Objective To investigate the effects of external fixator with dynamic device under low frequency and controlled micromovement on the callus calcification and mechanical property of healing bone.MethodsForty-five sheep were performed transverse osteotomy with a gap of 2 mm on the mid-shafts of both tibias,and the hind limbs were fixed with unilateral external fixators connected to a controlled micromovement device.Ten days after osteotomy,one hind limb of each sheep was randomly selected for micromovement(30 min/d).According to different micromovement frequencies,the sheep were randomly divided into 3 groups: 0.5 Hz group,1 Hz group and 5 Hz group(n=15).The amplitude of micromovement was 0.25 mm and the micromovement stopped by the end of the fourth week postoperation.The other hind limb of each sheep was served as control group without micromovement.Morphometry of callus was done at the end of 4,6 and 9 weeks after osteotomy.Bone formation velocity,bone mineral density and biomechanical properties were compared at the end of 9 weeks.Results The areas of mineralized bone and osteoid in different miromovement groups were larger than that of control group at the end of 4,6 weeks postoperation(P

Objective To study the biological exposure limit in bone metabolism damage caused by coexposure to fluorine and arsenic from coal burning in exposed population.Methods One hundred and ninety-eight cases of fluoride and arsenic co-exposed people from Liuchang village,Qinzhen city,Guizhou province were enrolled in the study.Urinary fluorine (UF),urinary arsenic (UAs),urinary hydroxyproline (UHYP),ross-linked Ntelopeptides of type Ⅰ collagen(UNTX) and bone strength index(STI) were detected.BMDS Version 2.1 software was used to calculate UF,UAs benchmark dose (BMD) and its lower confidence limit (BMDL) on the damage of bone metabolism caused by co-exposure to fluorine and arsenic from coal burning.Results The BMD and BMDL range of UF caused by co-exposure to fluorine and arsenic from coal burning were 0.68-1.35 mg/g Cr,0.57-1.11 mg/g Cr.The BMD and BMDL range of UAs caused by co-exposure to fluorine and arsenic from coal burning were 8.36-18.77 μg/g Cr,7.12-15.40 μg/g Cr.Conclusion The biological exposure limits of UF and UAs for bone metabolism toxicity are proposed as 0.57 mg/g Cr and 7.12 μg/g Cr in co-exposure to fluoride and arsenic from coal burning,respectively.

BACKGROUND: Optical coherence tomography(OCT) is a new type of noncontactable, noninjurious retinal tomographic technique. Minor serous detachment in retinal neuroepithelial layer can be resoluted and shown by it. The range of inferior fluid of retinal neuroepithelail layer or pigment epithelial layer can also be quantitatively measured to evaluate the recovery of vision.OBJECTIVE: To study the applicative value of OPT in evaluating the relation of vision and neuroepithelial layer in idiopathic central serous chorioretinopathy(ICSC) and its prognosis.DESIGN: Single sample study.SETTING: Ophthalmologic center in a university hospital.PARTICIPANTS: Patients with ICSC who were primarily diagnosed from January 1999 to June 2003 in the Ophthalmologic Center of the Medical College of Jinan University were included. There were 32 males and 8 females, with an average of(36.2 ± 5.6) years old.INTERVENTIONS: Zeiss-Humphrey OCT imaging meter was used for the examination. The maximal range and height of detachment in the serous detachment region of ICSC were measured respectively, and average value and standard deviation were then calculated.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Vision and the maximal range and height of serous detachment.RESULTS: Local detachment of retinal neuroepithelial layer in the center of macula retina was shown in the OCT images of the 40 eases(41 eyes) with ICSC. Detachment ranged from 705 to 5 720 μm[an average of (3 051 ± 1 338) μm], with the height from 55 to 491 μm[an average of (270 ± 114) μm] . Four eyes were complicated with serous detachment of pigment epithelial layer. And it was suggested by statistical analysis that the range and height of detachment were related with vision.CONCLUSION: OCT, as an objective noninjurious retinal tomography, its high resolution has important value and special predominee in the diagnosis, quantitative analysis and the detection and follow-up of optical functional assessment during the course of the ICSC.

OBJECTIVE To discuss the characteristics and risk factors of nosocomial infection inpatients with chronic kidney disease.METHODS The data from chronic kidney disease(CKD) patients retrospectively analyzed.RESULTS The nosocomial infection rate of CKD patients was 14.73%,urinary tract was the most comun site,The main-pathogens were Gram-negative bacteria,and then Gram-positive bacteria and fungii.The patients with diabetic nephropathy,lupus nephritis,aging,lower glomerular filtration rate,hypoproteinemia,anemia,and long time duration were easy to get nosocomial infection.CONCLUSIONS Nosocomial infection in CKD patients is related to underlying diseases,age,kidney function,serum albumin level,hemoglobin level,duration time in the hospital.

