No abstract available.

Fluoride is one of the most reactive elements in nature, and commonly used in toothpaste since it helps to prevent cavities. Despite this advantage, excessive ingestion of fluoride can cause acute toxicity and gastric disturbance from hydrofluoric acid that was formed in the stomach. We report a case of previously healthy, 41-month-old girl who visited the emergency department with persistent abdominal pain and hematemesis after ingestion of fluoride-containing toothpaste. Though the ingested dose of fluoride was below the toxic dose, serious symptoms developed. We performed esophagogastroduodenoscopy, and confirmed a hemorrhagic gastritis caused by hydrofluoric acid. The girl was uneventfully discharged on day 3 after receiving conservative care. When managing children who ingested fluoride-containing toothpaste, physicians need to consider their symptoms, not the ingested amount. In addition, parents should be cautious when their children use fluoride-containing toothpaste.

Pharmacogenetics is opening a new era of precision medicine in psychiatry. Drug-metabolizing enzymes are characterized by genetic polymorphisms, which render a large portion of variability in individual drug metabolism. Dose adjustment based on pharmacogenetics knowledge is a first step to translate pharmacogenetics into clinical practice. However, diverse factors including cost-effectiveness should be addressed to provide clinical recommendation. To address current challenges in pharmacogenetics testing in psychiatry, this review provides an update regarding genotyping (SNP analysis, array, and next-generation sequencing), genotype-phenotype correlations, and cost-effectiveness. The current updates on pharmacogenetics in psychiatry will provide guidance for both clinician and researchers to have a consensus in harmonizing efforts to advance the pharmacogenetics field in a part of precision medicine in psychiatry.

Fluoride is one of the most reactive elements in nature, and commonly used in toothpaste since it helps to prevent cavities. Despite this advantage, excessive ingestion of fluoride can cause acute toxicity and gastric disturbance from hydrofluoric acid that was formed in the stomach. We report a case of previously healthy, 41-month-old girl who visited the emergency department with persistent abdominal pain and hematemesis after ingestion of fluoride-containing toothpaste. Though the ingested dose of fluoride was below the toxic dose, serious symptoms developed. We performed esophagogastroduodenoscopy, and confirmed a hemorrhagic gastritis caused by hydrofluoric acid. The girl was uneventfully discharged on day 3 after receiving conservative care. When managing children who ingested fluoride-containing toothpaste, physicians need to consider their symptoms, not the ingested amount. In addition, parents should be cautious when their children use fluoride-containing toothpaste.

Pharmacogenetics is opening a new era of precision medicine in psychiatry. Drug-metabolizing enzymes are characterized by genetic polymorphisms, which render a large portion of variability in individual drug metabolism. Dose adjustment based on pharmacogenetics knowledge is a first step to translate pharmacogenetics into clinical practice. However, diverse factors including cost-effectiveness should be addressed to provide clinical recommendation. To address current challenges in pharmacogenetics testing in psychiatry, this review provides an update regarding genotyping (SNP analysis, array, and next-generation sequencing), genotype-phenotype correlations, and cost-effectiveness. The current updates on pharmacogenetics in psychiatry will provide guidance for both clinician and researchers to have a consensus in harmonizing efforts to advance the pharmacogenetics field in a part of precision medicine in psychiatry.

