Objective To explore the role of endotoxin during hepatic ischemia reperfusion (HIR) in rats. Methods Wister rats were randomly divided into endotoxin, HIR and HIR plus endotoxin (HIRE) groups. In the HIR group, hepatic reperfusion was performed after 60 minutes of ischemia by interruption of the arterial and portal venous blood supply to the left lobes and middle lobes of the rat liver. In the HIRE group, LPS(1.0mg/kg) was injected via the dorsum vein of rat penis after ischemia and reperfusion. In the endotoxin group, LPS (1.0mg/kg) was injected via the dorsum vein of penis in the rats without ischemia and reperfusion. The NF-?B activities in the liver tissue of the rats were determined with EMSA. TNF-? expression levels in the liver tissue of the were measured with immunohistochemical staining. Serum ALT levels of the rats were also measured. Results NF-?B activity increased after reperfusion and remained high 12h after reperfusion in HIRE group compared with endotoxin group and HIR group. Both TNF-? expression levels and serum ALT levels increased markedly after reperfusion in HIRE group. Conclusion Endotoxin during HIR could induce hepatic injury. Endotoxin induced liver injury possibly by activating NF-?B followed by the subsequent expression of proinflammatory mediators in the liver tissue.

Because of the rapid action and high bioavailability, traditional Chinese medicine injections (TCMIs) had been widely used in clinical critical field. In recent years, with the increasing reports of clinical adverse reaction, more and more attention was paid to them, and acute allergic reaction was the main adverse reaction. Acute allergic reaction included type-I anaphylaxis reaction and anaphylactoid reaction, the latter had been found in a variety of TCMIs and accounted for 77% of adverse reaction. But the mechanism of anaphylactoid reaction was not completely understood, the standard animal model for TCMIs was not established, and the technical guidance for anaphylactoid reaction was not formulated. Thus the three aspects included mechanism, evaluation index and evaluation methods of TCMIs for anaphylactoid were reviewed. Five ways including direct stimulating pathway, complement pathway, coagulation pathway, kallikrein-kinin pathway and acute allergic pathway were the main mechanism of anaphylactoid reaction; whole animal model and cell model were the main evaluation methods; the occurrence index and effect index were reviewed for the evaluation index analysis.
Anaphylaxis ; chemically induced ; Animals ; Drug Hypersensitivity ; diagnosis ; etiology ; Humans ; Injections ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; adverse effects

Objective To explore the effect of NF-?B activation induced by lipopolysaccharide(LPS) in rat Kupffer cells(KCs). Methods KCs were divided randomly into three groups. A group was control group. KCs were co-cultured with LPS in B group. KCs were co-cultured with LPS and PDTC in C group. NF-?B activity of KCs was determined with EMSA. Content of I-?B protein in KCs was detected with western blot. Expression levels of TNF-? mRNA, IL-6 mRNA of KCs were measured with RT-PCR. Results LPS induced NF-?B activation of KCs, decreased I-?B content of KCs, and increased expression levels of TNF-? mRNA and IL-6 mRNA markedly. PDTC could diminish the above effects of LPS on KCs. Conclusions NF-?B activation induced by LPS may induce cell injury by promoting expressions of TNF-? mRNA and IL-6 mRNA in KCs. PDTC could decrease mRNA expression of proinflammatory mediators by suppressing excessive NF-?B activation in KCs.

Objective To develop a mobile application and to investigate the feasibility to support exercising in patients with chronic ob-structive pulmonary disease (COPD) in home. Methods TheCOPDmobile application include 6 function modules including exercising, exercising reminder, ranking, the basic knowledge of disease, exercising statistics and questionnaire collecting. 15 eligible patients with COPD were recruited in the outpatient departments of a tertiary hospital in Beijing by convenience sampling method from August to Decem-ber, 2015. They received Redmi 2a phones and were taught to use COPD application pre-installed in phones. They were asked to useCOPDapplication to support exercising at home for 1 month. Study outcomes included user satisfactions and exercising data. Results 14 (93.3%) patients thoughtCOPDapplications were helpful for exercising, 12 (80%) patients were satisfied withCOPDapplication. Some patients reported difficulty in manipulating smartphones and mobile applications. Some suggestions were put forward, such as, the stability and speed of data transmission should be improved and the sound of metronome should be increased. They exercised (44.6±8.4) minutes ev-ery day for (4.9±1.1) days per week in the latest 1 month. Conclusion Patients with COPD were highly satisfied withCOPDapplication.

