This article stated the status,major problems and methods in medical professional English teaching.The effective ways might be by means of training teachers,writing suitable textbooks,providing professional English speaking environment and improving model of teaching.

BACKGROUND: Allicin has been proved to influence the proliferation and apoptosis of LM-8 cells.OBJECTIVE: To study the effects of allicin on the expression of apoptosis protein Bcl-2 and Bax in C3H mouse osteosarcoma cell line LM-8, and the correlation of the morphological changes of LM-8 cells with the changes of Bcl-2 and Bax.DESIGN: Randomized grouping, non-blind, cell level, in vitro study.SETTING: The experiment was carded out from September 2006 to May 2007 at the Center Laboratory of Union Hospital,Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science & Technology.MATERIALS: Osteosarcoma cell line LM-8 was purchased from the Animal Center of the Fourth Military Medical University of Chinese PLA. Allicin presented by Wuhan Huihai Co., was a sulphide isolated from garlic corn. Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) from Dojindo Laboratories; Bcl-2 antibody, Bax antibody and SP immunohistochemistry kit from Fuzhou Maixin Biotech Co.METHODS: LM-8 cells were cultured in RPMI 1640 culture medium, then cell climbing films were made, and SP immunocyte-histochemistry was used to detect the expression of Bcl-2 and Bax protein. Inverted microscope was performed to observe the morphologic changes of LM-8 cells before and after adding with 5.0, 10.0 and 15.0 mg/L allicin. Serial subcultivated LM-8 cells were adjusted to 7.5× 107 L-1 in concentration, added to 96-pore culture plate, and treated with allicin at a serial concentration of 1.0, 5.0, 10.0 and 15.0 mg/L. Additionally blank culture medium pores without cells and allicin and pores without allicin were taken as control groups. The 96-pore culture plate was maintained for 24, 48 and 72 hours, and then fetched. CCK-8 was added to determine the optical density value. The inhibition rate of LM-8 cell growth was also calculated. LM-8 cells were treated with different concentrations of allicin (5.0, 10.0 and 15.0 rag/L) for 24, 48 and72 hours, and then we carried out an apoptosis analysis by flow cytometry.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Expression of Bcl-2 and Bax protein in LM-8 cells; cell morphous, cell proliferation,and cell apoptosis.RESULTS: ①Expression of Bcl-2 and Bax protein: Allicin could lower the expression of Bcl-2 protein and enhance the expression of Bax. The positive expression of Bcl-2, Bax and Bcl-2/Bax expression all showed significant differences compared with control group (P ＜ 0.01).②LM-8 cell morphous: LM-8 Cells treated with allicin presented typical apoptosis changes under microscope.③LM-8 cell proliferation: Allicin could inhibit the growth of osteosarcoma cell line LM-8, when concentration of allicin added from 1.0 mg/L to 15.0 mg/L, the inhibition rate of LM-8 cells at 72 hours increased from (23.87±3.26)% to (58.32±5.38)%, and 50% inhibiting concentration was 11.09 mg/L.④LM-8 cell apoptosis: After 72 hours with treatment of allicin of 5.0, 10.0 and 15.0 mg/L in concentration, apoptosis rate of LM-8 cells revealed a dose-dependent relationship (P ＜ 0.05).CONCLUSION: ①Allicin can inhibit the proliferation of LM-8 cells in a dose-time-dependent manner.②Allicin can induce the apoptosis of LM-8 cells in a dose-dependent manner.③Allicin can inhibit LM-8 cell proliferation and induce LM-8 cell apoptosis, which is related to down-regulate Bcl-2 protein expression and up-regulate Bax protein expression.

Objective To study the evaluation between the X-ray findings and ultrasound(US) manifestations of upper digestiveobstruction in infancy.Methods X-ray and US manifestations of 20 cases of infant with upper digestive obstruction proved by operationwere analysed respectively.Results In 20 cases,12 patients had pyloric stenosis,3 duodenal stresia,3 midgut malformation,2 hiatalhernia.Pyloric stenosis was diagnosed by X-ray in 11 cases,by US in 9,misdiagnosed by US in 1 case.Duodenal stresia was observed by X-ray and US in 2 cases separately,not observed by X-ray and US in 1 case separately.Midgut malformation was demonstrated by X-ray and US in 1 case separately,not demonstrated in 2 cases separately.Hiatal hernia was found by X-ray in 2 cases,misdiagnosed by US in 2 cases.Conclusion The two methods can't substitute with each other but complement.X-ray is better than US in the diagnosis of pyloric stenosis and hiatal hernia.US is better than X-ray in the diagnosis of midgut malformation.

