To study the pharmacokinetics of ginsenosides Rg1 and its metabolites after iv and oral administration in Wistar rats, the LC-MS/MS method was selected to determine ginsenosides Rg1 and its metabolites in plasma and their pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated. After oral administration of ginsenosides Rg1 to rats, ginsenosides Rg1, Rh1, F1 and protopanaxatriol (Ppt) could be detected in plasma. Their Tmax were 0.92, 3.64, 5.17, and 7.30 h, respectively; MRT were 2.68, 5.06, 6.65, and 5.33 h, respectively; AUC(o-t), were 2 363.5, 4 185.5, 3 774.3, and 396.2 ng x mL(-1) x h, respectively. After iv administration of ginsenosides Rg1 to rats, ginsenosides Rg1, Rh1 and FI could be detected in plasma. Their T1/2betaS were 3.12, 5.87, and 6.87 h, respectively; MRTs were 1.92, 5.99, and 7.13 h, respectively; AUCo-tS were 1 454.7, 597.5, and 805.6 ng x mL(-1) x h, respectively. So, it can be concluded that after oral administration, the amounts of metabolites were higher than the prototype in vivo, and the distribution and elimination of the metabolites were relatively slow. After iv administration, the amount of prototype were higher than that of the metabolites in vivo, and the distribution and elimination of the metabolites were relatively slow.

Adult ; Aged ; Alveolar Ridge Augmentation ; methods ; Dental Implantation ; methods ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Maxillary Sinus ; surgery ; Middle Aged

OBJECTIVETo explore clinical characteristics and treatment of posterior Pilon fracture.

METHODSFrom January 2011 to January 2013,18 patients with posterior Pilon fracures were treated. Among them, 13 were male and 5 were female, aged from 22 to 63 years old, with an average age of 46. All the patients were closed fractures. Open reduction and internal fixation were performed after swelling subsided, lateral malleolous and posterior Pilon fracture were exposured through lateral approach on healthy side, plates were used to fixed,screws or small plates were used to fix the posterior prominence of medial malleolus after changed to supine position. AOFAS scoring were applied to evaulate clinical effects.

RESULTSAll patients were followed up with an average of 22(ranged, 12 to 48)months. All patients obtained satisfactory reset except one patient. All factures were recovered well with an average healing of 11 weeks. According to AOFAS score at the final following up, 7 cases were excellent,2 cases were moderate, and the total score was 86.8±9.2.

CONCLUSIONPosterior Pilon fracture is not rare in clinical, its mechanism of injury, traumatic anatomy, surgical procedure and prognosis are different from that of classical ankle fracture and Pilon fracture.

Adult ; Ankle Injuries ; surgery ; Female ; Fracture Fixation, Internal ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Retrospective Studies ; Tibial Fractures ; surgery ; Treatment Outcome ; Young Adult

Objective To investigate the effect of atorvastatin on vascular endothelial cell function and vasoactive substances in essential hypertensive patients without hyperlipemia. Methods Sixty-five essential hypertensive(EH) patients without hyperlipemia were enrolled and randomly divided into atorvastatin group and conventional treatment group(oral taken atorvastatin or placebo once every night in addition of routine antihypertensive drugs).Twenty five healthy subjects were also recruited as control.All cases were followed up for eight weeks.Serum cholesterol,nitric oxide(NO),emdothelin-1(ET-1),vonWillebrand-factor(vWF) levels were determined in each case.Flow-medizted dilation(FMD) was determined by high-resolution ultrasonography before and after eight weeks atorvastatin medication.Results (1)Before treatment,the FMD and NO levels of EH group were significantly lower than those of control group(P＜0.01),while the ET-1 and vWF levels of EH group were significantly higher than those of control group(P＜0.01);(2)In EH patients,the FMD and NO levels significantly increased after treatment and increased even more dramatically in atorvastatin group,when compared to conventional treatment group(Ps＜0.01);(3)In EH patients,the ET-1 and vWF levels significantly decreased after treatment and decreased even more dramatically in atorvastatin group,when compared to conventional treatment group(Ps＜0.01).Conclusion In patients of EH without hyperlipemia,atorvastatin can decrease plasma levels of ET-1,vWF,while increase plasma NO concentration and improve vascular endothelial function.

