INTRODUCTION: REM sleep which shows characteristic muscle atonia and increased resistance of upper respiratory track is known to be vulnerable to sleep apnea. Previous studies reported that REM sleep-dependent (or related) obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (REM-dependent OSA) could be one of sleep disordered breathing. The present study aimed to investigate clinical findings and polysomnographic variables of REM-dependent OSA. METHODS: Fifty-six patients diagnosed with mild to moderate obstructive sleep apnea by overnight polysomnography (52. We compared clinical and polysomnographic findings between REM-dependent OSA and No REM-dependent OSA patients. RESULTS: Among 56 patients, 37.5% (n=21, average age of 52.3+/-19.7 years, 14 males) met the REM-dependent OSA criteria. There were no significant differences in age, sex and body mass index between two groups. After controlling for age, sex, body mass index and periodic leg movements index, REM-dependent OSA patients showed significantly lower AHI, lower number of oxygen desaturation events and higher stage 2 sleep proportion compared to No REM-dependent OSA patients (p=0.010, p=0.006, p=0.031, respectively). After controlling for age, sex, body mass index and periodic legs movements index, AHI-REM was positively correlated with the number of oxygen desaturation events in REM-dependent OSA group (p=0.002). CONCLUSION: Current results suggested that 37.5% of patients with mild to moderate severity of obstructive sleep apnea could be classified into REM-dependent OSA. REM-dependent OSA was more common in mild severity of OSA, equally prevalent in both sexes and accompanied with sleep architecture changes, i.e. increased proportion of stage 2. In addition, apneic events during REM sleep in REM-dependent OSA were related to oxygen desaturation.
Body Mass Index ; Humans ; Leg ; Muscles ; Oxygen ; Polysomnography ; Sleep Apnea Syndromes ; Sleep Apnea, Obstructive ; Sleep, REM ; Track and Field

No abstract available.
Adult* ; Humans ; Liver* ; Sarcoma*

Glycogen storage diseases(GSD) are inherited disorders affecting glycogen metabolism and type I GSD is due to the absence or deficiency of glucose-6-phosphatase(G6Pase) enzyme in the liver, kidney, and intestinal mucosa. The defect leads to inadequate hepatic conversion of G6P to glucose and thus make affected individuals susceptible to fasting hypoglycemia, and the accumulation of glycogen occurs in the liver and other organs. Type Ia is the most common form of GSD and clinically growth retardation may manifest of GSD itself rather than growth hormone deficiency(GHD), but we experienced a case of type I GSD with GHD in a 14-year-o1d male. The height was 125 cm, compatible with 50 th percentile of height of 8 years of age. He has doll-like face with fat cheek, relatively thin extremities, and metabolic acidosis, hyperuricemia, hypoglycemia, hyperlipidemia. GH stimulation test with clonidine and L-dopa revealed that the patient had decreased GH secretion. After laboratory work up including liver biopsy, he was diagnosed as type I GSD. Hypoglycemia was managed with frequent feeding with high starch diet(uncooked cornstarch). Metabolic acidosis and hyperuricemia were treated with sodium bicarbonate, allopurinol and probenecid. The patient is being followed at out-patient clinic with clinical improvement after of diet therapy and GH administration.
Acidosis ; Allopurinol ; Biopsy ; Cheek ; Clonidine ; Diet Therapy ; Extremities ; Glucose ; Glycogen Storage Disease* ; Glycogen* ; Growth Hormone* ; Humans ; Hyperlipidemias ; Hyperuricemia ; Hypoglycemia ; Intestinal Mucosa ; Kidney ; Levodopa ; Liver ; Male ; Metabolism ; Outpatients ; Probenecid ; Sodium Bicarbonate ; Starch

No abstract available.
Hemorrhagic Fever with Renal Syndrome* ; Humans ; Proteinuria*

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to identify the impact that health motivation, stage of change and cardiac risk factors have on health behaviors in Korean patients with coronary artery disease(CAD) admitted to hospital. METHOD: The participants in this study were 127 patients with CAD hospitalized between May 2008 and July 2009. A structured questionnaire with personal interviews and chart reviews were used to collect data. Data were analyzed using the SPSS. RESULTS: Of the relatively significant factors, including a stage of change, self efficacy, modifiable risk factor score, and perceived barriers, stage of change was found to be the most significant predictor of health behavior in patients with CAD. These variables accounted for 48.2% of the variance in health behavior. CONCLUSION: The results of the study indicate the necessity of developing a cardiac rehabilitation program for use in their daily lives after discharge from the hospital. Stage of change should be assessed for all patients with CAD being discharged from acute care hospitals.
Coronary Artery Disease ; Coronary Vessels ; Health Behavior ; Humans ; Motivation ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Risk Factors ; Self Efficacy

PURPOSE: The study was done to investigate male nurses' gender discrimination, person-organization fit, organization leader-member exchange, career plateau and retention intention and to identify factors affecting nurses' retention intention for these nurses. METHODS: A cross-sectional survey was conducted using self-report questionnaires. The participants were 144 male nurses working in hospitals and other health care facilities in Korea. Data were analyzed using hierarchial regression. RESULTS: The mean score was 5.40±1.61 (out of 8) for retention intention. Factors influencing retention intention were ‘married’ (β=.27, p<.001) and ‘employment career (3~5 yr)’ (β=-.24, p=.003) in model 1, ‘person-organization fit’ (β=.42, p<.001) in model 2, ‘content plateau’ (β=-.19, p=.020) in model 3. Person-organization fit was the most significant factor followed by content plateau, employment career and married state in that order. These factors explained 33.2% of the variance in retention intention (F=17.23, p<.001). CONCLUSION: Findings indicate that it is necessary to confirm that the male nurses are suitable for their organization and improve career development at 3~5 years of work experience as a retention strategy of male nurses.
Cross-Sectional Studies ; Delivery of Health Care* ; Discrimination (Psychology) ; Employment ; Humans ; Intention* ; Korea* ; Male* ; Nurses, Male*

