Thirty five samples of cows sera were assayed for human HBV serological marker with ELISA method. Sixteen samples were HBsAg and/or HBeAg positive,of which human HBV-like particles were found in 6 samples by immuno electron microscopic procedure. There were 1-3 precipitation lines between 5 concentrated samples and horse anti-HBs sera one of which fused with that of human HBsAg. In all the samples human sera polyalbumin receptor (PHSAR) was negative with ELISA method, and 32P-HBV DNA dot hibridization was also negative.

Renal interstitial fibrosis represents the final common pathway of all chronic disease.The mechanism of renal interstitial fibrosis is very complex.It is not entirely clear now.The study found that epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition plays an important role in the renal interstitial fibrosis.Inhibition of epithelial-tomesenchymal transition may help to slow down the development and progression of renal interstitial fibrosis.The article mainly reviews the mechanism and treatment of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition.

AIM: To study the adverse reactions of hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) in ophthalmology. 　METHODS: Thirty-nine patients treated with HCQ for more than six months were performed ophthalmic examinations including some specifie retinal function tests. 　RESULTS: There were 3 patients (8%) who presented the visual fields was minified. The visual acuity of one patient was decreased. The cumulative doses of HCQ were more than 100 g in this three patients. 　CONCLUSION: The adverse reactions of HCQ in ophthalmology are related with the cumulative doses of HCQ. The expression is that the visual fields and visual acuity are decreased.

Objective To explore the synchronous cosmetic surgical procedures for the beauty-seekers who have both single eyelid and commonly horizontal cockeye in order to acheive either time saving or beautifying. Methods Firstly, the distance of moving backwards and shortening length of the eye muscle were calculated and designed according to the degree of cockeye; secondly, the height of the double eyelids line and positioning were re-designed; then the moving backwards and shortening of the horizontal macula were put up to rectify the cockeye; finally, the incisal double eyelid operation was performed. Results All 25 patients with inner cockeyes were corrected at the right position; 4 of 11 patients with outer cockeyes were corrected 5～10 degrees over the right position, and others were at the right position. The single eyelid with thin-eyelid and middle-thick-eyelid restored within 3 months; but the patient with thick-eyelid restored slowly, about half a year in average. 2 patients with redundant skin at inner corner of eye were also corrected at the right position. Conclusions Although there is somewhat difficulty in the plastic surgery for patients with cockeye and single eyelids, synchronous operation can save time and outlay, and also acheive the aim of beautifying. Therefore, it is a good approach to deal with cockeye.

Objective To evaluate the utilization status of essential medicines at community health centers,and analyze problems existing in the stocking and application situation of such medicines,hence to provide references and suggestions for the implementation of the Essential Medicine System.Methods The investigation method was used to analyze the actual stocking situation of essential medicines at community health centers,and existing problems in implementing the Essential Medicine System.Results An average of 377 species of essential medicines were stocked by the community health institutions, accounting for 53.9% of Beijing Essential Medicine List,and average 61.6% of the total medicines in these institutions.There were insufficiencies existing both in the list and supplies of essential medicines. First-aid and low-price essential medicines are out of stock.Lack of confidence by some patients on the drug brands and their quality covered in the essential medicines.Conclusions The list and supplies of essential medicines could not meet the demand of patients at community health centers adequately.The method of evidence-based practice should be applied to each area in implementing of the Essential Medicine System.

Ginsenoside Rg1 ( Rg1 ) is a monomer isolated from ginseng, which has a variety of pharmacological activities. Rg1 can obviously regulate hematopoietic stem cells, mesenchymal stem cells, neural stem cells and endothelial progenitor cells proliferation, differentiation, aging, secretion and so on by mul-tiple mechanisms. Rg1 has important therapeutic effects on the reparation of tissues, organs damage and aging. This review de-scribes the current knowledge on the effects of Rg1 on the char-acteristics and functions of adult stem cells.

Objective To observe the clinical effect of hyaluronic acid on conception rate of ectopic pregnancy patients who received conservative tubal operation under laparoscopy.Methods 100 patients with ectopic pregnancy received conservative tubal operation under laparoscopy treatment were selected.Hyaluronic acid was used in 50 cases (the treatment group),unused anti blocking preparations for the control group in 50 cases.Then patients were followed up on the tubal patency,and observed pregnancy after 1 year.Results The rate of tubal patency after menstrual clean was 84％ in the treatment group,which was significantly higher than 60％ in the control group(x2 =7.155,P ＜ 0.05).In the treatment group,40 cases were intrauterine pregnancy,4 cases were ectopic pregnancy,6 cases were infertility.The rate of intrauterine pregnancy after 1 year was 80％ in the treatment group,which was significantly higher than 56％ in the control group(x2 =6.65,P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion Hyaluronic acid is effective in preventing tubal adhesion in the ectopic pregnancy patients who received laparoscopic conservative surgery,and can improve the postoperative tubal patency rate and conception rate.

OBJECTIVE:To study the current situation of development in personnel resources of licensed pharmacists of drug supply enterprises in China and the ways of development.METHODS:The existing problems in the development of per-sonnel resources of licensed pharmacists were analyzed through the ways of questionnaires and interviews.RESULTS&CONCLUSIONS:The drug supply enterprises lacked collocation and application rules of pharmacists and there lacked a system for employing,training,assessing and encouraging the licensed pharmacists.Furthermore,because of the inefficient policy,the supply-demand market of licensed pharmacists was unsatisfactory and the functions of the pharmacists were incomplete.Therefore,the practicing environment for the licensed pharmacists must be optimized.It is recommended that a perfect system of employment and assessment should be established;the full-time practice and the part-time practice should be allowed to coexist;the information network platform for supply-demand of the licensed pharmacists should be set up to improve the management as well as self-discipline function of licensed pharmacist association,better the further education system,and therefore promote the development of personnel resoures.

OBJECTIVE:To evolve the construction of laws®ulations of Chinese pharmaceutical care in drug?stores.METHODS:16sets of standardized documents were sorted and analyzed by a second order analytical method of litera?ture research.RESULTS&CONCLUSION:What Chinese pharmaceutical care of drugstores lacked were laws®ulations,the law order of the current laws®ulations need to be improved,meanwhile the contents of pharmaceutical care should be added to some regulations,and the guided regulations concerning the enforcement,checking and evaluation,monitoring and administration of pharmaceutical care items should be formulated,the pharmaceutical care work of Chinese drugstores should be promoted through the construction of legal system.

OBJECTIVE:To explore pharmacist's cognition on the factors affecting the drugstore-based pharmaceutical care(PC),and to discuss the relationship between the influencing factors and the influencing degree of these factors on pharmacists.METHODS:A questionnaire survey was carried out among pharmacists in drugstores in Xi'an city and a structural equation modeling(SEM)was formed to verify the factors affecting the drugstore-based PC.RESULTS:The questionnaire survey response rate was 84.7%(133/157).The data obtained fit the theoretical model satisfactorily.Partial of the hypotheses have been proved.CONCLUSIONS:According to SEM testing results,the development of trade were positively related to drugstore;drugstore has a direct positive impact on social evaluation,the practice of basic PC and advanced PC in drugstores;the quality of pharmacists has a direct positive impact on the social evaluation and the practice of advanced PC in drugstores.