Autoimmune sera have been used in the diagnosis of autoimmune diseases as well as the analysis of nuclear substructures. In an attempt to study the biological characteristics of the nuclear matrix, we screened human sera using immunofluorescent staining and immunoblot. We detected antibodies against nuclear matrix (NM), a remnant nonchromatin protein compartment after the treatment of detergent, salt and nuclease, in 212 out of 284 tested sera (74.6%) by immunoblot. Peptides with molecular weights of 70 kDa, 50 kDa and 25 kDa were detected in the order of frequency. Clinical informations of 198 out of 212 cases were available and went as follows: 38 cases were autoimmune diseases, such as systemic lupus erythematosus and rheumatoid arthritis; 132 non-autoimmune and non-neoplastic diseases; 16 neoplastic diseases and 12 cases unclassified. The immunofluorescent staining intensity by anti-nuclear matrix protein (NMP) antibodies decreased variably, but fibrillogranular, speckled and nucleolar immunolocalization patterns were retained after in situ fractionation. Ku70 and La protein were detected by anti-NMP antibodies. Immunolocalization by anti-NMP antibodies indicates that the NMPs constitute a variety of characteristic nuclear substructures and may serve as autoantigens in diverse human diseases. In addition, the presence of Ku70 and La protein as NMPs suggests that the NM can be functionally active in association with DNA or RNA.
Autoantigens/analysis* ; Autoimmune Diseases/immunology ; Autoimmune Diseases/blood ; Base Sequence ; DNA, Complementary ; DNA-Binding Proteins/analysis* ; Fluorescent Antibody Technique, Indirect ; Hela Cells ; Human ; Immunoblotting ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Nuclear Matrix/immunology ; Nuclear Proteins/analysis* ; Ribonucleoproteins/analysis* ; Tumor Cells, Cultured

PURPOSE: Perceived color of ceramics changes by the spectral power distribution of ambient light. This study aimed to quantify the amount of shifts in color and color coordinates of clinically simulated seven all-ceramics due to the switch of three ambient light sources using a human vision simulating spectroradiometer. MATERIALS AND METHODS: CIE color coordinates, such as L*, a* and b*,of ceramic specimens were measured under three light sources, which simulate the CIE standard illuminant D65 (daylight), A (incandescent lamp), and F9 (fluorescent lamp). Shifts in color and color coordinate by the switch of lights were determined. Influence of the switched light (D65 to A, or D65 to F9), shade of veneer ceramics (A2 or A3), and brand of ceramics on the shifts was analyzed by a three-way ANOVA. RESULTS: Shifts in color and color coordinates were influenced by three factors (P<.05). Color shifts by the switch to A were in the range of 5.9 to 7.7 DeltaE*abunits, and those by the switch to F9 were 7.7 to 10.2; all of which were unacceptable (DeltaE*ab > 5.5). When switched to A, CIE a* increased (Deltaa*: 5.6 to 7.6), however, CIE b* increased (Deltab*: 4.9 to 7.8) when switched to F9. CONCLUSION: Clinically simulated ceramics demonstrated clinically unacceptable color shifts according to the switches in ambient lights based on spectroradiometric readings. Therefore, shade matching and compatibility evaluation should be performed considering ambient lighting conditions and should be done under most relevant lighting condition.
Androsterone ; Ceramics ; Humans ; Light ; Lighting ; Reading ; Vision, Ocular

No abstract available.
Alcoholism* ; Mass Screening*

Purpose: To report the clinical efficacy of neodymium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet (Nd:YAG) laser iris cystotomy in iris cysts. Methods: We examined three eyes with primary iris cysts diagnosed by ultrasound biomicroscopy that had fewer cornea endothelial cells or reduced visual acuity due to an occluded visual axis. Nd:YAG laser cystotomy was done. The logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution (logMAR) visual acuity, intraocular pressure (IOP), and specular microscopy test at baseline and last follow-up were reviewed. Results: The average patient age was 54.0 ± 5.3 years; the mean follow-up was 11.7 ± 2.1 months. The baseline and final logMAR visual acuity were 0.23 ± 0.25 and 0.16 ± 0.15, respectively. Visual acuity improved, although not significantly (p = 0.317). The baseline and final IOP were 14.7 ± 2.3 and 13.7 ± 0.6 mmHg, respectively (p = 0.276). The corneal endothelial cell density (p = 0.109), hexagonality (p > 0.999), and coefficient of variation (p = 0.285) were not significantly different after treatment. There were no serious complications or recurrence. Conclusions After Nd:YAG laser cystotomy, the cell density and morphology of corneal endothelial cells changed little. It can be considered an effective treatment when there is a decrease in corneal endothelial cells or occlusion of the visual axis.