STATEMENT OF PROBLEM: Ceramic and composite resin have been used to fulfill the demand for esthetic prosthesis. However, ceramic is easy to break and wears off the opposite natural teeth. Conventional composite resin also has low abrasive resistance and color stability. Ceramic Optimized Polymer (ceromer) was developed in mid-1990s to overcome the shortfalls of ceramic and composite resin. Ceromer has similar abrasiveness with the natural tooth and has relatively high strength. Color stability affects esthetics and long-term prognosis of the prosthesis. PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to compare color stability of ceromers(2 types : Artglass., Targis.) with ceramics(Vintage.-polishing, Vintage.-glazing). MATERIAL AND METHOD: The color difference(E*) was measured by spectrophotometer with different immersion time. Twenty disks, 3mm in thickness and 10mm in diameter, were fabricated for each specimen in shade A2(Vita Lumin shade guide). Specimens(5 samples in each group) were immersed in the food colorants(Red no.3, Yellow no.4, Blue no.1, Distilled water) for 24 hours, 48 hours and 72 hours respectively. L*, a* and b* value were measured with spectrophotometer (CM 503i : Minolta Co., Japan) and mean E* value was calculated for statistical analysis. RESULTS: The results of this study were obtained as follows. 1. The E* values of all test samples increased with the time of immersion. 2. The E* values of all materials increased in order of Distilled Water, Yellow no.4, Blue no.1 and Red no.3. There was significant difference between Red no.3 and the other food colorants(p<0.05). 3. The E* values increased in order of Vintage-glazing, Vintage-polishing, Artglass and Targis. There was significant difference between Vintage.-glazing and the other materials (p<0.05). CONCLUSION: By means of the above results, immersion time was found to be a critical factor for color stability of ceromer. For the long-term color stability of prosthesis it is recommended patients having ceromer prosthesis(Artglass., Targis.) to reduce the habitual intake of Red no.3 colorants con taining foods.
Ceramics ; Esthetics ; Food Coloring Agents* ; Humans ; Immersion ; Polymers ; Prognosis ; Prostheses and Implants ; Tooth ; Water

STATEMENT OF PROBLEM: Among the physical properties of adhesion luting cement, the aspect that requires the most important factor is the degree of solubility and water sorption. Dissolution or an inadequate due to excessive water sorption inside the oral cavity compromises the while concurrently increasing the susceptibility to secondary dental caries. Susceptibility to dissolution and difficulty of removing remnant cement from the gingival sulcus have hindered the use of dental resin cement in the clinical practice, but the improved characteristics of newer generation resin cements have interest in and enabled resin cements to be widely used in adhesion of fixed prosthesis, such as laminate veneers and all-ceramic crowns. PURPOSE: The purpose of this study is to compare and analyze the degrees of solubility and water sorption of a variety of resin cements widely used for clinical purposes with different curing methods. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Self-curing resin cements, Avanto(R), CandB(TM) CEMENT and Superbond CandB cements comprised group 1, 2 and 3. The dual-curing resin cements Panavia(TM) F, Calibra(R) and Variolink(R) II were divided into groups 4, 5, and 6, respectively. The investigation was carried out using disc-shaped specimens as specified by ANSI/ADA Specification No. 27. The degree of water sorption, water solubility and lactic acid solubility of each test group was analyzed statistically leading to the following conclusion. RESULTS: The degree of water sorption was shown to increase in the following order : group 6, 5, 4, 2, 1 and 3. There were significant differences between the water sorption of each group. Results of the degree of water solubility were shown to increase in the following order : group 6, 5, 4, 2, 1 and 3. Statistically significant differences were found between each group, with the exception of groups 1 and 3. Finally, the degree of lactic acid solubility was found to increase in the following order : group 6, 5, 4, 2, 3 and 1. Significant differences were found between each group. In general dual-curing resin cements displayed substantially lower values than self-curing resin cements with regard to water sorption, water solubility, and lactic acid solubility. CONCLUSIONS: From the results of this study, dual-curing resin cements show a significantly lower degree of water sorption and solubility than their self-curing counterparts. Clinically, when selecting resin cements, the product with a lower degree of water sorption and solubility are preferred. The results of this study indicate that the use-of dual-curing resin cements is preferable to self-curing cements.
Crowns ; Dental Caries ; Fibrinogen ; Lactic Acid ; Mouth ; Prostheses and Implants ; Resin Cements* ; Resins, Synthetic ; Solubility* ; Water*

