The transdermal enhancement of ultrasound was discovered 50 years ago.The advantages of low-frequency ultrasound in enhancing the transdermal transport of molecule were discovered in 40 years' study.Because the cavitation is easier to happen in lower frequency ultrasound,the transdermal enhancement of low-frequency ultrasound is higher.The inertial cavitations near the surface of skin play important roles in the transdermal enhancement of low-frequency ultrasound.There are many studies about the effects of the parameters of ultrasound on the transdermal enhancement of low-frequency ultrasound,but there are fewer studies about the effects of other factors.The transdermal enhancement of low-frequency ultrasound has been used for transdermal drug delivery.There are many studies about the transdermal monitoring of glucose and other analytes using low-frequency ultrasound.Many opportunities and challenges lie ahead.

The obese children are increasing at a surprisingly high annual rate of 9.1 percent in China.Meanwhile children are lack of health consciousness and self-protection,thus obese children are more vulnerable towards obesity.Since parents are responsible for their children's daily lives and behaviors,the health education of obesity should be started with those parents with obese children.This paper calls to carry out health education aimed at parents of obese children through multiple means such as community health services,taking advantage of public media and establishing specific clubs,in order to effectively control the increase of obese children.

Objective To assess the prevalence,development and prognosis of thyroid disorders in adult healthy subjects aged over 60 years.Methods We performed a cross-sectional study in 1999 and a 5-year follow-up study in 2004.A total of 102 men and 147 women aged 60 to 88 years from rural communities in north China were studied.Serum thyrotropin(TSH),thyroid peroxidase antibody(TPOAb)and thyroglobulin antibody(TgAb)were determined by an immunochemiluminometry assay in all participants.Free triiodothyronine(FT_3)and free thyroxine(FT_4)were determined in subjects with abnormal TSH results.Results We dropped the reference range for TSH into 0.28~4.75 mU/L.The prevalence of thyroid dysfunction,positive TPOAb and TgAb was 10.84%,12.85%and 11.65%,respectively.six newly diagnosed patients were found in the follow-up study,3 cases(all women)with hypothyroidism and 3(all men)with hyperthyroidism.Conclusion The high prevalence of thyroid dysfunction in the elderly indicates screening is necessary.Most elderly patients with subclinical dysfunction can recover spontaneously.The strategy should be focused on whether we monitor these patients.

Objective In order to enhance the use-rate and avoid the harmness of AODAN4 electrosurgical generator,the principle and safe usage are introduces.Methods Two working modes and instructions were illustrated.Results AODAN4 electrosurgical generator is an all-purpose surgical equipment,which is especially suited for oral soft tissue.Conclusion AODAN4 electrosurgical unit is well worth using widely in clinic with many obvious advantages.

The importance and necessity of undergraduates participating in the training plan of the medical research was clarified.Based on the actual ability of students and the characteristic of experimental teaching plan,we think that combination of experimental teaching of small group with research training is a strategy for enhancing the ability of the medical undergraduates to do research.This proposal will speed up the medical educational goal by the activation of novel idea,the cultivation of innovatory thought and the enhancement of creative ability.

Objectiye To reveal epidemiology of malignant tumor in Quanzhou area of Fujian province. Methods Medical record of adults who received health check-up between 2006 and 2010 was collected to estimate the incidence of malignant tumor. Chi-square test was used for data analyses.Results Nearly 12 323 individuals received an annual health check-up during 2006 and 2010,177 of whom were found to have malignant tumors. The identification rate of malignant tumors was 2. 87‰ per year, and the most commonly seen cancer included liver cancer ( 42. 93% ), lung cancer ( 20. 90% ), oesophageal cancer (9. 03% ), cervical cancer ( 8.47% ) and gastric cancer (6. 78% ). Those of 60 to 70 years old showed the highest incidence of cancer. Conclusion Annual health check-up may be helpful to identify early-stage malignant tumors.

