Objective To explore an effective prevention and management of nonunion and malunion due to insidious infection after fracture internal fixation. Methods From January 2001 to January 2006,we treated 26 patients with nonunion and malunion due to insidious infection after fracture internal fixation.They were 15 cases of femoral fractures, 2 cases of ulna fractures, 3 cases of radial fracturos, 3 cases of humerus fractures, and 3 cases of tibial fractures. The patients were treated with irrigation after debridement.In 23 fractures, the internal fixation was dislodged and changed into external fixation. In the 3 cases whose internal fixation remained, instillation and drainage were conducted after debridement. Bone grafting was performed for 20 cases after replacement of internal fixation, and for 3 cases after removal of external fixation.Three patients received no bone graft. Results The preoperative X-ray findings confirmed the diagnosis of insidious infection in 21 cases, while the other 5 cases were diagnosed by bacterial culture or pathological examination of the pus and inflammatory granulation tissue found during surgery. The bacterial culture was positive in 17 cases, including 6 cases of Staphylococcus epidermidis, 8 cases of Staphylococcus aureus, and 3 cases of Escherichia coli. All the patients were followed up for 8 to 48 months, with an average of 23.5 months. Of the 26 cases, 22 obtained bony union, 2 partial union and 2 nonunion. Complications included fistula in 2 patients and infection relapse in 3 patients. Conclusions Insidious infection may be related to the bacterial toxicity, anatomical sites and surgical methods. X-ray changes may help the diagnosis of insidious infection. Surgery is necessary for management of nonunion and malunion due to insidious infection after fracture internal fixation.

Objective To investigate the application value of transcystic choledochoscopy combined with holmium laser for common bile duct stones . Methods Clinical data of 16 patients with common bile duct stones who underwent transcystic choledochoscopy and holmium laser cholelithotripsy between March 2012 and December 2013 in this hospital were retrospectively analyzed.During holmium laser cholelithotripsy (1.0 J/10 Hz, 400 μm fiber), the stones were fragmented under direct vision of choledochoscopy and were extracted by using water flushing or a stone basket . Results The stones were successfully removed in 15 patients, including 6 cases of laparoscopic operation and 9 cases of open operation .The operation time was (132 ±27) min for open surgery and (156 ±33) min for laparoscopic surgery .The stone fragment and removal time was (30.2 ±8.5) min for open surgery and (45.6 ±10.4) min for laparoscopic surgery .The hospital stay was (9.7 ±1.4) d.There was 1 case of failed cholelithotripsy due to obstructed water flow and blurry vision .Follow-up examinations in 14 cases for 2-24 months found no recurrence of stones or biliary strictures. Conclusion Transcystic choledochoscopy and holmium laser cholelithotripsy is intuitive , accurate, and effective, being a safe and reliable alternative for choledocholithiasis .

In order to further promote teaching effect of clinical practice in higher medical college & university,we should focus on the following main points:renovating teaching ideal and educational thought;reinforcing the cultivation of diagnosis and treatment technique and diagnosis thoughts;reforming teaching method and strategy;strengthening the teaching management;combining scientific research with training practice;infiltrating humanities-social sciences thoughts.

BACKGROUND: Autologous bone marrow transplantation (ABMT) has been widely used in treatment of the malunion of fracture, but this treatment to cure malunion of fracture induced by infection is still not consistent.OBJECTIVE: To observe the application and clinical outcome of ABUT for the malunion of fracture induced by infection.DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING: A retrospective analysis. The patients were all enrolled at Department of Orthopaedics in the Third Affiliated Hospital of Hebei Medical University from January 2001 to January 2006. PARTICIPANTS: A total of 19 patients with malunion of fracture induced by infection, including 13 males and 6 females aged from 18 to 50 years, with an average of 36. The lesioned site contained fracture of tibia 10, fracture of femur 5, fracture of ulna 2 and fracture of humerus 2. Among them, there were 6 cases with bone defect, 9 cases with bone fracture delayed union and 4 cases with bone fracture disunion.METHODS: Nineteen patients treated with percutaneous ABUT. Among the 19 cases, 12 patients received the transplant 3 weeks after infection was under controlled, and other 8 patients received the transplant following autologous bone transplantation.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: After ABMT, all patients were checked using X-ray regularly, the pacing of bone union was traced through observing the growth of callus, and the side reaction was also detected.RESULTS: Totally 19 patients were included in the follow-up visit, and 15 cases of them achieved bony union. Clinical healing time was 7-20 weeks. The patients had no obvious discomforts except local gas pains when injecting and at pristine time after injection. Five patients had a small quantity of exudation. No infection relapse or soft tissue ossification were observed at the injection position. Four patients had not achieved bony union, the reason was that bone defect in 2 patients exceed 2 cm; fracture disunion with pseudoarticulation formatted in one patient, the sclerous broken ends of fractured bone was more than 2 cm; another patient's external fixation displaced, we adjusted it and the bone healed after 12 weeks. Three patients received autoallergic ilium bone transplantation in the second time of operation, the fractured bone got bony union. CONCLUSION: ABMT by percutaneous injection into malunion site can induce ossification, repair bone fracture and bone defects. The clinical application is simple and exhibits small wounds without complications. Especially ABMT is effective for the patient with the malunion of fracture induced by infection.

