Objective To identify the chemical components of traditional Chinese medicine by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry.Methods Chemical components of 86 traditional Chinese medicines were identified by two methods,observation group with LC-MS method and control group with traditional LC methods.The identification efficacy,accuracy,and identification time between two methods were compared. Results The excellent rate in observation group was 76.74% (66/86),the excellent and good rate was 90.70%(78/86),which were significantly higher than those in control group (P<0.05 ).83 kinds of traditional Chinese medicine were successfully identified in observation group,the success rate was 96.5 1%,significantly higher than control group(P<0.05).The identification tine,retention time after correction of errors in observation group were significantly less than control group(P<0.05 ).Conclusion LC-MS has high accuracy,short identification time and wide adaptation range in identification of chemical components of traditional Chinese medicine.

Child ; Early Diagnosis ; Hand, Foot and Mouth Disease ; diagnosis ; Humans

OBJECTIVE:To provide reference for the rational drug use and glycemic control for patients with type 2 diabetes. METHODS:160 patients with type 2 diabetes in 3 communities of Tianjin were divided into 2 groups based on the understanding of the diabetic knowledge,group A(86 cases)had understanding of diabetic knowledge and group B(74 cases)had no. They were carried on the questionnaire survey about the general information,medication and glycemic control. RESULTS:A total of 160 ques-tionnaires were conducted,and 160 were effective with the effective rate of 100%. The proportion of patients with highly educated (college or above)in group A was significantly higher than group B,low education(secondary or below)was significantly lower than group B(P<0.05). The proportion of patients with medicine background in group A was significantly higher than group B(P<0.05). There were no significant differences in the use ratio of different types of drugs for diabetes between group A and group B (P>0.05),however,the use ratio of self-purchase functional food in group A was 0,and group B(60.8%)was significantly high-er than group A(P<0.05). The recent self-test average blood glucose levels,the average blood glucose levels in the investigation day,the 2 h postprandial blood glucose and glycosylated hemoglobin levels in group A were significantly lower than group B(P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS:The medication and glycemic control of patients with type 2 diabetes is closely related to the understand-ing of glycemic knowledge. Therefore,propaganda and education of medication and related functional food for patients need to be strengthened to promote the rational medication.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Chilblains ; therapy ; Female ; Ginger ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Moxibustion ; Seasons ; Young Adult

Objective To explore if the expression of follicle-stimulating hormone ( FSH ) and its receptor ( FSHR) exist in the rat submandibular gland tissue , which may provide a theoretic evidence for further studying on adjusting function of the FSH in submaxillary gland .Methods Twenty normal SD rats , with a mean body weight of (200 ±20)g, were adopted to collect out the submandibular gland after abdominal cavity anesthesia .The method of in situ hybridization was employed on cellular localization of FSH and FSHR .RT-PCR was used to detect if FSH and its receptor mRNA exist in the rat submandibular gland .RNA was extracted from the submandibular gland , then FSH and the core cDNA of its receptor gene were obtained with reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and analyzed on its sequence . Results The epithelial cells of serous acinus and granular convoluted tubule in submaxillary gland of rats had FSH and FSHR mRNA hybridized signals , which were detected in cytoplasm with negative nuclei .Specific bands of FSH cDNA and FSHR cDNA were identical to be 193bp and 413bp respectively.Conclusion FSH and FSHR can be synthesized by the epithelial cells of serous acinus and granular convoluted tubule in submaxillary gland of rats , thus this study further proves that the submandibular gland is the target organ of FSH .

The launch of Expedition 1 to the International Space Station (ISS) opened a new era in the history of human space flight, so far fourteen Expeditions had been achieved. But the astronauts were exposed to abnormal environment such as microgravity, radiation, isolation, confinement, and misalignment of circadian rhythm during space flight. In order to reduce health risks incurred by living in space, the 59 projects have been or will be studied aboard ISS. Those researches has elucidated the rate of subregional bone loss and its recovery, characteristics of atrophy and reduced contraction function in antigravity skeletal muscle, decrease in spinal cord excitability, and relationship between reduced immune function and reactivation of some viruses. The psychological and behavior changes in a prolonged isolation and confinement condition, as well as the fast circadian rhythm inducing sleep disruption has been observed. It has been found exposure to radiation not only causing cataracts and cancers, but also damaging the reproductive organs and nervous system, and inducing genetic damage. The efficacy of countermeasures of medicine, nutrition and vibration have been validated aboard the ISS. The effective countermeasures on different systems were checked further. All of those studies and observations have made a solid foundation for developing novel countermeasures which will be more effective.

Objective To compare effects between laparoscopy and laparotomy for the treament of ovarian endometriosis cysts and to investigate the value of laparoscopy in the treatment of ovarian endometriosis cysts. Methods We retrospectively analyzed 144 cases of ovarian endometriosis cysts,92 of which underwent laparoscopic operations(Laparoscopic Group) and 52 of which received open operations(Open Group).All the cases were followed for 4 months ~ 5 years.Results The operation time,postoperative hospital stay,and intraoperative blood loss were 69?41.8 min,3.5?1.0 d,and 55?12.0 ml in the Laparoscopic Group,respectively,and 137?54.3 min,8.7?3.5 d,and 178?105.9 ml in the Open Group,respectively,with significant differences between the two groups(t=-8.402,-11.048,and-13.350;P=0.000).There was no significant difference in the rate of abdominal pain relief between the Laparoscopic Group(66.0%,35/53) and the Open Group(52.8%,19/36)(?~2=1.580,(P=0.209)).The recurrent rate was 19.6%(18/92) in the Laparoscopic Group and 19.2%(10/52) in the Open Group,without significant difference between the two groups(?~2=0.002,P=0.961). Conclusions Laparoscopic surgery gives similar efficacy to open surgery in the treatment of ovarian endometriosis cysts.Laparoscopic surgery can be used as the first choice in treating ovarian endometriosis cysts because of its minimally invasive characteristics.

Analysis of metabolic activities of cytochrome P450 isoenzyme is a crucial index to study drug/toxicant metabolism, drug-drug interaction, polymorphism and et al. Due to this practice, it is important to use the proper probe substrate and to conduct the experiment under optimal conditions. The validation information in literatures on the most common and newest in vitro probe substrates have been reviewed.

AIM: To establish the technique of precision-cut fibrotic liver slice (PCLS) and grope the optimal cultural conditions for researching the liver xenobiotic metabolism in vitro and the drug interaction. METHODS: Complex factors (higher fat diet, alcohol and CCl 4) were used to make the animal model of liver fibrosis. Fibrotic liver slices were prepared and cultivation system was established. Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) leakage, glutathione S-transferase (GST) activity and 3[4,5-Dimethythiazole-2-yl]-2,5- diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) reduction were chosen as indexes to assess the viability of the slice in different thickness, medium pH and cultural time. RESULTS: Rats were in earlier hepatic fibrosis after administration for 3 weeks. When the thickness of slices was 300 ?m and medium pH was 7.0, the LDH leakage, GST activity and MTT reduction could maintain on a steady level in 6 h. CONCLUSION: A 300 ?m of thickness, 7.0 of medium pH and 6 h of cultural time are the optimal slicing and culturing conditions for fibrotic liver slice.

Animals ; Birds ; Influenza A Virus, H5N1 Subtype ; Influenza in Birds ; virology