Objective To investigate the value of detecting hepatitis B virus (HBV) YMDD variants by matrix-assisted laser de-sorption time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS). Methods The assay is based on polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplifica-tion and mass measurement of oligonucleotides containing sites of mutation of the YMDD motif. Result The MALDI-TOF MS-based genoty-ping assay was sufficiently sensitive to detect as few as 100 copies of HBV genome per milliliter of serum, and this method had superior spe-cificity for determining mixtures of wild-type and variant viruses. When sera of 40 patients were analyzed, the MALDI-TOF MS-based assay correctly identified known viral variants and additional viral quasi-species not detected by previous methods, as well as their'relative abun-dance. Conclusion The sensitivity, specificity and amenability to high-throughput analysis make MALDI-TOF MS-based assay suitable for mass screening of HBV infected patients who are receiving lamivudine.

Aim To observe the effects of activation of aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 ( ALDH2 ) by ethanol on testis injury of type 2 diabetic rats. Methods Type 2 diabetic rats model were established by high-fat diet combined with low-dose streptozotocin ( STZ ) injec-tions. After the success of modeling, the rats were ran-domly divided into 3 groups ( n =6 ): normal control group (NC), type 2 diabetes group (T2DM) and eth-anol+type 2 diabetes group (EtOH+T2DM). Rats of EtOH + T2DM were treated with low-dose ethanol, then rats of NC and T2 DM were given normal diet for 8 weeks. After 8 weeks, the levels of the fasting blood glucose ( FBG ) , glycosylated hemoglobin ( HbA1 c ) and testosterone were tested, and the ratio of testis weight to body weight ( TW/BW ) was calculated. Morphological changes of testis tissue were observed by optical microscope. The levels of ALDH2 mRNA and transforming growth factorβ1 ( TGF-β1 ) mRNA in tes-tis tissue were measured. The expression of TGF-β1 in testis tissue was observed by immunohistochemical stai-ning, then the positive rate of TGF-β1 was calculated. Results Compared with NC, the levels of FBG, HbA1 c and TW/BW increased significantly and the level of testosterone decreased significantly in T2DM. The morphological observation showed that some semi-niferous tubules atrophied, spermatogenic cells de-creased and arrangemented loosely, Leydig cells de-creased in testicular interstitial. The level of ALDH2 mRNA in testis tissue decreased significantly, and the level of TGF-β1 mRNA and the positive rate of TGF-β1 in testis tissue increased significantly. However, compared with T2DM, the levels of FBG, HbA1c and TW/BW decreased, and the level of testosterone in-creased and the damage of testis tissue was attenuated in EtOH+T2DM. The level of ALDH2 mRNA in testis tissue increased significantly, and the level TGF-β1 mRNA and the positive rate of TGF-β1 in testis tissue decreased significantly. Conclusion Activating AL-DH2 can protect testis in type 2 diabetic rats, which may be related to the downregulation of TGF-β1 ex-pression.

Objective To evaluate the effect and significance of apoptosis inducing factor (AIF) on promoting apoptosis of hypertrophic cardiomyocytes induced by hypoxia/reoxygenation. Methods Cardiomyocytes of neonatal Kunming strain rats were isolated and cultured. Cardiomyocyte hypertrophy was induced by angiotensinⅡ (0.1?mol/L for 12h), and the cells were cultured under the condition of hypoxia and reoxygenation. The cultured cardiomyocytes were then divided into seven groups: hypertrophic cardiomyocyte control (HC) group, hypoxia for 8h (H8h) group, hypoxia for 12h (H12h) group, hypoxia for 8h and reperfusion for 4h (H8h/R) group, hypoxia for 12h and reperfusion for 4h (H12h/R) group, hypoxia for 12h+siRNA transfection (H12h+siRNA) group, and hypoxia for 12h and reperfusion for 4h+siRNA transfection (H12h/R+siRNA) group. Cardiomyocytes were transfected with AIF siRNA. Apoptosis was detected with Hoechst 33258 staining. The AIF mRNA and protein expressions were detected by RT-PCR and Western blotting. Results The levels of AIF mRNA and protein expression were significantly higher in H8h group and H12h group (mRNA: 0.52?0.04, 0.85?0.10, respectively; protein: 2.07?0.15, 3.12?0.19, respectively) compared with that in HC group (mRNA: 0.29?0.08; protein: 1.00?0.04, P0.05). The percentage of apoptosis in H12h/R+siRNA group (24.90%?3.90%) was significant higher than that in H12h/R group (14.50%?1.32%, P

