to the external collecting device method, using Cred, Valsalva or tapping method. The reasons of this change were that the intermittent catheterization method was not only difficulty and complicated but also restricted their social activities. CONCLUSION: We concluded that a long term close follow up and continuous encouragement are very important in the management of neurogenic bladder patients who are discharged with the intermittent catheterization method.
Catheterization ; Catheters ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Medical Records ; Spinal Cord Injuries ; Spinal Cord* ; Urinary Bladder ; Urinary Bladder, Neurogenic*

Endometriosis in the abdominal scar following cesarean section is very rare condition among the extrapelvic endometriosis. Abdominal wall endometriosis secondary to cesarean section is being reported in less than 0.5% of patients undergoing cesarean section and has a distinct presentation and treatment. Three patients with history of cesarean section presented with a painful, enlarging mass involving the cesarean section scar. The pain was cyclic and the strongest just prior to menstruation. These patients were treated with surgical excision and specimens had endometriosis confirmed by histopathology. We have experienced three cases of endometriosis in the abdominal scar following cesarean section. So, we report the cases with a brief review of the concerned literatures.
Abdominal Wall ; Cesarean Section* ; Cicatrix* ; Endometriosis* ; Female ; Humans ; Menstruation ; Pregnancy

IgA nephropathy is the most common primary glomerulonephritis and characterized by deposition of IgA in glomerular mesangial area. Chronic urate nephropathy is characterized by precipitation of uric acid crystals in the collecting ducts and medullary interstitium. We report a case of IgA nephropathy associated with chronic urate nephropathy. A 57 year old man underwent percutaneous renal biopsy for gross hematuria, generalized edema and renal failure. Renal biopsy showed typical findings of IgA nephropathy: increased mesangial matrix, cellular proliferation and positive staining of IgA. In addition, crystalline deposits of uric acid, which is typical of chronic urate nephropathy, were seen in the medullary interstitium.
Biopsy ; Cell Proliferation ; Crystallins ; Edema ; Glomerulonephritis ; Glomerulonephritis, IGA ; Hematuria ; Immunoglobulin A ; Renal Insufficiency ; Uric Acid

Metastatic ovarian adenocarinoma (Krukenberg tumor) is rare ovarian neoplasm and hard to detect early. The tumor characterized by the infiltration of the interstitium and the signet ring cell was metastasized from GI tract, predominantly. Gastroscopy should be performed in pregnant women with persistent gastro-intestinal complaints after the first trimester. We have experienced a case of metastatic ovarian adenocarcinoma at near term pregnancy, and report this case with a brief review of the concerned literatures.
Adenocarcinoma* ; Female ; Gastrointestinal Tract ; Gastroscopy ; Humans ; Ovarian Neoplasms ; Pregnancy Trimester, First ; Pregnancy* ; Pregnant Women

BACKGROUND: We wanted to investigate the effect of infectious complications on the outcome of patients who received allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT), and we determined the risk factors for predicting infectious complication and the mortality in allogeneic HSCT recipients. METHODS: We enrolled all the patients who underwent allogeneic HSCT at Samsung Medical Center from February 1996 to October 2003. RESULTS: A total of 139 patients were enrolled. A total of 450 infectious episodes were observed in 131 allogeneic recipients (90.8%). Infectious complications occurred in the allogeneic recipients [3.243.00 episodes/patient]. Microbiologically documented infection (MDI), clinically documented infection (CDI), and unknown fever (UF) accounted for 41.6%, 34.0% and 24.4%, respectively, of the total infections. Pneumonia (15.1%) was the most common infection. Among the 187 MDIs, bacterial infection, viral infection and fungal infection accounted for 50.3%, 39.6%, and 7.5%, respectively. Twelve of 24 deaths in the late post-transplantation period were related with infection. The statistically significant risk factors for infection related to mortality, by multivariate analysis, were the underlying disease risk, the duration of neutropenia, the failure of stem cell engraftment, acute GVHD, MDI, UF, the number of infectious episodes, bacteremia, fungemia, pneumonia, genitourinary tract infections, S. aureus, E. coli, Pseudomonas spp., Aspergillus spp., Non-albicans candida and CMV diseases. CONCLUSIONS: The incidence of fungal infections was still low in our institute, even though prophylaxis for fungal infections was not applied, except for gargling with nystatin. In addition, most of them were non-albican Candida and Aspergillus species. Therefore, routine fluconazole prophylaxis may not be needed in our institute.
Aspergillus ; Bacteremia ; Bacterial Infections ; Candida ; Fever ; Fluconazole ; Fungemia ; Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation* ; Hematopoietic Stem Cells* ; Humans ; Incidence ; Mortality ; Multivariate Analysis ; Neutropenia ; Nystatin ; Pneumonia ; Pseudomonas ; Risk Factors ; Stem Cells

