Objective To explore the key points of injury mechanism of scaphoid fracture in forensic ex-pertise and to provide the references for forensic practices. Methods Forty-three cases of injury mecha-nismidentification of scaphoid fracture were selected from2007 to 2011 in Institute of Forensic Evi-dence, Chinese Criminal Police Academy. Following aspects were analyzed:missed diagnosis and misdi-agnosis at first visit, fracture classifications, accompanying injuries and mechanismof injury. Results The rates of missed diagnosis and misdiagnosis were high in the cases of scaphoid fractures, most common in the fracture of the waist. The disagreement on mechanismof injury was whether it was due to direct impact or indirect effect by falling. Conclusion wrist hyperextension due to fall with palmimpact on the ground was the main cause of scaphoid fracture.

0.05).CH with its high taking rate, very nice histological structures, low antigenic influence and easy preservation is a very valuable grafting material for myringoplasty.Its clinical uses are also discussed.

OBJECTIVE: To explore the key points of injury mechanism of scaphoid fracture in forensic expertise and to provide the references for forensic practices. METHODS: Forty-three cases of injury mechanism identification of scaphoid fracture were selected from 2007 to 2011 in Institute of Forensic Evidence, Chinese Criminal Police Academy. Following aspects were analyzed: missed diagnosis and misdiagnosis at first visit, fracture classifications, accompanying injuries and mechanism of injury. RESULTS: The rates of missed diagnosis and misdiagnosis were high in the cases of scaphoid fractures, most common in the fracture of the waist. The disagreement on mechanism of injury was whether it was due to direct impact or indirect effect by falling. CONCLUSION Wrist hyperextension due to fall with palm impact on the ground was the main cause of scaphoid fracture.
Diagnostic Errors ; Forensic Pathology ; Fractures, Bone ; Humans ; Scaphoid Bone/injuries* ; Wrist Injuries ; Wrist Joint

Objective:To investigate the effect of GRP94 gene expression down-regulation on the proliferation in human lung carcinoma A549 cells and possible mechanism.Methods:Expression of GRP94 was examined in 4 lung carcinoma cells and two lung bronchial epithelial cells by qRT-PCR and Western blot.Chemically synthesized siRNA targeting GRP94 gene and transfected into A549 cells used by Lipofectamine2000.The mRNA and protein expression levels of GRP94,c-myc and cyclinD1 were detected by qRT-PCR and Western blot.CCK8 assay and Colony formation assay were used to detect the effect of specific GRP94 siRNA on cell proliferation.Results:The levels of GRP94 expression in the four lung carcinoma cells were significantly higher than that in two lung bronchial epithelial cells (P<0.05).GRP94 siRNA significantly downregulated the levels of GRP94 mRNA and protein in A549 cells, and the downregulation evidently suppressed cell proliferation.However, The c-myc and cyclinD1 expression levels in A549 cells in siRNA-GRP94 group was significantly lower than that in siRNA-NC group (P<0.05).Conclusion:The levels of GRP94 expression in lung carcinoma cells were significantly higher than that in normal lung epithelial cells.Knockdown GRP94 expression significantly inhibit the level of lung carcinoma A549 cells proliferation,which may act via influencing the expression of c-myc,cyclinD1.

Objective:To evaluate the predictive value of 3 methods, namely plasma paraquat concentration, severity index of paraquat poisoning (SIPP), and acute physiology and chronic health evaluation (APACHE II) in severity evaluation and prognosis of acute paraquat poisoning. Methods:A total of 73 acute paraquat poisoning patients with oral administration were collected. Paraquat concentration in the plasma and other parameters on admission for SIPP and APACHE II were taken from medical records. According to the clinical outcome in the hospital or 7 days atfer the discharge, discrimination and calibration test were performed to evaluate the prognosis of the 3 methods. Results:Discrimination of the 3 methods was greater than 0.8, and the area under the receiver operator curve for SIPP (0.938) was greater than paraquat concentration in the plasma (0.857) and APACHE II (0.801) with statistical signiifcance (z=2.429, 2.021;P=0.015, 0.043). Difference in plasma paraquat concentration (0.857) and APACHE II (0.801) had no statistical signiifcance (z=0.755, P=0.450). Hosmer-Lemeshow good fit test suggested better calibration value with statistical signiifcance for the 3 methods (P>0.05). Conclusion:hTe 3 methods are valid in the severity evaluation and prognosis of acute paraquat poisoning. SIPP is the most preferred method, followed by paraquat concentration on admission. When there is no facility to measure paraqut concentration, APACHE II can be used as a reference for the death risk in acute paraquat poisoning.

