Colorectal carcinomas occur primarily in elderly people and are rare in children. Unlike adult colorectal carcinomas, the overall prognosis is very poor because of the usual delay in diagnosis and advanced stages at presentation or initial diagnosis, and a high incidence of aggressive tumor pathology such as mucinous adenocarcinoma. Colon cancer should not be excluded in children only based on age or barium enema results. Therefore, colonoscopy should be performed in pediatric patients with unexplained rectal bleeding and abdominal pain. We report a rare case of a child with a mucinous adenocarcinoma of the sigmoid colon in a 12-year-old boy, who presented with an abdominal mass and abdominal pain and review the medical literature.
Abdominal Pain ; Adenocarcinoma, Mucinous* ; Adult ; Aged ; Barium ; Child* ; Colon, Sigmoid ; Colonic Neoplasms ; Colonoscopy ; Colorectal Neoplasms ; Diagnosis ; Enema ; Hemorrhage ; Humans ; Incidence ; Male ; Mucins* ; Pathology ; Prognosis

PURPOSE: While the survival rate of preterm infants in the neonatal intensive care unit is increasing, the neurological complication such as cerebral palsy is still a serious problem. This study is to determine the incidence of cystic periventricular leukomalacia (cPVL) observed among preterm low birth weight infants and its risk factors. METHODS: The medical records of infants (under 37 weeks of gestational age and under 2,500 g of birth weight) delivered from June 2003 to May 2006 were reviewed with special reference to cPVL. Maternal factors, labor and delivery characteristics and neonatal parameters were collected. It is inquired of whether the already known perinatal and neonatal risk factors such as prematurity, birth weight, intrauterine infection, mode of delivery, breech presentation, postnatal resuscitation and intubation, antenatal steroid, administration of surfactant and early onset of sepsis can be attributed to cPVL incidence of given infants. RESULTS: Ventilator care was offered to 7 infants, and surfactant was applied to 6 infants among 10 infants who has cPVL. The incidence of cPVL is 7.2%. The risk factors like low Apgar score at 1 minute, twin, use of epinephrine or dopamine, postnatal administration of surfactant and ventilator care have statistical meaning (P<0.05). CONCLUSION: The incidence of cPVL is higher in the cases of low Apgar score at 1 minute, twin, delivery room resuscitation, respiratory distress syndrome and ventilator care. These risk factors should be controlled with special attention to their influences on the brain. By way of regular follow-up, careful observation of neurological problem must be given to infants required of epinephrine, dopamine and ventilator care.
Apgar Score ; Birth Weight ; Brain ; Breech Presentation ; Cerebral Palsy ; Delivery Rooms ; Dopamine ; Epinephrine ; Female ; Gestational Age ; Humans ; Incidence* ; Infant* ; Infant, Low Birth Weight* ; Infant, Newborn ; Infant, Premature ; Intensive Care, Neonatal ; Intubation ; Leukomalacia, Periventricular* ; Medical Records ; Parturition ; Pregnancy ; Resuscitation ; Risk Factors* ; Sepsis ; Survival Rate ; Twins ; Ventilators, Mechanical