Hesperetin (3',5,7-trihydroxy 4'-methoxyflavanone) and its glycoside hesperidin (hesperetin 7-rhamnoglucoside) in oranges have been reported to possess pharmacological effects related to anti-obesity. However, hesperetin and hesperidin have not been studied on suppressive effects on appetite. This study examined that hesperetin and hesperidin can stimulate the release of cholecystokinin (CCK), one of appetite-regulating hormones, from the enteroendocrine STC-1 cells, and then examined the mechanisms involved in the CCK release. Hesperetin significantly and dose-dependently stimulated CCK secretion with an EC50 of 0.050 mM and increased the intracellular Ca2+ concentrations ([Ca2+]i) compared to the untreated control. The stimulatory effect by hesperetin was mediated via the entry of extracellular Ca2+ and the activation of TRP channels including TRPA1. These results suggest that hesperetin can be a candidate biomolecule for the suppression of appetite and eventually for the therapeutics of obesity.
Appetite ; Cholecystokinin* ; Citrus sinensis ; Enteroendocrine Cells ; Hesperidin ; Obesity

BACKGROUND/AIMS: Although multidrug resistance (MDR) among extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli (ESBL-EC) poses significant therapeutic challenges, little is known regarding the risk factors and epidemiology of community-onset MDR-ESBL-EC infections. We performed this study to investigate risk factors and the molecular epidemiology of community-onset MDR-ESBL-EC infections. METHODS: We conducted a case-control-control study of community-onset infections. MDR-ESBL-EC was defined as ESBL-EC that demonstrated in vitro resistance to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, fluoroquinolones (FQs), and gentamicin. Patients with MDR-ESBL-EC infections were designated as case patients. A control group I (CG I) patient was defined as a person whose clinical sample yielded ESBL-EC that did not meet the criteria for MDR. A control group II (CG II) patient was defined as a patient with a non-ESBL-EC infection. RESULTS: Of 108 patients with ESBL-EC infections, 30 cases (27.8%) were due to MDR-ESBL-EC. Compared with CG I, prior use of FQs (odds ratio [OR], 3.16; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.11 to 8.98) and immunosuppressant use (OR, 10.47; 95% CI, 1.07 to 102.57) were significantly associated with MDR-ESBL-EC. Compared with CG II, prior use of FQs (OR, 15.53; 95% CI, 2.86 to 84.27) and healthcare-associated infection (OR, 5.98; 95% CI, 2.26 to 15.86) were significantly associated with MDR-ESBL-EC. CTX-M-15 was the most common in MDR-ESBL-EC infections (59.1% [13/22]), while CTX-M-14 was the most common in non-MDR-ESBL-EC infections (41.6% [32/77]). CTX-M-15 was significantly associated with MDR-ESBL-EC (59.1% vs. 32.5%, p = 0.028). Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis showed clonal diversity of MDR-ESBL-EC isolates. CONCLUSIONS: The emergence of strains of MDR-ESBL-EC in the community poses an important new public health threat. More information on the emergence and transmission of these strains will be necessary in order to prevent their spread.
Drug Resistance, Multiple* ; Electrophoresis, Gel, Pulsed-Field ; Epidemiology ; Escherichia coli Infections* ; Escherichia coli* ; Escherichia* ; Fluoroquinolones ; Gentamicins ; Humans ; In Vitro Techniques ; Molecular Epidemiology* ; Public Health ; Risk Factors* ; Trimethoprim, Sulfamethoxazole Drug Combination