According to the inclusion and exclusion criteria, we searched for relevant original articles in some big Chinese and English databases. The qualities of the studies were evaluated with QUADAS quality assessment tool. A software program, Meta-disc, was used to obtain the pooled estimates and heterogeneity test for sensitivity, specificity, SROC curve, and so on. Finally the 17 article were included. On a per-patient basis, the pooled sensitivity (SEN), specificity (SPE), positive likelihood ratio (LR+), negative likelihood ratio (LR-), diagnostic odds ratio (DOR), Q*, SROC area under curve for 99mTc-MDP bone scan and computed tomography (CT) were 0. 87 and 0.99, 0.81 and 0.98, 3.88 and 13.86, 0.2 and 0.03, 27.73 and 612.17, 0.8418 and 0.9732, 0.9097 and 0.9952, respectively. On a per-focus basis, the pooled SEN, SPE, LR+, LR-, DOR, Q*, SROC area under curve for 99mTc-MDP bone scan was 0.86, 0.97, 13.32, 0.16, 102.4, 0.8944, 0.9528, respectively. For CT, only 1 article were included. This paper demonstrate: whether 99mTc-MDP or CT both have high diagnostic efficiency for bone metastase of breast cancer.
Bone Neoplasms ; diagnosis ; secondary ; Breast Neoplasms ; pathology ; Female ; Humans ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Technetium Tc 99m Medronate ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed

Objective To investigate the standard supplement of a certain dose of vitamin D for blood pressure control in pa-tients with essential hypertension.Methods 100 cases of patients with essential hypertension were randomly divided into 2 groups voluntarily,50 cases in each group.One group were set as control group,in which patients underwent a standard treatment.The other group was experimental group,in which 25 μg/d vitamin D was administrated in addition to standard treatment.Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D[25 (OH)D]concentrations were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA)and patients were followed up for one year to observe the situation of blood pressure controll.Mean and variable coefficient(CV)of systolic and dias-tolic blood pressure were calculated and compared between groups.Results In experiment group,the serum 25 (OH)D concentra-tion was (110.3±24.5)μg/L,systolic pressure was (144±16)mm Hg,variable coefficient of systolic pressure(CV1)was 11.1%, diastolic pressure was (87±9)mm Hg,variable coefficient of diastolic pressure(CV2)was 10.3%.While in control group,the 25 (OH)D concentration was (30.1±14.9)μg/L,systolic pressure was (145 ±26)mm Hg,CV1 was 17.9%,diastolic pressure was (87±10)mm Hg,CV2 was 12.4%.Serum 25(OH)D concentration and CV1 were statistically different between the two groups(P<0.01),CV2 was not statistically different(P >0.05).Conclusion Administrate quantitative vitamin D in addition to standard treat-ment is helpful for systolic pressure control in patients with essential hypertension but is meaningless for diastolic pressure control.

Objective To investigate the impact of smoking on the level of urinary 8-iso prostaglandin (PG) F2? (8-iso-PGF2?) of patients with acute cerebral infarction. 8-iso-PGF2? is a product of arachidonic acid catalyzed by free-radical, and it has been identified as an indicator of oxidative stress in vivo during reperfusion. Methods Plasma and urine samples were obtained from 28 patients with acute cerebral infarction. Among them 14 patients with no smoking habit were chosen as control group according to the selection criterion, and the other 14 patients with smoking habit were chosen as investigation group according to the same criterion. There was no significant difference between the two groups in age, gender ratio, blood pressure, lipids level, blood glucose, focus location, and degree of the cerebral focus of infaration. The concentration of urinary 8-iso PGF2? and levels of low-density lipoproteins (LDL), total cholesterol, LDL-triglyceride (TG) and LDL-free cholesterol in plasma were measured by enzyme immunoassay. The quantification of urinary 8-iso PGF2? and LDL levels in plasma were performed for each sample respectively. Results The concentration of urinary 8-epi PGF2? of the patients with smoking habit was significantly higher than that in the patients of control group (75.79?10.76 vs 67.36?9.18 ng/mmol creatinine, P0.05, respectively) between the two groups. Conclusions Cigarette smoking may raise the urinary 8-iso-PGF2? level of patients with acute cerebral infarction, suggesting an increase in the level of oxidative stress in vivo in these subjects.