AIM:To observe the influence of high expression of miR-15a-5p on the proliferation and migration of human hepatocellular carcinoma SMMC-7721 cells.METHODS: The miR-15a-5p oligonucleotide , which was recon-structed with additional restriction sites of EcoRⅠand HindⅢ, was chemically synthesized and confirmed by sequencing . The miR-15a-5p eukaryotic expression system was constructed by pcDNA 6.2-GW/Em-GFP-pre-miR-15a-5p plasmid.The miR-15a-5p was transfected into the SMMC-7721 cells transiently by plasmid , and quantified by quantitative real-time PCR at the mRNA level.The cell viability was measured by CCK-8 assay, and the living cell counting was performed by the method of Trypan blue exclusion .The migration ability of the SMMC-7721 cells with high expression of miR-15a-5p was de-tected by wound healing test .RESULTS: The sequence of miR-15a-5p oligonucleotide 100% matched the designed se-quence.Compared with control group , the miR-15a-5p expression was increased significantly (P<0.05).The viability, the living cell number and the migration ability of the SMMC-7721 cells were decreased in high expression of miR-15a-5p group with statistically significant difference (P<0.05).CONCLUSION: The abilities of proliferation and migration in human hepatocellular carcinoma SMMC-7721 cells are decreased by high expression of miR-15a-5p.

The anti-mutation effect of flesh of clam Merectix meretrix Linnaeus was studied . The increase in the rate of micronuclei of mice bone -marrow polychromatic erythrocytes induced by Cy (25 mg/kg X 2d, ip) or Ur (0. 5 g/kg X 4d , ip) was inhibited by decoctio of flesh of Meretrix merelrix Linnaeus (20g/kgX7d, ig).

Objective To observe the effects of bolus volume on pharyngeal and upper esophageal sphincter pressures and durations in healthy volunteers by using high-resolution manometry (HRM).Methods Twentyfour health subjects were recruited and asked to swallow three volumes of bolus (3 ml,5 ml and 10 ml) in the neutral head position.Pressure and duration measurements were acquired by utilizing a high-resolution solid-state manometer,with an emphasis on the hypopharynx and upper esophageal sphincter (UES).Variables including UES residual pressure,UES relaxation duration,maximum hypopharygeal pressure and hypopharyngeal pressure duration were analyzed across bolus volumes and consistencies by using three-way repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) to investigate influence of bolus volume.Results UES residual pressure [-1.71 mmHg(3 ml thick liquid)vs.-4.68 mmHg(10 ml thick liquid)],UES relaxation duration[590.45 ms(3 ml thick liquid) vs.702.49 ms (10 ml thick liquid)],maximum hypopharygeal pressure [169.91 mmHg (3 ml thick liquid) vs.204.42 mmHg (10 ml thick liquid)] and hypopharyngeal pressure duration(P ＜0.05) varied significantly across bolus volumes when swallowing water or thick liquid.The UES relaxation duration,UES residual pressure and maximum hypopharyngeal pressure had a direct positive relationship with bolus volume.There was significant differences with regard to UES relaxation duration [685.75 ms(3 ml paste)vs.772.27 ms (10 ml paste)] but not to UES residual pressure (P ＞ 0.05) and maximum hypopharyngeal pressure (P ＞ 0.05) across bolus volume when swallowing paste.Conclusions Difference in hypopharyngeal pressure and duration,UES residual pressure and duration were detected across varying bolus volumes.Consideration of these variables is paramount in understanding normal and pathological swallowing.

