? AIM: To investigate the differences between synoptophore and triple prism strabismometry and its possible cause.?METHODS: There were 347 patients with horizontal concomitant strabismus involved, in which 76 patients were esotropia, 37 patients were male while 39 were female, with average age of 13. 27 ± 7. 77 years old. There were 271 patients with exotropia, 131 cases were male while 140 were female, with average age of 15. 43 ± 8. 42 years old. All the patients were examined by synoptophore and prism plus shaded strabismometry in a long distance of 6m. Datas were analyzed by SPSS 17. 0.?RESULTS:In the exotropia patients, the conversions of circular degree(°) and prism degree(△) were:1°=0. 29△ ~1. 78△, which was statistically significant with intermittent strabismus (P=0. 001). While in the esotropia patients, the conversions were:1°=2. 01△ ~2. 15△.?CONCLUSION: The diversity between the two methods is enlarged with the increase of squint angle for exotropia patients. While in esotropia patients, the diversity decreased with the increase of squint angle. Synoptophore equipped with +7. 00D, defects of the triple prism itself and proximal convergence during exam may be the reasons for the diversity.

BackgroundThe study of myopia development is always the hotspot worldwide. Recently,scientist found that some growth factor secreted by retinal nerve epithelium cells and retinal pigment epithelium(RPE)cells are associated with the development of myopia. Whenever, the absorption of RPE cells to different wave-length lights is different. ObjectiveThis study was to investigate the effects of different wave-lengths lights on the proliferation of human RPE cells, and explore the influence of different wave-lengths lights on RPE cells secreting hepatocyte growth factor(HGF) ,basic fibroblast growth factor(bFGF) and transforming growth factor-β(TGF-β).Methods The fourth to fifth passages of human embryonic RPE cells were exposed to blue light( λ =480 nm),red light( λ =775 nm) and white light. The cells of control group were harvested in normal condition. The proliferation and growth of RPE cells were assayed by MTT,and the ultrastructure of cells was examined under the transmission electron microscopy at 48 hours after light exposure of RPE cells. Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA) was adopted to determine the concentrations of HGF,bFGF and TGF-β in the culture medium in 12,24,48,72 hours. The expression of HGF mRNA in RPE cells was detected by RT-PCR. This study was approved by Ethic committee of Fudan University. ResultsThe A490 values of the cells exposed to blue light,red light,white light and white light were 0. 0218±0. 0014 ;0. 0353±0. 0025 ;0. 0371 ±0. 0024 and 0. 0445 +0. 0046 respectively with the significant difference among 4 groups ( F =12. 579, P＜0.05 ), and A490 value in blue light group, red light group were significantly lower than that of the control group ( t =2.043 ; t =2.024, P＜0.05 ). ELISA showed that the concentrations of HGF and TGF-β in culture medium were evidently elevated as the prolongation of light exposure in various light exposure groups in 72 hours(HGF) and 48 hours(TGF-β) compared with 12 hours with a predominating rise in the control group. The statistically significant differences were found in the concentrations of HGF and TGF-β between control group and blue light group or red light group in the( all P＜0. 05 ). The bFGF level was decreased with the time increase of various light exposure with the significant differences in 72 hours compared with 12 hours( P＜0.05 ). RT-PCR revealed the considerable difference about expression of HGF mRNA in RPE cells among these four groups( P＜0. 05 ), and the lest expression in HGF mRNA was in the blue light group compared with control group( t =3. 972,P＜0.05 ). Thinning of the chromatin, decreasing of organelle and loss of cellular membrane were seen in the blue light group, but no obvious change of ultrastructure of human embryo RPE cells was found in the ret and white light groups. ConclusionsThe irradiation of different wave-length light can effect the growth and proliferation and secretion of HGF,bFGF and TGFβ in human RPE cells in vitro,implying myopia formation is associated to exposure of different wave-length light.

A multiplex real-time PCR was developed to detect ctxA of Vibrio cholerae, gyrB and tdh of Vibrio parahaemolyticus simultaneously. The multiplex real-time PCR were evalidated by detection for the three genes in 47 toxigenic V. cholerae O1 and O139 strains (ctxA+; O1=3, O139=44), 25 non-toxigenic V. cholerae strains (ctxA-; O1=12, O139=6, non-O1 and non-O139=7), 116 V. parahaemolyticus strains with or without tdh (73 or 43) and 9 other bacteria strains. The specificity and sensitivity of the multiplex real-time PCR in detection for the ctxA and the tdh genes in the strains tested were both 100.0%, compared to the results by routine PCRs. In the detection for V. parahaemolyticus specific gyrB using the multiplex real-time PCR, all of 116 V. parahaemolyticus strains were positive, and 9 other strains and 72 V. cholerae strains were all negative. The multiplex real-time PCR is a sensitive, specific and quick assay not only for detecting virulence genes of V. cholerae and V. parahaemolyticus but also for identifying V. parahaemolyticus at species level. In addition, two real-time PCRs for detection of V. parahaemolyticus virulence genes trh1 and trh2 were also developed.

