Neuroleptic malignant syndrome is a rare, but potentially life-threatening adverse event associated with the use of neuroleptic agents. We describe the case of a 47-year-old schizophrenic woman who was treated with clozapine for years. The patient developed acute renal failure with pulmonary edema, and underwent mechanical ventilation and hemodialysis.
Acute Kidney Injury ; Antipsychotic Agents ; Clozapine* ; Female ; Humans ; Middle Aged ; Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome* ; Pulmonary Edema ; Renal Dialysis ; Respiration, Artificial ; Rhabdomyolysis

The word "Delayed" in the legend of Figure 2 should have been written as "Controls."

No abstract available.
Captopril* ; Child* ; Humans ; Nephrotic Syndrome*

No abstract available.
Captopril* ; Child* ; Humans ; Nephrotic Syndrome*

The distance from the skin to the lumbar epidural space was measured in 87 women undergoing cesarean section(C/S) and 36 patients undergoing total abdominal hysterectomy(TAH) to compare with the C/S group. The patients age, height, most recent antenatal or preopertive weight, and shoe size were obtained before measuring the epidural depth. The PI(ponderal index) was caculated by dividing weight(kg) by height(m). In patients undergoing total hysterectomy, the mean distance was found to be 4.42 cm, which correlated with weight and PI (p<0.05), but height and shoe size had no significant effect on this distance. In women undergoing cesarean section, the mean distance was found to be 4.48 cm which had no correlation with any other measurements.
Cesarean Section ; Epidural Space* ; Female ; Humans ; Hysterectomy ; Pregnancy ; Shoes ; Skin*

The distance from the skin to the lumbar epidural space was measured in 87 women undergoing cesarean section(C/S) and 36 patients undergoing total abdominal hysterectomy(TAH) to compare with the C/S group. The patients age, height, most recent antenatal or preopertive weight, and shoe size were obtained before measuring the epidural depth. The PI(ponderal index) was caculated by dividing weight(kg) by height(m). In patients undergoing total hysterectomy, the mean distance was found to be 4.42 cm, which correlated with weight and PI (p<0.05), but height and shoe size had no significant effect on this distance. In women undergoing cesarean section, the mean distance was found to be 4.48 cm which had no correlation with any other measurements.
Cesarean Section ; Epidural Space* ; Female ; Humans ; Hysterectomy ; Pregnancy ; Shoes ; Skin*

OBJECTIVE: We investigated the expression of chemokine receptors in human ovarian cancer to understand the role of chemokines in ovarian cancer development and metastasis. METHODS: Twenty-two cases of epithelial ovarian cancer were studied for expression of 13 chemokine receptors such as CXCR1-CXCR5 and CCR1-CCR8 by using semi- quantitative RT-PCR and immunohistochemistry. Moreover, we studied the relationship between the chemokine receptors expression and lymph nodes metastasis of ovarian cancers. RESULTS: As compared with normal ovarian tissues, ovarian cancer tissues showed higher mean expression levels of CCR1,3,4,5,7,8 and CXCR1,3,4. Of chemokine receptors, CCR7 revealed the significantly higher levels of expression in ovarian cancer tissues relative to normal tissues. In the cases of retroperitoneal lymph nodes metastasis, increased expression of CCR2,4 and CXCR 1,3,4 was observed although there was no statistical significance. CONCLUSION: These results suggest that there is a complex chemokine/chemokine receptor network in pathogenesis and the way of lymph node metastasis of ovarian cancer rather than a specific chemokine or chemokine receptor.
Chemokines ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; Lymph Nodes ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Ovarian Neoplasms* ; Receptors, Chemokine*

OBJECTIVE: Ectopic pregnancy can still cause maternal death, though we have undergone it frequently. So, we survey 80 cases ectopic pregnancies treated our hospital for early detection and proper management. METHODS: In this study, the authors studied retrospectively 80 cases which had been admitted and treated at the department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, National Police Hospital from Jan. 1, 1991 to Dec. 31, 2000. RESULTS: Incidence of ectopic pregnancy was one in 68 normal deliveries for 10 years, 63.7% of cases occurred in 25~34 years-old age group, and 52.6% of patients had previous abdominal surgery including cesarean section. Average interval of tubal ligation was 6.5 years between the onset of ectopic pregnancy and tubal ligation. Lower abdominal pain was the most common clinical symptom developed in 91.3% of the patients. Average interval between the onset of symptom and LMP was 7.6 weeks. Most ectopic pregnancies were tubal pregnancies and salpingectomy was done in 56.3% of the patients. CONCLUSION: According to our study, ectopic pregnancy occurred most frequently in women in their reproductive age and one of most important prognostic factors is time between onset of symptom and arrival of patient at hospital. We must make our efforts to preserve utero-ovarian function in treatment of patients with ectopic pregnancy.
Abdominal Pain ; Cesarean Section ; Female ; Gynecology ; Humans ; Incidence ; Maternal Death ; Obstetrics ; Police ; Pregnancy ; Pregnancy, Ectopic* ; Pregnancy, Tubal ; Retrospective Studies ; Salpingectomy ; Sterilization, Tubal

Although ascending aortic aneurysm is a uncommon disease, it has fatal complications such as aortic rupture, dissection, or death. So, experts recommend a preemptive aortic operation. A 77-year-old man with hypertension visited for slow progressive exertional dyspnea and general weakness. Chest X-ray showed deviation of trachea to right, mediastinal widening, cardiomegaly, and bulging of right heart border to right. Transthoracic echocardiography(TTE) and transesophageal echocardiography(TEE) showed marked dilated ascending aorta with wall calcification associated with severe aortic regurgitation and pericardial effusion. Measured diameter of ascending aorta was 12 x 11 cm on Chest Computed Tomography (CT) scan, 8.35 cm on TTE, and 10.2 cm on TEE. Our exam found out the obstructive pneumonia and aortic regurgitation as consequences of complications of huge aneurysm. We report a case of huge ascending aortic aneurysm without any previous aortic operation, aortic complications, trauma, or other etiologic factors.
Aged ; Aneurysm ; Aorta ; Aortic Aneurysm* ; Aortic Rupture ; Aortic Valve Insufficiency ; Cardiomegaly ; Dyspnea ; Heart ; Humans ; Hypertension ; Pericardial Effusion ; Pneumonia ; Thorax ; Trachea

Quadricuspid aortic valves (QAVs) is a rare congenital malformation. We report two cases of QAV associated with aortic regurgitation. The one is incidentally diagnosed and uncomplicated, and the other is symptomatic and associated with infective endocarditis. In most cases, QAVs are associated with valve regurgitation, with a concurrent stenosis in some patients, while only a small number of QAVs are functionally normal. Once the diagnosis has been made, echocardiographic follow-up is recommended, because of progression to severe valve regurgitation and the risk of infective endocarditis.
Aortic Valve Insufficiency* ; Aortic Valve* ; Constriction, Pathologic ; Diagnosis ; Echocardiography ; Endocarditis* ; Humans