Objectives To explore the effects of hypertension on the oxidative susceptibility of plasma low-density lipoprotein (LDL) in patients with cerebral infarction. Methods A total of 79 patients, 39 males and 40 females with mean age of 67?7, with hypertension accompanied by similar size of cerebral infarction in the perfusion domain of middle cerebral artery, were involved in this study. The hypertension was graded as follows: grade Ⅰ (n=27), the systolic blood pressure (SBP)/diastolic blood pressure (DBP) was 140-159mmHg/90-99mmHg; grade Ⅱ (n=29) with SBP/DBP of 160-179mmHg/100-109mmHg; grade Ⅲ (n=23) with SBP/DBP exceeding 180mmHg/110mmHg. Serum concentrations of LDL were determined with enzymatic colorimetry employing an automated multianalyzer. The lag time (ox-LDL lag-time) in conjugated diene production at 234nm was determined by copper-stimulated oxidation. Results No statistical difference was found in LDL-total cholesterol, LDL-triglyceride, LDL-free cholesterol among grade Ⅰ, Ⅱ, Ⅲ groups (6.1?0.4, 0.87?0.08, 1.6?0.7mmol/L; 5.7?0.6, 0.86?0.05, 1.8?0.9mmol/L; and 5.6?0.7, 0.87?0.1, 1.7?0.8mmol/L, respectively). Correlation analysis showed the lag time in conjugated diene production in patients with cerebral infarction was negatively related to the grade of hypertension in all the subjects, and the lag time in grade Ⅰ, Ⅱ, Ⅲ groups was 84.26?8.491, 69.84?7.748 and 61.95?8.482 min, respectively (r=0.673 3, P

Objective To investigate the effect of vitamin E administration on the urinary level of 8-iso prostaglandin F_(2?)(8-iso- PGF_(2?))in the patients with cerebral infarction.Methods 28 patiems with acute cerebral infarction were involved in this study according to the selection criteria.They were divided into two groups:patients in test group(n=14)were treated with vitamin E,and those in control group(n=14)were not treated with vitamin E.No significant differences existed in age,gender ratio,blood pressure,lipids level and lo- cation and level of the cerebral infarct focus between two groups.The contents of urinary 8-iso-PGF_(2?) were measured in each urinary speci- men,meanwhile the levels of vitamin E and low density lipoprotein(LDL)were determined in each plasma specimen within 24 hours after onset of cerebral infarct and two weeks later.Results The concentration of urinary 8-iso-PGF_(2?) collected at two weeks after onset from pa- tients of test group was significantly lower than that of the control group(85.20?9.17 vs 91.36?4.24ng/mmol creatinine,P0.05).Conclusions The content of urinary 8-iso-PGF_(2?) and the level of oxidative stress in vivo could be decreased in the patients with acute cerebral infarction after being treated with vitamin E.

Objective To investigate the prevalence of target organ damage and analyze etiology in elderly hospitalized patients with hypertension.Methods A total of 1270 elderly inpatients aged 60 to 91 years from 2008 to 2012 were enrolled.This retrospective study was performed to analyze the etiology and the prevalence of target organ damage in hospitalized hypertensive patients.Results Among elderly hypertensive patients,secondary hypertension accounted for 14.2 ％ (180/1 270) while essential hypertension accounted for 85.8％ (1 090/1 270).In secondary hypertension,renovascular hypertension of atherosclerosis (67.8％) and primary aldosteronism (23.3％) had the higher prevalence rate.Among 1 090 hospitalized patients with essential hypertension,the prevalence of patients with ≥ 1 complications was 88.3 ％.The prevalence of cerebrovascular disease,coronary heart disease and chronic renal failure were 30.2 ％,26.7 ％ and 10.5 ％,respectively.The occurrence rate of the increased carotid intima-media thickness and left type hypertrophy were 66.6 ％ and 24.0 ％,respectively.The prevalence rate of cerebrovascular disease,coronary artery disease and chronic renal failure were increased with aging (P＜0.05).Compared with female,male patients had a higher prevalence rate of chronic renal failure (P＜0.05).Conclusions Secondary hypertension is mainly renovascular hypertension and primary aldosteronism in elderly patients with hypertension.And damage of target organ in elderly patients with primary hypertension is more common,highest with cerebral apoplexy among three target organs such as heart,brain and kidney disease.

Objective To explore the CT and MR imaging findings of acinic cell carcinoma (ACC)in salivary gland and enhance the diagnosis of this rare disease.Methods The CT and MR imaging characteristics of 20 patients (7 males and 13 females,median age 44 years old) with pathologically proved ACC were retrospectively reviewed.CT and MR images were evaluated in relation to the following: location,size,morphology,margin,CT density/MR signal intensity and enhancement pattern.Results Twelve lesions were located in parotid gland,two lesions in maxillary Sinus,and one lesion in submandibular,parapharyngeal,infratemporal fossa,buccal,nasal cavity,and hard palate respectively.The size of lesions were 0.7～5.8 cm.Sixteen lesions less than 3 cm in size demonstrated round or oval round masses with well defined margin.Four lesions more than 3 cm in size demonstrated irregular masses with unclear margin.Among them,bony destruction of the wall of the maxillary sinus was noted in 3 cases,and the preauricular skin was invaded in 1 case.The densities (signal intensity) were homogeneous in 6 cases and heterogeneous in 14 cases.Lesions were slightly low density in 11 case and isodensity in 3 cases on CT plain scan.Lesions were homogeneous isointense in 2 cases and heterogeneous isointense in 4 cases on T1WI,heterogeneous hyperintense in all cases on T2WI.On post contrast images,lesions demonstrated remarkable enhancement in 14 cases,moderate enhancement in 2 cases and mild enhancement in 3 cases.Conclusions The imaging characteristic of ACC were nonspecific.CT and MR could accurately detect the extent of tumor involvement and was helpful to provide more comprehensive information for the strategy of clinic therapy.