The tail suspension test (TST), forced swimming test (FST) and chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) model were used to evaluate the anti-depressant effect of supercritical CO2 extract from Compound Chaigui Fang (FFCGF). A nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR)-based metabonomics combined with multivariate statistical analysis was performed to explore the mechanism of FFCGF. Rats were conducted by CUMS procedure for 28 days and drugs were administrated at the same time. The body weight, sucrose preference, crossings and rearings in open-field tests were evaluated and the urine was collected simultaneously. The metabonomic profiles of rats' urine were analyzed by NMR and potential biomarkers were searched by multivariate statistical analysis. The results showed that administration of FFCGF significantly decreasing the immobility time in FST and TST and improving rats' body weight, sucrose preference, crossings and rearings in CUMS, which were indication that the anti-depressant effect of FFCGF was abvious. Significant differences in the metabolic profile of the CUMS treated group and the control group were observed, which were consistent with the results of behavioral tests. Decreased levels of acetic acid, succinic acid, 2-oxidation glutaric acid and citric acid and increased glycine and pyruvic acid in urine were significantly affected by the CUMS procedure and the 6 biomarkers were reversed evidently after administration of FFCGF. These changes were suggestion that the anti-depressant mechanism of FFCGF was associated with energy metabolism, lipid metabolism and amino acid metabolism.
Animals ; Antidepressive Agents ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; pharmacology ; therapeutic use ; Behavior, Animal ; drug effects ; Body Weight ; Carbon Dioxide ; chemistry ; Depression ; drug therapy ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; pharmacology ; therapeutic use ; Male ; Mice

Biopsy, Fine-Needle ; Carcinoma ; diagnosis ; pathology ; surgery ; Carcinoma, Medullary ; diagnosis ; pathology ; surgery ; Carcinoma, Papillary ; diagnosis ; pathology ; surgery ; Carcinoma, Papillary, Follicular ; diagnosis ; pathology ; surgery ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Goiter, Nodular ; diagnosis ; pathology ; therapy ; Hashimoto Disease ; diagnosis ; pathology ; therapy ; Humans ; Lymphoma ; diagnosis ; pathology ; surgery ; Thyroid Nodule ; pathology ; surgery ; Thyroidectomy

Pseudomonas sp. ZD8 isolated from contaminated soil was immobilized with platane wood chips to produce packing materials for a novel biofilter system utilized to control restaurant emissions. The effects of operational parameters including retention time, temperature, and inlet gas concentration on the removal efficiency and elimination capacity were evaluated. Criteria necessary for a scale-up design of the biofilter was established. High and satisfactory level of rapeseed oil smoke removal efficiency was maintained during operation and the optimal retention time was found to be 18 s corresponding to smoke removal efficiency greater than 97%. The optimal inlet rapeseed oil smoke loading was 120 mg/(m(3) x h) at the upper end of the linear correlation between inlet loading and elimination capacity.
Air Pollutants ; isolation & purification ; Biodegradation, Environmental ; Cells, Immobilized ; Filtration ; instrumentation ; methods ; Microscopy, Electron, Scanning ; Oils ; metabolism ; Pseudomonas ; metabolism ; ultrastructure ; Restaurants ; Smoke ; Temperature ; Time Factors ; Waste Management ; instrumentation ; methods

BackgroundHuman retinal gliocytes play an important role in proliferative diseases,which are the basis of in vitro studies.Researchers have cultured human retinal gliocytes in the past.In our study,we found that the cells we cultured presented a unique shape different from those by other researchers.ObjectiveThis study was to design to produce a new culture and purification method for retinal gliocyte in vitro.Methods Retinal tissue was isolated from human eyeballs and digested using the two-step digestion method (2％ pancreatin and 0.133％collagenase Ⅵ) to harvest the retinal glio cytes.The cells were collected and cultured in endothelial cell-targeted nutrient culture containing 10％ fetal calf serum and supplemented with β-endothelial cell growth factor (ECGF) and sodium heparin,and the culture dishes were coated with fibronectin(FN) to promote the attachment of retinal gliocyte.During the culturing process,the gliocytes were identified by the observation of morphological characteristic and regular histological examination.The identification of the cells also was performed by immunochemistry targeting glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP),Vimentin,neuron specific enolase ( NSE ),S-100,CD34,and Ⅷ factor.Results Retinal gliocytes were isolated successfully from the human retina by the two-step digestion method.Primary cultured cells attached after 72 hours and achieved confluency between day 9 and 10 that were aligned petaliform in shape.Regular histological examination after H&E staining showed blue cell nuclei and light red cytoplasm.The target cells presented with strong responses for GFAP and Vimentin and no response for NSE,S-100,CD34 and Ⅷ factor.ConclusionsLarge amount of purified human retinal gliocytes can be obtained by two-step digestion and cultured in endothelial cells-targeted culture medium supplemented with β-ECGF and sodium heparin in plates coated with FN.The cultured cells expressed markers for retinal gliocytes.However,specific features of these cells remain to be further elucidated.