OBJECTIVE: Few studies have evaluated the personality characteristics of patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and simple snoring. We investigated the personality characteristics of OSA and simple snoring patients and compared differences in personality between the two groups using the Eysenck Personality Questionnaire (EPQ). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Two hundred and thirty-seven patients who were suspected to have OSA or simple snoring participated in this study. A self-questionnaire which included the EPQ was administered to all participants. All subjects underwent polysomnography in a sleep laboratory and those with an apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) > or =5 were included in the OSA group, while those with an AHI <5 were included in the simple snoring group. RESULTS: OSA patients had significantly lower scores for Psychoticism (F=4.563, p=0.034) than simple snorers. There were no significant differences in Extraversion (F=3.029, p=0.083), Lie (F=0.398, p=0.529), or Neuroticism (F=3.367, p=0.068) scores between the two groups. In the correlation analysis of the OSA group, AHI was positively correlated with Extraversion score (r=0.16, p=0.029) and negatively correlated with Lie score (B=-0.31, p<0.001). Using multiple stepwise linear regression analysis with the four EPQ parameter scores as dependent variables, Lie score was associated with older age (B=0.14, p<0.001) and lower AHI (B=-0.05, p<0.001), Psychoticism score was associated with higher Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI ; B=0.14, p<0.001), Neuroticism score was associated with higher PSQI (B=0.34, p=0.001) and female sex (B=3.15, p=0.003), and Extraversion score was associated with younger age (B=-0.08, p=0.020) and higher body mass index (B=0.26, p=0.023). CONCLUSION: This study suggests that patients with OSA are significantly less prone to psychotic personality characteristics than those with simple snoring. Among OSA patients, higher AHI was correlated with low falsehood and high extraversion tendencies.
Body Mass Index ; Extraversion (Psychology) ; Female ; Humans ; Linear Models ; Polysomnography ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Sleep Apnea, Obstructive* ; Snoring*

OBJECTIVES: To compare the systematic evaluations in hospitalization of mildly preeclamptic women whose placental dysfunction was exacerbated with those whose placental dysfunction was not exacerbated. METHODS: There were seventy six mildly preeclamptic women after systematic evaluations in hospitalization, in which twenty eight women showed exacerbated placental dysfunction. Outcome markers considered suggestive of exacerbation of placental dysfunction included oligohydramnios (amniotic fluid index less than 5 cm), clinical diagnosis of intrapartum fetal distress and progression to severe preeclampsia. A clinical diagnosis of fetal distress was made when the monitoring revealed recurrent late, persistent tachycardia with loss of variability or prolonged decelerations. RESULTS: There were no significant differences in the amount of 24 hours urine protein, the concentrations in serum protein, creatinine, aspartate transaminase and alanine transaminase and hematocrit. But in exacerbated group, the concentrations of serum albumin and urine creatinine and creatinine clearance were significantly lower and the concentrations of serum uric acid and lactate dehydrogenase were significantly higher than not exacerbated group. CONCLUSION: In mildly preeclamptic women diagnosed after systematic evaluation in hospitalization, we must give attention to those whose concentrations of serum albumin and urine creatinine and creatinine clearance are low and concentrations of serum uric acid and lactate dehydrogenase are high.
Alanine Transaminase ; Aspartate Aminotransferases ; Creatinine ; Deceleration ; Diagnosis ; Female ; Fetal Distress ; Hematocrit ; Hospitalization* ; Humans ; L-Lactate Dehydrogenase ; Oligohydramnios ; Pre-Eclampsia ; Pregnancy ; Serum Albumin ; Tachycardia ; Uric Acid

No abstract available.
Endothelial Cells* ; Hantaan virus* ; Humans* ; Umbilical Veins*

OBJECTIVES: In HFRS, there is a varying degree of disseminated intravascular coagulation which was evident in the early phase of the illness. It is believed also that DIC would be the consequence, at least in part, of functional changes of endothelium resulting in kinin activation and clinical syndrome. This study investigated the role of adhesion molecule in the pathogenesis of Hantaan virus-related disease. METHODS: The expression of ICAM-1 antigen on the cell membrane of human umbilical vein endothelial cells was assessed by immunohistochemistry, and ICAM-1 mRNA in the endothelial cells was assessed by in situ hybridization after Hantaan virus infection (2.6 x 10(4) PFU/mL) with the time course. RESULTS: In immunohistochemistry, the number of ICAM-1 positive cells increased with time during the 12 or 24 hours after infection. 5 to 10% of HUVECs had been positive after 12-24 hours and the number of positive cells decreased abruptly after 24 hours. Hantaan antigen had been noticed after 12 hours focally on the HUVECs but continued to proliferate into day 7 post-infection when most of HUVECs were infected by Hantaan virus. In situ hybridization showed identical patterns of ICAM-1 mRNA expression after Hantaan virus infection. CONCLUSION: It implies that the Hantaan virus infection on HUVECs would express more ICAM-1 on their surface and implicated in the pathogenesis of early clinical syndrome of HFRS.
Cell Line ; Endothelium, Vascular/virology ; Endothelium, Vascular/immunology ; Gene Expression ; Hantaan Virus/pathogenicity* ; Hemorrhagic Fever with Renal Syndrome/immunology* ; Hemorrhagic Fever with Renal Syndrome/genetics ; Hemorrhagic Fever with Renal Syndrome/etiology ; Human ; Immunohistochemistry ; In Situ Hybridization ; Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1/metabolism* ; Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1/genetics* ; RNA, Messenger/metabolism ; RNA, Messenger/genetics