OBJECTIVE To discuss the clinical traits,pathogenesis and TCM stepwise treatments of fungal urinary tract infection.METHODS According to the risk factors and clinical character of fungal urinary tract infection,we clarified the mechanism of the disease.The principal aspect was spleen-kidney vacuity detriment and the secondary incidental was accumulated damp-heat and static blood in the lower burner,viz weaken healthy qi and excessive pathogenic factor.Hence during the clinical treatment we should regulate faculty condition.In the acute infection period we should give priority to dispel evils supplemented by the recovery of right qi.In the convalescence we should pay more attention to support right supplemented by dispelling.RESULTS The most common pathogen of fungal urinary tract infection was Candida albicans.The TCM stepwise treatments of fungal urinary tract infection together with regulatiy entire faculty condition had the characteristics of high efficacy and few side effects.CONCLUSIONS The TCM stepwise treatments of fungal urinary tract infection has more potentiality which deserves further study.

Objective To discuss the optimal timing of fixation for femoral shaft fractures with concomitant head injuries. MethodsEarly and delayed complications,mortality rate,interval of ICU and duration of hospital stay were compared among 137 patients with head injuries,so as to evaluate the curative effect of early fixation of femoral shaft fracture(n=56) and delayed fixation(n=81).Results Early fixation group enjoyed advantages in the interval of ICU,duration of hospital stay,associated shock and infection rate over the delayed fixation group(P

Objective To explore the effect of fluoride and arsenic pollution on bone metabolism in exposed population. Methods One hundred and fifty-two fluoride and arsenic exposed people were selected from Jiaole village, Yuzhang town, Xingron county, Guizhou province in 2006, and 59 not exposed people from Daguoduo village 13 km away from Jiaole village were selected as control. Urinary fluorine(UF), urinary arsenic (UAs), urinary hydroxyproline (UHYP), cross-linked N-telopeptides of type I collagen (UNTX) and bone strength index(STI) were detected. Results The main effect of fluoride on UHYP and UNTX were statistically significant (F = 9.785, 4.225, P < 0.01 ), but was not significant on STI(F = 0.183, P > 0.05). The main effect of arsenic on UNTX was statistically significant (F = 2.660, P < 0.05 ), but was not significant on UHYP and STI(F = 2.012, 0.183,all P > 0.05). The interaction between fluoride and arsenic on UNTX was statistically significant (F= 2.429, P <0.01), but was not significant on UHYP and STI(F= 1.218, 1.001, all P> 0.05). Conclusions Fluoride exposure can affect the metabolism of collagen and bone resorption, and Arsenic exposure main affect bone resorption, fluoride and arsenic co-exposure have more significant effect on bone resorption. UNTX may be used as biological biomarker of bone metabolism for population co-exposed to fluoride and arsenic in health monitoring.

Objective To explore the relationship between gene MTDH expression and its role in promo-ting gastric carcinoma metastasis .Methods We collected clinical specimens and cultured gastric carcinoma cell lines.By Western blotting and Real -time PCR methods,protein and mRNA levels in tissues and MTDH relation-ship with EMT were detected .Results There was 86%of patients who expressed MTDH positively and 13%of normal gastric mucosa was positive expression .The results showed that the expressive level of MTDH gene in gas-tric carcinoma was higher than in the normal tissues .The expression of MTDH was correlated with TNM stage、mi-crovascular invasion、recurrence and metastasis .The expressive level of MTDH was correlated with two epithelial mesenchymal transition markers ( E-cadherin and N-cadherin ) .Conclusion MTDH may promote gastric car-cinoma metastasis through the induction of EMT process and may be a candidate biomarker for therapeutic target .

Ergosterol is the important component of the fungal membrane, and having stable structure. This makes it a suitable indicator for growth of fungi. In the paper, isolation and determination techniques of ergosterol as the indicator of the fungal biomass were reviewed. The methods of extracting ergosterol include traditional saponification and refluxing, rapid physical disruption, rapid ultrasonication, supercritical fluid extraction and so on. The ergosterol determination methods are high performance liquid chromatography, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry, and thin-layer chromatography, et al. The application of these techniques was also introduced. Finally, the paper prospected the feasibility of applying the ergosterol as the indicator of fungal biomass in composting.

Since pig is an important livestock species worldwide, its gene expression has been investigated intensively, but rarely in brain. In order to study gene expression profiles in the pig central nervous system, we sequenced and analyzed 43,122 highquality 5′ end expressed sequence tags (ESTs) from porcine cerebellum, cortex cerebrum, and brain stem cDNA libraries, involving several different prenatal and postnatal developmental stages. The initial ESTs were assembled into 16,101 clusters and compared to protein and nucleic acid databases in GenBank. Of these sequences, 30.6% clusters matched protein databases and represented function known sequences; 75.1% had significant hits to nucleic acid databases and partial represented known function; 73.3% matched known porcine ESTs; and 21.5% had no matches to any known sequences in GenBank. We used the categories defined by the Gene Ontology to survey gene expression in the porcine brain.