Objective To evaluate the value of the RIFLE criteria of acute kidney injury (AKI) for predicting the incidence and prognosis in critically ill patients and to identify the risk factors associated with the outcomes of those patients.Methods All ICU patients admitted over three years and 6-month period were retrospectively studied at Subei People's Hospital.Based on RIFLE criteria,AKI patients were diagnosed and classified into four groups:NAKI (non-AKI),R (risk),I (injury),F (failure)groups.Results (1) AKI occurred in 404 of the 2472 patients (16.3％) during their ICU stay.The mean age of the patients was (61.4 ± 17.4) years.Infectious disease,pulmonary disease,neurological disease and trauma were the major cause of AKI.(2) Mortality in the ICU was much higher in patients with AKI than in patients without AKI (47.3％ vs.23.0％,P ＜ 0.05).The mortality rate was 35.6％ in R group,48.9％ in I group and 60.6％ in F group.(3) The logistic regression suggested that MODS and septic shock were the independent risk factors of AKI,but continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) are the independent protective factor of AKI.Conclusions In these ICU patients,AKI is associated with increased hospital mortality.The RIFLE classification is a simple and useful diagnosis tool to detect and stratify the severity of AKI and aid in predicting outcome of patients.

Researches show that exosome can take park in the development and progression of breast cancer by means of mediating the intercellular communication,which can promote cancer metastasis and drug resistance,thus influencing the treatment effect of patients with cancers.Exosome is closely related with clinical stage and prognosis of breast cancer,which has a potential value in the early diagnosis and biological therapy of breast cancer and provides a new hope for the treatment of breast cancer.

OBJECTIVE To investigate the antimicrobial-resistant profile of aminoglycosides-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae isolated from Wenzhou.METHODS Between Jan 2006 and Sep 2007,non-replicate clinical isolates of K.pneumoniae were consecutively collected from inpatients in a teaching hospital in Wenzhou,China.Antibiotic susceptibility test was determined by the disc diffusion method recommended by CLSI.Sixty-four gentamicin-resistant isolates were investigated for the presence of ESBLs by the CLSI-recommended confirmatory tests.RESULTS Of the 64 gentamicin-resistant isolates,the resistant rates to ciprofloxacin,levofloxacin cefoxitin,tetracycline,trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole,ceftazidime and cefotaxime were 7.5%,29.7%,39.1%,85.9%,76.6%,67.2%,and 73.4%,respectively.All isolates were susceptible to imipenem.73.4% of gentamicin-resistant isolates produced ESBLs.CONCLUSIONS Gentamicin-resistant K.pneumoniae is multi-resistant to antibiotics.

Objective To explore the effect of collagen membrane combined with recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2(rhBMP-2) on periodontal tissue regeneration and repair in periodontal defect models of rats.Methods Eighteen male healthy Wistar rats,which were made experimental periodontal bone defects in the inferior incisors,were randomly divided into three groups:control group,collagen membrane group(Co),collagen membrane and rhBMP-2 group(Co/rhBMP-2).Two rats from each group were sacrificed at 4,6,8 weeks after operation.The mandibles were removed,and examined under light microscope.Results In Co/rhBMP-2 group: 4 weeks after operation,a large amount of bone formed in the defects;6 weeks later,new bone filled in the defects;8 weeks later,alveolar bone emerged,newly-formed periodontal ligament and cementum localized at the root edges,no gingival epithelium was observed.In Co group:4 weeks after operation,new bone formed at the edge of the defects;6 weeks later,a larger amount of bone and periost were observed;8 weeks later,a small amount of periodontal ligament and cementum localized at the root edges.In control group: 4 weeks after operation,there was a small amount of newly-formed bone at the edge of the defects;6 weeks later,collagen fibers were found at the edge of defects;8 weeks later,a small amount of periodontal tissue reached its original height and gingival epithelium proliferated obviously.Conclusion Collagen membrane combined with rhBMP-2 which has not only conductive effect but also effect of osteoinduction,can prevent the long-epithelium growing,maintain the growth gap,and promote periodontal tissue to regenerate.