PURPOSE: To evaluate the outcome of ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) patients who underwent surgery followed by radiation therapy (RT). MATERIALS AND METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed 106 DCIS patients who underwent surgery followed by postoperative RT between 1994 and 2006. Ninety-four patients underwent breast-conserving surgery, and mastectomy was performed in 12 patients due to extensive DCIS. Postoperative RT was delivered to whole breast with 50.4 Gy/28 fx. Tumor bed boost was offered to 7 patients (6.6%). Patients with hormonal receptor-positive tumors were treated with hormonal therapy. RESULTS: The median follow-up duration was 83.4 months (range, 33.4 to 191.5 months) and the median age was 47.8 years. Ten patients (9.4%) had resection margin <1 mm and high-grade and estrogen receptor-negative tumors were observed in 39 (36.8%) and 20 (18.9%) patients, respectively. The 7-year ipsilateral breast tumor recurrence (IBTR)-free survival rate was 95.3%. Resection margin (<1 or > or =1 mm) was the significant prognostic factor for IBTR in univariate and multivariate analyses (p < 0.001 and p = 0.016, respectively). CONCLUSION: Postoperative RT for DCIS can achieve favorable treatment outcome. Resection margin was the important prognostic factor for IBTR in the DCIS patients who underwent postoperative RT.
Breast ; Breast Neoplasms ; Carcinoma, Ductal* ; Carcinoma, Intraductal, Noninfiltrating* ; Estrogens ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Mastectomy ; Mastectomy, Segmental ; Multivariate Analysis ; Recurrence ; Retrospective Studies ; Survival Rate ; Treatment Outcome*

OBJECTIVE: Malignant meningiomas are rare and have worse prognosis than benign meningiomas. We report our experience of a malignant meningioma and review relevant literature in an attempt to investigate the clinical features, treatment, and prognosis of these tumors. METHODS: Fifteen patients underwent surgical treatment for intracranial malignant meningiomas between year 1990 and 2012 in our institution. Anaplastic meningiomas were diagnosed in thirteen cases and papillary meningiomas in two. Fourteen patients (93.3%) received radiotherapy after surgical resection. All patients were followed regularly including clinical-neurological follow-up as well as magnetic resonance imaging. Progression was determined radiographically when there was more than 10% of mass volume increase or when there were onset or worsening of neurological symptoms not attributable to other causes. RESULTS: Six patients were male and nine were women, and their mean age was 56.9 years (range 36-78). The median follow-up was 54 months (range 3-246). According to our study result, the 5-year progression free survival rate of malignant meningiomas was 53.6%. There were 2 cases (13.3%) of postoperative complications. Recurrences were confirmed in 4 patients (26.7%) during follow-up, the median recurrence time was 35 months (range 12-61), and further procedures were performed. Two of the recurred patients were treated with radiosurgery after secondary tumor resection, and other two patients were treated with radiosurgery alone. There was no more recurred disease patients in the follow-up period after then. CONCLUSION: We report the outcomes of the aggressive surgery with radiation of malignant meningiomas. Although the data is limited, we found that radiosurgery treatment had favorable tumor control on recurred patients from our experience.
Disease-Free Survival ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Male ; Meningioma* ; Postoperative Complications ; Prognosis ; Radiosurgery ; Radiotherapy ; Recurrence

BACKGROUND: Atopic dermatitis is reported to have recently increased, but it is difficult to systematically perform epidemiologic studies of atopic dermatitis. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of the present study was to create a diagnostic questionnaire for epidemiologic studies of childhood and adult atopic dermatitis in Korea. METHODS: We made up the items that were necessary for the diagnosis of atopic dermatitis in Korea on the basis of Hanifin and Rajka's guidelines and the published Korean journals. We established the diagnostic questionnaire for the epidemiologic studies of childhood and adult atopic dermatitis in Korea. RESULTS: A total of 19 questions were selected for the diagnostic questionnaire. Among them, 4 questions are related to the major diagnostic criteria for atopic dermatitis, and 15 questions are related to the minor diagnostic criteria for atopic dermatitis. CONCLUSION: We propose that this diagnostic questionnaire would be an efficient and convenient method to perform epidemiologic studies on childhood and adult atopic dermatitis in Korea.
Adult ; Dermatitis, Atopic ; Epidemiologic Studies ; Humans ; Korea