Aim Toinvestigatetheeffectofhigh,me-dium and low doses of Mahuang decoction on the re-lease amount of rat hippocampal neural transmitter (Glu,Gly,Asp,GABA),then compare Mahuang de-contion with ephedra alkaloids and ephedra.Methods Ratswererandomlydividedinto6groupsandgiven orally with Mahuang decoction of high dose (calculated by ephedra 4 g·kg-1 ),medium dose (calculated by ephedra 2 g·kg-1 ),low dose (calculated by ephedra 1 g · kg-1 ),ephedra (calculated by ephedra 2 g · kg-1 ),ephedra alkaloids (ephedrine 7 mg · kg-1 , pseudoephedrine 2. 4 mg · kg-1 , methylephedrine 1. 12 mg · kg-1 )and blank control group.Samples were obtained from the hippocampus of conscious rat by microdialysis sampling technique.The content of ami-no acid neurotransmitters in dialysates was detected u-sing the established HPLC-ECD with OPA pre-column derivationmethod.Results Fouraminoacidneuro-transmitters could be well separated in 28 min.High, medium and low doses of Mahuang decoction,ephedra and ephedra alkaloids significantly increased the con-tent of these four amino acid neurotransmitters,com-pared with blank control group (P<0. 05 ).Ephedra alkaloids significantly reduced the levels of inhibitoryamino acid neurotransmitters GABA and Gly in 90 min,compared with the medium dose of Mahuang de-coction.Excitatory neurotransmitters of ASP and Glu in hippocampus showed the trend of increase first and then decrease after oral administration of Mahuang de-coction and ephedra. The levels of Glu and Asp reached peaks from 90 min to 120 min after treatment with Mahuang decoction,and also increased along with dose increase of Mahuang decoction.In comparison with the medium dose of Mahuang decoction group,the level of Glu reached peak at 90 min and 150 min in ephedra alkaloids group and ephedra group respective-ly,and the content of Glu significantly increased at peaktime.Conclusions Increasedcontentofexcita-tory amino acid neurotransmitters (Asp and Glu ) shows positive correlation with the dose of Mahuang de-coction.Other components in Mahuang decoction in-hibits the up-regulation effect of ephedra and ephedra alkaloids on Glu,and promotes the up-regulation effect of ephedra alkaloids on GABA and Gly.

Objective To explore the best methods of catheterization in patients with neurogenic bladder using clean intermittent self-catheterization. Methods From December, 2014 to December, 2015, sixty patients with neurogenic bladder were equally divided into observation group who were taught the non-contact clean intermittent self-catheterization, and control group who were taught routine clean intermittent self-catheterization. Their materials, times to learn, and the incidence of catheter contamination and urinary tract infection were compared. Results The observation group mastered the catheterization in fewer times of learning than the control group (Z=-4.400, P<0.001). The incidence of catheter contamination (χ2=5.880, P=0.015) and urinary tract infection (χ2=4.043, P=0.044) were less in the observa-tion group than in the control group. Conclusion Non-contact clean intermittent catheterization is beneficial to manage neurogenic bladder.

Objective To evaluate of the clinical effect of triple arthrodesis and bone grafting combined with plat screw internal fixation for treatment of necrosis of talus. Methods The clinical data of 24 patients with necrosis of talus who were treated by triple arthrodesis and bone grafting combined with plat screw internal fixation from April 2011 to January 2015 in Xiangya Second Hospital of Central South Univer-sity were retrospectively analyzed. And the clinical effect were measured by AOFAS Ankle Hind-foot Scale System. Results The 24 patients were followed up for 26 months averagely (12~36 months). According to AOFAS Ankle Hind-foot Scale System, there were 4 cases of mod-erate and 20 cases of bad before treatment, and there were 18 cases of excellent, 4 cases of good, and 2 cases of moderate after the treat-ment. Conclusion It can achieve good clinical results in treatment of necrosis of talus through triple arthrodesis and bone grafting combined with plat screw internal fixation.

The connotations of "du-fu" and "Sanli" in "Sanli acupoint for du-fu diseases" are discussed in this paper, which can provide theoretical foundation for the clinical application of "Sanli acupoint for du-fu diseases". Based on ancient literature combined with related theories in the Huangdi Neijing (Yellow Emperor's Canon of Internal Classic), a deep discussion is performed through the relationship between Zusanli (ST 36) and stomach, indication and mechanism of Zusanli (ST 36) on du-fu diseases and comparison between Zusanli (ST 36) and Shousanli (LI 10). It is believed that "du" should be pronounced as "dŭ", meaning stomach, and it indicates that Zusanli (ST 36) is closely related to stomach and spleen when it is used for du-fu diseases; "fu" means abdomen area, including liver-gallbladder, spleen, stomach-intestine, kidney, uterus, triple energizer; "sanli' means exclusively the acupoint of Zusanli (ST 36).
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