Objective:To summarize the curative effect, safety and experience of non-thoracoscopic modiifed Nuss procedure for correction of pectus excavatum (PE).
Methods:From January 2007 to December 2011, 267 cases of PE patients were selected in our hospital. Among them 85 were treated by thoracoscopic minimally invasive modified Nuss Procedure and 182 by non-thoracoscopic procedure. The operation time, blood loss during operation, length of postoperative hospital stay and effect of treatment were compared retrospectively.
Results:All the 267 patients finished the repair procedure smoothly. The non-thoracoscopic group had advantage in terms of operative time (22.5 min vs 35.1 min, P<0.05). As for the blood loss during operation, length of postoperative hospital stay and effect of treatment, there was no signiifcant difference among the 2 groups (P>0.05). hTere were no deaths.
Conclusion:Non-thoracoscopic minimally invasive modified Nuss procedure is as safe and effective as thoracoscopic Nuss procedure. With advantages of simpliifed operation procedure and shorter operation time, it is easier in practice.

The use of adjuvant extemal-beam RT is well established in the postoperative treatment of glioblastoma multiforme (CBM).It is consensus that target volume should be determined based on the fusion images of MRI and CT,but the inclusion of peritumoural edematous is controversial.The vast majority of recurrences occur within 2 cm of the original tumor site orin radiation field.There is no inevitable relation between the degree of peritumoral edema and recurrence model.The clinical and pathological characteristics may be as predictive and prognostic factors for the treatment of GBM.Target volume delineation for CBM tend to individual,which can maintain known outcomes and reduce treatment toxicity.

Objective To investigate the recognition of cyclomastopathy in female college students in Guangzhou.Method 300 female college students(90 medical students and 210 non-medical students)from 10 colleges in Guangzhou were involved in the survey using the self-designed questionnaire.Results Medical students had significantly higher recognition about cyclomastopathy than non-medical students(all P<0.05).The college students lacked of awareness of self breast care.Only 15.56%of the medical students and 11.43% of the non-medical students regularly took breast self-care.Conclusion To improve the social,school and students pay more attention to the breast diseases,strengthen the female university students about breast health education,has improtant significance for improving college students' knowledge of disease of mammary gland hyperplasia.

Objective To investigate the effects of source to image receptor distance (SID) on the image quality and entrance surface dose (ESD) in the chest digital radiography (DR) for infants.Methods Anthropomorphic chest phantoms were exposed to 60 kVp and different values of SID ( 150 -80 cm with the interval of 10 cm,totally 8 groups) so as to record the values of mAs and ESD.The SID values of 110 cm and 90 cm with the moderate and low ESD values were selected for clinical test.Forty-two hospitalized infants,aged 12 months (8 months to 2 years) underwent chest DR with the SID of 110 cm before admission and 90 cm before discharge respectively.The values of ESD were recorded and compared.Three experienced experts assessed the quality of 84 pieces of images.Results The values of mAs and ESD decreased gradually along with the decrease of the SID from 150 cm to 80 cm.All the 84 images from the 42 infants met the demands for diagnosis.There was no significant difference in the score of image quality of the group with the SID of 110 cm (4.4±0.3) and 90 cm(4.2±0.4) (t=0.453,P＞0.05).The value of ESD of the group with the SID of 90 cm was significantly lower than that of the group of SID of 110 cm by 0.003 4 mGy ( t =12.001,P ＜ 0.05 ).Conclusions The image quality of chest DR could meet the demands for diagnosis in spite of the value of SID,however,the SID value in chest DR significantly might influence the ESD.The SID value of 90 cm shoud be recommended in chest DR for infants.

AIM:To explore the effect of recombined sICAM-1 on the adhesion of leukocyte to pulmonary microvascular endothelial cell. METHODS:Primary cultured rat pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells were used in this experiment. Leukocyte was labeled with 99　Tm-HMPAO.The effects of different dose of sICAM-1, CA7 and dimeric form of sICAM-1 (sICAM-1*CA7)were tested separately in cell adhesion .RESULTS:sICAM-1 and CA7 could not inhibit cell adhesion even at the concentration of 100 mg/L,while sICAM-1*CA7 at concentrations of 20 mg/L and 40 mg/L could inhibit 42% and 50% of cell adhesion respectively (P＜0.05). CONCLUSION:sICAM-1 has poor inhibitory effect on cell adhesion, probably due to monomeric form.

Aim To study the inhibitory effect of gast-rodin (GSTD) on oleic acid (OA)-induced fat accu-mulation in HL-7702 cells and explore possible cellular signaling pathways. Methods The MTT method was used to study the impact of GSTD on cell viability in HL-7702 cells. Cellular steatosis was induced by 1 mmol·L-1 of OA administration for 24 h, and differ-ent concentrations of GSTD were added at the same time. Oil red O ( ORO) staining was used to determine fat accumulation in cells, and intracellular triglyceride ( TG) contents were assayed. Western blot was used to determine the phosphorylation levels of AMPKα and ACC in cells after GSTD administration. Compound C was used to treat the cells in order to study its influ-ence on the efficacies of GSTD. Results GSTD had no obvious toxicity in HL-7702 cells when its concen-tration was≤3 386. 5 μmol · L-1 . After 24 h of OA administration, there were large amounts of lipid drop-lets accumulated in HL-7702 cells, and intracellular TG contents greatly increased as well. However, when 169. 3 or 338. 7 μmol · L-1 of GSTD was added to-gether with OA, fat accumulation in cells was greatly inhibited, and intracellular TG contents were reduced averagely by 35% and 43 . 6%, respectively ( P<0. 01 vs OA alone ) . After administration, GSTD could in-crease the levels of p-AMPKα and p-ACC in HL-7702 cells time and dose dependently. Compound C could completely abolish the stimulating activity of GSTD on AMPK pathway and block its reducing effect on hepatic TG accumulation. Conclusions GSTD greatly inhibits OA-induced fat accumulation and reduces intracellular TG contents in HL-7702 cells;the efficacy of GSTD is dependent on the activation of cellular AMPK pathway.