Objective To investigate the effects of stellate ganglion block (SGB) on erythrocyte immunity in patients with acute cerebral infarction.Methods Twenty-four patients (13 male, 11 female) who developed acute cerebral infarction for less than 3 days were randomly divided into 2 groups (n=12each): Group A receiving traditional treatment and Group B receiving traditional treatment + SGB.The patients ranged in age from 51 to 64 yr and weighed 52-71 kg. All patients received intravenous 5% glucose 25 ml plus citicoline sodium 1.0 g and sodium ozagrel injectio 250 ml daily for 10 days in addition to dehydration and effective control of complications and intracranial pressure. Group B received SGB on one side alternatively with 1% licocaine 10 mi once a day for 10 days. Fasting venous blood samples were taken in the early mornings of the day before treatment (baseline, T1 ) and the 1st, 5th and 10th day of treatment (T2-4) for determination of the plasma MDA concentration and SOD activity, erythrocyte C3b receptor rosette rate (RBC-C3bRR) and RBC immune complex rosette rate (RBC-ICR) and Ne+-K+-ATPase activity in erythrocyte membrane.Results The plasma MDA concentration and RBC-ICR were significantly decreased during treatment es compared with the baselines at T1 in both groups (P＜0.05 or 0.01), but were significantly lower in Group B than in Group A (P＜0.05 or 0.01 ).The activities of plasma SOD and Na+ -K+ -ATPase in erythrocyte membrane and RBC-C3bRR were significantly increased during treatment as compared with the baselines at T1 and were significantly higher in Group B than in Group A.Conclusion SGB combined with traditional treatment can increase the activities of plasma SOD and Na+ -K+ -ATPase in erythrocyte membrane, inhibit production of oxygen free radicals and enhance RBC immune function in patients with acute cerebral infarction.

AIM: To construct a subtracted cDNA library of differentially expressed genes in human unstable angina lymphocytes. METHODS: Suppression subtractive hybridizations (SSH) were performed between the patients with unstable angina pectoris and stable angina pectoris. Lymphocyte RNA, the obtained forward and reverse cDNA fragments were directly inserted into T/A cloning vector and transformed into E.coli JM 109 to construct a subtractive cDNA library. The inserting fragments were screened by blue and while blot screening and bacterium liqulid PCR. RESULTS: Each subtractive cDNA library contained more than 2000 positive bacteria clones. Most of them distributed between 200-600 bp inserts. CONCLUSION: The library is efficient and lays solid foundation for screening and cloning new and specific expressed genes in unstable angina lymphocyte RNA.

China ; epidemiology ; Humans ; Occupational Diseases ; epidemiology

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Child ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Postoperative Complications ; epidemiology ; Tracheostomy ; adverse effects ; Young Adult

Objective To study the anti-oxidative stress effects of benazepril and candesartan.Methods SHRs of 12 weeks old were given benazepril(10 mg/kg?d,n=9)or candesartan(4 mg/kg?d,n=9)or combina- tion(Ben:10 mg/kg?d+Can:4 mg/kg?d)for 12 weeks.The tail arterial pressure was measured every two weeks.At end of study,pathological changes in the thoracic aorta,activity of SOD,serum contents of NO and hydroxy radicals,plasma Ang Ⅱ and cGMP,eNOS and P22~(phox)protein expressions in aortic tunica intima were de- termined.Results The thoracic aorta wall was thickened markedly in SHRs,and blood pressure,hydroxy radi- cal,Ang Ⅱ and P22~(phox)protein expression were increased significantly,while the serum NO,level of cGMP and eNOS expression were decreased.Benazepril(Ben)or Candesartan(Can)inhibit the thickening of vessel wall, enhance the activity of SOD(Ben:68.7?2.1,Can:65.6?4.2 vs SHR:48.8?3.2 U/mL,P

Objective To explore the extent of lung injury induced by hyperoxia,and the activity of ubiquitin-proteasome pathway(UPP) in pathophysiological progress of lung tissue in early stages.Methods Adopted completely random design,20 SD rats were divided into hyperoxia group and air control group.For the air control group,the oxygen concentration exiting the cages was analyzed with oxygen monitor and oxygen concentration remained at 210 mL/L for 72 hours;while in the hyperoxia group,the condition changed into high-density oxygen(950 mL/L) for 72 hours to estimate the hyperoxia lung injury in rats model.The contents linked morphology as pathological classification in gross finding,pathological score of lung injury and the index of pneumonedema-the ratio of moist to dry weight of lungs were mea-sured.The expressions of ubiquitin protein and the activity of proteasome 20 S and the active statement of ubiquitin-proteasome pathway were detected by immunohistochemistry and Western blot methods.Results 1.The hyperoxia lung injury rat model was successfully duplicated.2.In hyperoxia group,pulmonary edema with increased ratio of moist to dry weight of lungs could be found(P=0).3.Macroscopic observation: bright red and full-stacked lung tissue,foliated or local hemorrhage on the surface,but little pleural effusion was observed in hyperoxia group.There was statistical significance of pathological classification in gross finding between hyperoxia group and air control group(P=0.005).Light microscope observation:swelled alveolar epithelium,widened alveoli wall,capillary engorgement and telangiectasis,obvious edema in interstitial tissue of pulmonary aveolus and alveolar space,increased inflammatory cells were observed in hyperoxia group.The findings of pathological score of lung injury indicated more serious injure than control group(P=0).4.The increased expression of ubiquitin protein in lung tissue was discoved by using immunohistochemistry and Western blot findings after hyperoxia exposure 72 hours.(P=0).5.The acti-vity of proteasomes 20 S in hyperoxia group was higher than that in control group(P=0).Conclusions The mainly pathological changes of lung are generated through hyperoxic exposure for 72 hours,including alveolar epithelial cell and vascular endothelial cell injury diffusely,inflammatory cell infiltration and pulmonary edema.Active the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway is connected with the pathophysiological process of lung injury in the initial stages of hyperoxia-exposure.