Objective To reveal the trend of change incidence of hepatitis A(HAV)in Shandong province and explore dynamic analysis methods.Method Dynamic analysis was made on data of hepatitis A in Shandong province from 1990 to 2006.Results The reported incidence of hepatitis A patients dropped from 53.97/100,000 to 1.14/100,000 in Shandong province from 1990 to 2006,which showed a marked downward trend;the groups under the age of 10 dropped from 55.60% to 5.12%,the average age of incidence moved from 14.40 years old to 40.19 years old.Conclusion The incidence of hepatitis A has been changed from prevalent to sporadic in Shandong province,and there was a further downward trend;the age of the high-risk population has been shifted to older age group;the sex ratio of incidence between males and females in the population above 10 years of age had an expansion trend,the age distribution curve differences between males and females was also expanded.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effect of butorphanol on postoperative catheter-related bladder discomfort(CRBD).METHODS: Sixty male cases(ASA grade Ⅰ～Ⅱ) undergoing epigastric surgery were randomly assigned to receive Butorphanol injection(n=30,trial group) or same volume of normal saline(n=30,control group) 45 min before the withdrawal of tracheal catheter.The prophylactic and analgesic effect of butorphanol on CRBD as well the adverse drug reactions such as nausea & vomiting,and dry mouth were observed.RESULTS: Both the incidence and severity of CRBD were lower in the trial group than in control group at each time point(P

Objective:To establish an in vitro model for the development of mouse spermatogenic cellsinto sperm by using the immunodefective mouse as the incubator.Methods:Tissue grafting was per-formed using testis from 1-2 days old Kun-ming mice as donor tissue and immunodefective mice as recipi-ents;the expression of TESK1 mRNA in grafts was determined by RT-PCR and the spermatogenesis fur-ther observed with histological analysis of grafts.Results:Molecular biological and histological analysesshowed that grafts post-grafting not only expressed TESK1 mRNA as in normal mouse testis,but also ex-hibited similarities in the structure of seminiferous tubules and component of spermatogenic cells,inclu-ding sperms.Conclusion:Spermatogenic cells heterotopically grafted in vitro could continuously growand complete spermatogenesis and finally develop into sperm.

Objective To optimize the solid-phase extraction method by comparison of the extraction recovery of docetaxel plas-ma samples.Methods After extracted by different solid-phase cartridges with water,acetonitrile,and different content methanol e-lution,the plasma samples were analyzed on an Phenomenex LUNA C18 column(4.6 mm×250 mm,5μm)with mehhanol:acetoni-trile:water(42∶26∶32,v/v/v)as the mobile phase.From the recovery achieved,the best solid phase cartridge was found.Results This method consists of using 60%-80% methanol for the elution.Among the three kinds of solid-phase being tested,Waters Oasis HLB cartridge was found to be the best one.Conclusion The average extraction recovery of the Waters Oasis HLB cartrid-ges was between 95%-105%,and it can be used in the analysis of docetaxel in plasma samples.

Objective:To investigate the effect of Luteolin on the degranulation function of RBL-2H3 mast cells and its mechanism of action.Methods:DNP-BSA-IgE was used to establish the sensitized cell model in RBL-2H3 cells.Cell viability was exa mined by MTT assay at different concentrations (5,15,25 μmol/L) of Luteolin pretreated RBL-2H3 cells.The effect of Luteolin on β-hexosa minidase(β-hex) and TNF-αwas evaluated by ELISA.The change of Ca2+influx was detected by Flou-4AM calcium ion fluorescent probe.The expression of AKT and P-AKT were detected by Western blot.Results:The sensitized cell model was established successfully .Cell viability had not significantly changes stimulated by different concentrations of Luteolin ,and a significantly inhibition role showed the release of β-hex and TNF-αfrom RBL-2H3 cells.The concentration of intracellular Ca 2+ was significantly decreased.However,the Western blot results showed that the level of Phosphorylation AKT was decreased .Conclusion: Luteolin suppress RBL-2H3 cell degranulation in dose dependence ,which may via impacting the Ca2+influx and the activity of AKT.