Nine healthy adult cats were used in the investigation.Lumbar incision wasmade in one side and the coeliac ganglion was exposed under Nembutal anesthesia.One or two mg of HRP(Sigma Type Ⅵ)dissolved in 7 to 18 microlitres of distilled water was slowly injected into the ganglion via two or three insertions.Theleft coeliac ganglion was injected in four cats,the right in the other four,and theganglia of both sides were injected in the rest one.After a postoperative survivalof 4～5 days,the animals were perfused through the heart with 2% paraformalde-hyde and 1.25% glutaraldehyde in 0.1 M phosphate buffer(pH 7.4).Frozen serialsections(48 micra thick)of the postfixed spinal ganglia(C_3～L_7)were made andprocessed for the blue reaction using benzidine according to the Mesulam's eighthprocedure.The sections were counterstained with neutral red.HRP granules in the labelled cells in the spinal ganglia were discrete and easilyidentified under bright-field microscope,although the number of the granules variedfrom cell to cell.After the injection into the coeliac ganglia in ten sides,a totalnumber of 12,381 labelled cells were observed in the spinal ganglia.The greatermajority of them(more than 99%)were found ipsilateral to the side of injection.The labelled cells were found in the spinal ganglia from T_2 to L_2,but most of thesecells(78.1%)were distributed in the T_5 to T_9 segments.Furthermore,56.26% ofthe total number of them was situated at the level of T_(6～8),with the highest densityof the labelled cells in the seventh thoracic ganglion,constituting 22.19% of thetotal number.Although the number of labelled cells observed varied from case tocase,their percentage in the constitution of each ganglion in every case was similarto the general plan given above.There is no conspicuous difference between theleft and right sides in respect to the segmental distribution of labelled cells.Thelabelled cells were mainly of medium and small sizes.The larger cells,whichaccount for only 2.78% of all labelled cells,were very rare,and most of themwere found in the T_(5～9)spinal ganglia.The results of our investigation show that the visceral sensory fibers passingthrough the coeliac ganglion in one side come mostly from the ipsilateral spinalganglia T_5 to T_9.And about half of these fibers originate from T_6 to T_8 ganglia.Considering the fact that the greater majority of labelled cell bodies are of mediumor small size,it has been inferred that the fibers that arise from them are finemyelinated or unmyelinated and a part of them,at least,mediate the visceral pain.The labelled larger cells might be related to Pacinian corpuscles in the mesentery.It is difficult for the superior mesenteric ganglion to be separated from the coeliacganglion in cat;therefore,the labelled sensory neurons described above include,at least,a certain number of cell bodies of afferent fibers which traverse thesuperior mesenteric ganglion.

Twelve adult cats were used in our experiment.Under sodium pentobarbitalanesthesia one to two mg of HRP(Sigma Type Ⅵ),dissolved in 7 to 15 microlitresof distilled water,was slowly injected into the ganglion at two or three sites.Theleft coeliac ganglion was injected in seven cats,the right in other four and in oneboth sides were injected.After postoperative survival of 2～5 days,the animalswere perfused through the left ventricle with a mixture of 2% paraformaldehydeand 1.25% glutaraldehyde in 0.1 M phosphate buffer(pH 7.4).Serial frozen crosssections of the spinal cord were cut at 48 micra after postfixation and all sectionsof even numbers were selected and processed with the blue reaction according toMesulam's eighth procedure(1976)and counterstained with neutral red.The labelled cells were found in ipsilateral cord of the injected ganglion,andwere distributed in a transverse zone which may be divided into four nuclei:1.thenucleus intermediolateralis pars principalis(IL_p)2.the nucleus intermediolateralispars funicularis(IL_f)3.the nucleus intercalatus(IC)and 4.the nucleus interca-latus pars paraependymalis(IC_(pe)).The total number of the labelled cells in eachcase varies from 1,179 to 92.The segmental range of the labelled cells extendedfrom the T_1 to the L_1 segments in the longest and from the T_4 to the T_(10)or fromthe T_3 to T_9 segments in the shortest.The data were treated with the statisticalweighted method,and the result shows:about 69.93%?0.57 of the total labelledcells are located in the spinal segments from T_5 to T_8,and about 21.61%?0.52 inthe T_6 segment.The percentage of labelled cells in the four nuclei given above isas follows:IL_p:77%,IL_f:12%,IC:9% and IC_(pe):2%.Furthermore the majorityof labelled cells in IC and IC_(pe)were found in T_(5～8)segments,the greatest densityof them was in the T_6 segment of spinal cord.We found no obvious difference between the left and right in the pattern of thedistribution and the segmental arrangment of the labelled sympathetic preganglionicneurons.

OBJECTIVE The bibliometric index of papers published in Chinese Journal of Nosocomiology in sequential 11 years was analyzed by the citation method in order to get comprehensive understanding of the articles in academic quality and level.METHODS The cited articles in the journal were analyzed and evaluated using quantitative approach on the basis of the data searched from Chinese Medical Citation Index(CMCI) database developed by Medical Library of Chinese PLA.RESULTS The total cites,immediacy index and impact factors of the journal articles were turned to increase in years.Authors were widely distributed,however,mainly concentrated in Beijing,Shanghai,Guangzhou and some developed provinces as well as the affiliated hospitals of the large medical universities.CONCLUSIONS With comparatively high quality in articles which can fully reflect the scientific achievements and development in the field of nosocomial infections in China,the journal is evaluated as one of core journals in medical even in the whole scientific journal collections.

Objective To investigate the value of clinical application of interventional ultrasounography in the diagnosis and treatment of abdominal viscera cysts(AVCs). Methods (1)One hundred and three cases of AVCs were examined by percutaneous fine-needle aspiration biopsy(FNAB) guided by ultrasonnography;the cytologic results were compared with the pathological results after operation in 28 cases. (2) The AVCs were treated with injection of 99.5% ethanol after aspiration or draining with a tube gnided by ultrasounography. Results (1) The diagnosis rate in FNAB group(91.5%) was significantly higher than that in single ultrasounogrophy group(85.4%) (P

Objective:To establish a method for the detection of bacterial endotoxins in tertiary butyl alcohol. Methods:The in-terference experiment and bacterial endotoxins test for 3 batches of the products from 2 companies were carried out with tachypleus ame-bocyte lysate. Results:There was no interference in the bacterial endotoxins test. The limit of bacterial endotoxins was 0. 25 EU/ml. Conclusion:The established method of bacterial endotoxins test is feasible for tertiary butyl alcohol.