Objective To evaluate the prognostic value of serial 18F-fluorodeexyglucose (FDG) PET/CT in patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC).Methods Thirty-seven NPC patients who had 18F-FDG PET/CT scan before and after external beam intensity-modulated radiotherapy, were studied retrospectively.All patients were followed for five years.Correlation analysis between metabolic tumor volume (MTV)/uptake volume index (UVI) and survival was performed by Kaplan-Meier analysis, Log-rank test and multivariate Cox model.Results The 5-year overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS) rates were 70.3% (26/37) and 62.2% ( 23/37 ), respectively.Patients with a lower MTV (MTV＜30 cm3) had significantly higher 5-year OS ( 82.6% ( 19/23 ) ) and DFS (73.9% ( 17/23 )) rates than those with a higher MTV (OS:50.0% (7/14),x2 =5.28, P＜0.05; DFS:42.9% (6/14),x2 =4.84, P＜0.05).Patients with a lower UV1 (UVI＜150) had significantly higher 5-year OS( 87.5%( 21/24 )) and DFS (79.2% (19/24)) rates than those with a higher UVI (OS:38.5% (5/13),x2 =10.72, P＜0.01;DFS:30.8% (4/13), x2 =11.04, P＜0.01).Multivariate analysis showed that UVI and metabolic response (MR) were independent predictors of DFS.Conclusions Tumor volume parameters, UVI and MR, are independent prognostic factors for patients with NPC.Patients with a high UVI may benefit from more aggressive treatment.

OBJECTIVETo explore molecular controlling mechanism of mitochondrial injury induced by different density of microwave irradiation.

METHODSRats were exposed to microwave irradiation for 1 hour at average power density of 3 mW/cm(2) or 30 mW/cm(2). After microwave irradiation, the changes of pathological ultrastructure of rat cerebral cortex and hippocampus were observed by electron microscope, and mitochondrial transcription factor A (mtTFA) mRNA expression level were determined by RT-PCR.

RESULTSAfter 3 mW/cm(2) microwave irradiation for 0, 3, 24 h, mitochondrial ultrastructure and mtTFA mRNA expression level didn't significantly change in rat cerebral cortex and hippocampus. After 30 mW/cm(2) microwave irradiation for 0, 3, 24 h, mitochondrial ultrastructure obviously changed, mtTFA mRNA expression in rat hippocampus significantly increased by 67.00%, 80.00%, 30.00% respectively, and in rat cerebral cortex by 133.00%, 86.00%, 233.00% respectively. There were significant differences between the corresponding groups of hippocampus and cerebral cortex (P < 0.01).

CONCLUSIONNo obvious change in mitochondria was found after 3 mW/cm(2) microwave irradiation, but it was found after 30 mW/cm(2) microwave irradiation. Mitochondria injury in cerebral cortex was more severe than that in hippocampus. mtTFA mRNA may have certain regulation in mitochondrial energy metabolism.

Animals ; Cerebral Cortex ; metabolism ; radiation effects ; DNA-Binding Proteins ; genetics ; Hippocampus ; metabolism ; radiation effects ; Male ; Microscopy, Electron ; Microwaves ; adverse effects ; Mitochondria ; metabolism ; radiation effects ; ultrastructure ; Mitochondrial Proteins ; genetics ; Nuclear Proteins ; genetics ; RNA ; genetics ; metabolism ; RNA, Messenger ; genetics ; metabolism ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar ; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Transcription Factors ; genetics

OBJECTIVETo explore the relationship between differential activation of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signal transduction system and apoptosis in PC12 cells induced by electromagnetic irradiation.

METHODSCultured PC12 cells were exposed to 65 mW/cm(2) electromagnetic wave for 20 min. The PC12 cells apoptosis was detected by flow cytometry 0, 3, 12, 24 h after electromagnetic irradiation. The phosphorylations of ERK1/2, JNK and P38 MAPK were tested by Western-blot.

RESULTSElectromagnetic irradiation induced apoptosis in PC12 cells soon after irradiation. The apoptotic rate of PC12 cells increased to about 23.5% at 3 h. But compared with that at 3 h, there was no significant difference in the apoptotic rate at 12 h (P > 0.05). The apoptotic rate of PC12 cells increased sharply again at 24 h. After exposure to electromagnetic irradiation, the phosphorylations of ERK1/2 and JNK increased significantly. The increased phosphorylation of ERK1/2 lasted for 3 hours, but of JNK lasted for 12 hours, and 24 hours after irradiation. The phosphorylation of both ERK1/2 and JNK were significantly lower than that of control. The phosphorylation of P38 MAPK was always higher after electromagnetic irradiation, and there were two phosphorylation peaks at 3 h and 24 h.

CONCLUSIONThe electromagnetic irradiation can induce the activation of MAPK signal transduction system, and ERK1/2, JNK, P38 MAPK showed differential activation. The differential activation of MAPKs may play an important role in the apoptosis of PC12 cells induced by electromagnetic irradiation.

Animals ; Apoptosis ; radiation effects ; Blotting, Western ; Flow Cytometry ; MAP Kinase Kinase 4 ; metabolism ; physiology ; Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 3 ; metabolism ; physiology ; Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases ; metabolism ; physiology ; PC12 Cells ; Phosphorylation ; Rats ; Signal Transduction ; radiation effects ; p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases ; metabolism ; physiology