Folliculosebaceous cystic hamartoma is a rare cutaneous hamartoma comprised of follicular, sebaceous, and mesenchymal elements. It usually presents as an exophytic papule or nodule on the central part of the face. The histological findings are intradermal cystic structures lined by infundibular epithelium, numerous sebaceous lobules radiating from cystic structures and a surrounding stroma composed of mesenchymal changes, including variable proportions of fibrous, adipose, vascular and neural tissues. We herein report a case of folliculosebaceous cystic hamartoma in a 73-year-old man who presented with a skin-colored, dome-shaped papule on the right nasal ala.
Aged ; Epithelium ; Hamartoma* ; Humans

As a cause of spinal cord compression, intramedullary spinal tuberculoma with central nervous system (CNS) involvement is rare. Aurthors report a 66-year-old female presented with multiple CNS tuberculomas including spinal intramedullary tuberculoma manifesting paraparesis and urinary dysfunction. We review the clinical menifestation and experiences of previous reported literature.
Aged ; Central Nervous System ; Female ; Humans ; Paraparesis ; Spinal Cord Compression ; Tuberculoma ; Tuberculoma, Intracranial ; Tuberculosis

OBJECTIVE: The goal of this study is to assess the relationship between stress coping mechanisms and the risk of atherosclerosis in patients with Hwa-Byung. METHODS: The Korean version of the Ways of Coping Checklist (WOCC) was administered to 50 patients with Hwa-Byung (49.1+/-10.1 years, 6 males). Brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV) and serum cholesterol level were assessed in all participants. RESULTS: After controlling for age, sex, diagnosis of hypertension, Body Mass Index (BMI), and serum cholesterol level, the score of seeking social support in coping strategies was negatively correlated with right and left baPWV (r=-0.356, p=0.016; r=-0.373, p=0.012, respectively). In addition, the score of active coping mechanism was negatively correlated with both sides of baPWV (r=-0.383, p=0.009; r=-0.389, p=0.008, respectively). CONCLUSION: The seeking social support and active coping mechanism were inversely related to the severity of arterial stiffness in Hwa-Byung patients. Therefore, our result may suggest a possibility that coping strategies in Hwa-Byung patients are associated with the risk of atherosclerosis.
Atherosclerosis ; Body Mass Index ; Checklist ; Cholesterol ; Humans ; Hypertension ; Pulse Wave Analysis ; Vascular Stiffness

OBJECTIVE: The goal of this study is to assess the relationship between stress coping mechanisms and the risk of atherosclerosis in patients with Hwa-Byung. METHODS: The Korean version of the Ways of Coping Checklist (WOCC) was administered to 50 patients with Hwa-Byung (49.1+/-10.1 years, 6 males). Brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV) and serum cholesterol level were assessed in all participants. RESULTS: After controlling for age, sex, diagnosis of hypertension, Body Mass Index (BMI), and serum cholesterol level, the score of seeking social support in coping strategies was negatively correlated with right and left baPWV (r=-0.356, p=0.016; r=-0.373, p=0.012, respectively). In addition, the score of active coping mechanism was negatively correlated with both sides of baPWV (r=-0.383, p=0.009; r=-0.389, p=0.008, respectively). CONCLUSION: The seeking social support and active coping mechanism were inversely related to the severity of arterial stiffness in Hwa-Byung patients. Therefore, our result may suggest a possibility that coping strategies in Hwa-Byung patients are associated with the risk of atherosclerosis.
Atherosclerosis ; Body Mass Index ; Checklist ; Cholesterol ; Humans ; Hypertension ; Pulse Wave Analysis ; Vascular Stiffness

Antral web is a rare cause of gastric outlet obstruction in neonate. It is a 2-4 mm thin mucous membrane that can be found anywhere from 1 to 7 cm proximal to the pylorus. The baby was born at gestational age of 32(+1) weeks with 1,880 g as 2nd baby of dizygotic twin. After birth, the baby had constant non-bilious vomiting without feeding while he didn't show abdominal distension or discoloration. The infantogram showed distended stomach with distal small bowel gas. Upper gastrointestinal series revealed that the antrum was abruptly narrowed at 1 cm proximal to pylorus. We performed laparotomy at the 10th day after birth and excised the 2 mm-thick web circumferentially. He began milk feeding after 6 days and discharged uneventfully at postoperative 35 days with corrected age of 38(+4) weeks with body weight 2,420 g. The antral web should be considered in the case of non-bilious vomiting in neonate.
Body Weight ; Carbamates ; Gastric Outlet Obstruction ; Gestational Age ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Laparotomy ; Milk ; Mucous Membrane ; Organometallic Compounds ; Parturition ; Pylorus ; Stomach ; Twins, Dizygotic ; Vomiting