Objective To study the mechanism of hyperintensed signal at interpeduncle region in meseneephalon on DWI with diffusion sensitive gradient(Gd)applied perpendicular to the slice direetion (DWIs).Methods MRI scanning was centered at interpeduncle region.and the protocols were as follows:(1)With electrocardiograph(ECG)triggering,DWIs was acquired during systole or diastole periods respectively.(2)To observe the shape of hyperintense signal,DWIs with various slice directions was applied,which was set parallel to skull base,along Y axis,or along the oblique line between Y and Z axis with 30°to Z axis.(3)Fiber tracking was performed with the hyperintense signal as"seed"region,fractional anisotropy(FA)and ADC were derived from(multiple directions diffusion weighted imaging,MDDW).FA and ADC of hyperintease region were compared with those of the nearby fiber by using pair t-tesL Results Signal intensitv of hyperintense region on DWIs were 2296.28±38.19 and 153.81±37.91 for b=0 and b=1000 at systole period.while they were 295.36±38.84 and 154.03±37.52 at diastole period.No staffstical difference wag demonstrated between them(t=1.34,0.62,P＞0.05).The ADC valus on DWIs acquired during systole and diastole periods were(6.07±2.20)×10-4and(6.69±1.44)×10-4 mm2/s respectively.There was rio statistical difference between them(t=0.94,P＞0.05).DTI fiber tracking verified that the hyperintense region located at the decussation of superior eerebelum peduncle(SCP)in mesencephalon.It was in long and narrow heart shape or rectangular shape on DWIs.The shape depended on the direction of Gd The ADC value derived from MDDW at hyperintense region and the fiber below were(10.61±3.42)×10-4 and(9.24±2.21)×10-4 mm2/s respectively.No statistical difference was demonstrated between them(t=0.61.P＞0.05).While,the FA at hyperintensed region 0.43±0.13 was less than that of the fiber below 0.61±0.08(t=8.32.P＜0.05).Conclusions The shape of the hyperintense region on DWIs depends on the direction of Gd.The cardiac period has no effects on the hyperintense signal at peduncles,which may be attributed to the anisotropy of SCP decussation in mesencephalon.

Objective To identify International Classification of Functioning,Disability and Health (ICF) core categories most applicable to patients with dysphagia.Methods Swallowing dysfunction rating scales were searched through Embase,MEDLINE and CNKI covering the period between August 2005 and August 2015.All the scales found were classified and matched with different dimensions of the ICF so as to select the most applicable core sets.Results A total of 57 ICF items were included in the core set designed for dysphagia,including 27 body function items,13 body structure items,7 activity and participation items and 10 environmental factor items.Conclusions The ICF core categories selected for dysphagia through this systematic review provide a more comprehensive framework for future assessment and treatment of dysphagia.

BACKGROUND:The laser applied in the clinical oral medicine is mainly for early diagnosis of caries, removal of carious tissue, pulpotomy for pulp bleeding, dentin hypersensitivity treatment, disinfection of infected root canals, and periodontitis treatment. OBJECTIVE:To explore the changes of basic fibroblast growth factor in inflammatory pulp after laser treatment. METHODS:Five healthy adult beagle dogs were enroled, and six teeth were randomly selected from each dog. Then, these teeth were randomly divided into three groups, 10 teeth in a group, and they were treated with laser irradiation, saline and gentamicin irrigation respectively. At days 1, 2, 3 after operation, exudates from the pulp were colected for detection of basic fibroblast growth factor expression. Meanwhile, the dental pulp was detected by hematoxylin-eosin staining and immunohistochemistry method. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:In the al three groups, the expression of basic fibroblast growth factor at day 3 was significantly higher than that at days 1 and 2, and there were no differences between days 1 and 2. Moreover, these three groups also showed no significant differences. Under hematoxylin-eosin and immunohistochemical staining, blood vessels in the pulp cavity were in good condition and the pulp arranged tightly. These findings suggest that the laser is safe, convenient and effective for oral clinical application, and has no injury to the inflammatory pulp.