ObjectiveTo explore the characteristic CT features of benign and malignant submandibular gland lesions.Methods CT scans of 75 cases of submandibular gland lesions verified pathologically after surgery were analyzed retrospectively,including 38 cases of pleomorphic adenoma,22 cases of malignant tumors,11 cases of chronic submaxillaritis,2 cases of myoepithelioma,1 case of neurilemoma and 1 case of hemangioma.Results ( 1 ) All 38 cases of submandibular gland pleomorphic adenoma only occupied a part of submandibnlar gland.Thirty five lesions were on the edge of submandibular gland.The edge of 33 lesions were smooth and the density of 30 lesions were even.Thirty three lesions were slightly or moderately enhanced and 10 lesions showed “target sign” on enhanced CT.( 2 ) There were 22 cases of submandibular gland malignant tumors.Three lesions of lymphoma located at the edge of submandibular gland with smooth edge and even density,and showed mild to moderate enhancement.The remaining 19 lesions showed rough edge and uneven density.Eighteen of the 19 lesions showed ill-defined boundary,2 of the 18 lesions invaded most of submandibular gland and 16 of the 18 lesions invaded the whole submandibular gland.Seventeen lesions were unevenly enhanced,thickened,cirvilinear vessels were seen in 12 of the 17 lesions.Nine cases were accompanied with swollen lymph nodes ( minor diameter greater than 1.0 cm) in neck.(3)There were 11 cases of chronic submaxillaritis,which showed enlargement of the whole submandibular gland with relative smooth edge and relative clear boundary.Most of lesions were moderately and evenly enhanced.Six cases were companied with submandibular duct lithiasis and dilatation.All of 11 cases were accompanied with lymph node enlargement in neck.(4) Two cases of myoepithelioma demonstrated irregular ring enhancement on CT;one case of neurilemoma showed obvious cystic changes and slight enhancement on the edge;1 case of hemangioma showed multiple phleboliths and prolonged contrast enhancement.ConclusionsMost of submandibular gland benign and malignant lesions show some degree of characteristic CT findings.It is relatively difficult to discriminate between lymphoma and submandibular gland pleomorphic adenoma.

Objective To study the CT findings of small thyroid carcinoma. Methods The CT findings of 40 patients with histology-proven small thyroid carcinoma (diameter, 1.0 to 2. 0 cm) were retrospectively reviewed. Results (1)The single lesion was detected in 38 cases and two lesions in bilateral thyroid in 2 cases. Two cases were combined with contralateral nodular goiter and I case with contralateral thyroid adenoma. ( 2 ) Eight lesions showed smooth edge and complete envelope. Thirty-four lesions demonstrated foggy edge and incomplete envelope,but they didn't invade the surrounding soft tissues and important organs. ( 3 ) The density of all lesions were homogeneous or comparatively homogeneous without obvious hemorrhage or necrosis area on non-enhanced CT. Thirty lesions showed varied shape calcifications,with granular calcifications in 20 lesions being the most common. Irregular nodular,eggshell-like or mulberrylike calcifications were also detected. (4)Forty-one lesions showed marked enhancement on post-contrast CT and the amplitude of enhanced CT value was greater than 40 HU(range,90 to 140 HU). Thirty-eight lesions exhibited homogeneous enhancement, and other 3 lesions showed marked enhancement center with a ring-like low density edge and manifested as a characteristic damascene-like appearance. (5)Enlarged cervical lymph nodes were found in 24 cases ( 60. 0% ), which displayed solid, cystic-solid or cystic appearances on nonenhanced CT. They showed markedly homogeneous,irregular ring or wall-node enhancement on post-contrast CT. In 8 cases there were granular, nodular or eggshell-like calcifications within the enlarged lymph nodes.Conclusion A solid thyroid nodule with granular calcification, incomplete envelope and marked enhancement, companied with enlarged lymph nodes with calcification, cystic degeneration and obviously enhanced solid part are the relatively characteristic CT features of small thyroid carcinoma.

Adult ; Dimethylformamide ; poisoning ; Female ; Humans ; Occupational Exposure ; Young Adult