Esophageal cancer is a highly aggressive malignant tumor of the digestive tract. Despite the continuous development of sur-gical techniques and multidisciplinary treatments, the prognosis and overall survival of esophageal cancer patients is still poor. In re-cent years, the development of new molecular targeted therapy has become well advanced. Drugs that target tumor-related signal pathways and block the transmission of downstream signals can inhibit the growth and metastasis of tumor cells. Currently, esopha-geal cancer-targeted drugs are rarely approved officially. HER-2 inhibitor represents these types of drugs because of its positive expres-sion of metastatic adenocarcinoma. However, studies on the preparation of new drugs are not extensive. In this paper, the research progress of a new targeted therapy for metastatic esophageal cancer is reviewed.

OBJECTIVE:To study the feature of fungus infection and the drug susceptibility for the fungus in our hospital.METHODS:Fungi were cultured and isolated by routine procedure and identified by VITEK microbe automatic system.Drug susceptibility test was performed using Rosco paper disk diffusion and broth dilution method with NCCLS M27-A.RESULTS:519 strains of fungi were all Blastocystis,with Monilia albicans making up 70.3%.Mycostatin showed the highest susceptibility,followed by amphotericin B.Fluconazol and itraconazole showed poor susceptibility.CONCLUSION:The resistant strains to common antifungal drugs experienced an obvious increase in clinical practice;therefore,it is imperative to monitor the drug susceptibility of fungi.

The validity of moral education is the emphases and difficulty that current research and academic studies focus on.Taken the concept of validity as the basic point,this article analyzes the deep-seated reason why the medical ethics education loses its validity and discusses the rules to realize the validity of the medical ethics education from the aspects that the medical ethics education should return to real life,adapt to psychology laws and penetrate through the clinical stage.

OBJECTIVE:To explore the effect of health intervention on blood pressure,medication compliance and the quali-ty of life in elderly patients with hypertension. METHODS:64 elderly patients with hypertension were selected and randomly divid-ed into observation group and control group,with 32 cases in each group. Both groups were given Amlodipine besylate tablet 5 mg,qd. Control group received routine hypertension knowledge education and regular recheck by guidance. Observation group addi-tionally received health intervention on the basis of control group. The blood pressure control,cognitive level of patients to hyper-tension,medication compliance,the level of trust in physicians and quality score of life were compared between 2 groups before and after intervention. RESULTS:There was no statistical significance in systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure be-tween 2 groups before intervention (P>0.05). After intervention,systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure of 2 groups were decreased significantly,and the observation group was significantly lower than the control group,with statistical significance (P<0.05). There was no statistical significance in cognitive level of patients to hypertension,medication compliance,the level of trust in physicians and quality score of life between 2 groups before intervention (P>0.05). After intervention,the observation group was better than the control group in terms of cognitive level of patients to hypertension,medication compliance,the level of trust in physicians and quality score of life,with statistical significance(P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS:Health intervention can effec-tively improve the cognitive level of elderly patients with hypertension to hypertension,improve the medication compliance and the level of trust in physicians,control blood pressure and improve the quality of life.

With advances in complex network theory, the thinking and methods regarding complex systems have changed revolutionarily. Network biology and network pharmacology were built by applying network-based approaches in biomedical research. The cardiovascular system may be regarded as a complex network, and cardiovascular diseases may be taken as the damage of structure and function of the cardiovascular network. Although Chinese medicine (CM) is effective in treating cardiovascular diseases, its mechanisms are still unclear. With the guidance of complex network theory, network biology and network pharmacology, network-based approaches could be used in the study of CM in preventing and treating cardiovascular diseases. A new discipline-network cardiovasology of CM was, therefore, developed. In this paper, complex network theory, network biology and network pharmacology were introduced and the connotation of "disease-syndrome-formula-herb" was illustrated from the network angle. Network biology could be used to analyze cardiovascular diseases and syndromes and network pharmacology could be used to analyze CM formulas and herbs. The "network-network"-based approaches could provide a new view for elucidating the mechanisms of CM treatment.