20% improvement in 4/7 primary indices.Sharp declines in several parameters were noticed during 3 to 6 months.Pain in 9 patients disappeared.There was also a statistically significant decrease in TNF ? transcripts in the PBMC.Conclusion Thalidomide is a reasonably promising drug for treating resistant ankylosing spondylitis and its biological mechanism is related to the gene expression suppression of proinflammatory cytokine TNF ?.

Objective To study the macrophage colony-stimulating factor(M-CSF)expression levels of serum and synovial fluids from patients with spondyloarthropathy(SPA)and its contribution to the pathogen- esis of SpA.Methods Eleven SpA synovial tissue samples were compared to those from peripheral blood mononuclear cells(PBMC)of 10 normal subjects using a 1176 gene array.M-CSF was detected in both serum samples and synovial fluids by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA).Two groups of AS subjects were tested.The first group consisted of 41 ankylosing spondylitis(AS)patients who had not been treated with bio- logics.The second group consisted of 13 subjects whose serum samples were collected before and 14 weeks af- ter initiation of infliximab.These were compared to serum samples from 28 normal subjects,and synovial fluid samples from 15 SpA patients.Results Expression of M-CSF could be detected in both serum samples and synovial fluids.The concentration of M-CSF in the group of 41 AS patients not treated with biologics correlated with the Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Index(BASDAI)values(r=0.41,P=0.004).Treatment of infliximab in AS patients led to a significant decrease in the values of BASDAI(P=0.000 07),but no signif- icant change in the serum M-CSF values.Conclusion M-CSF is a promising candidate for research on the mechanisms of SpA and its signaling on pathway in SpA is different from tumor necrosis factor(TNF)-?,and it may provide new basis for developing new anti-biologics for SpA.

Objective To investigate the clinical spectrum of respiratory viruses in infants and young children with acute lower respiratory infection(ALRI) in Chongqing area from 2003-2007.And to assess the clinical diagnostic value of virus detection in nasopharyngeal secretions(NPS) and serum viral antibody detection for ALRI.Methods Cases of 2 529 specimens of NPS in hospitalized children with ALRI from Apr.2003 to Oct.2007 were taken for detecting 7 common respiratory virus antigens by immunofluorescence assay including respiratory syncytial virus (RSV),adenovirus(ADV),influenza A(IA),influenza B (IB),parainfluenza virus1-3 (PIV1,PIV2,PIV3).Fifty-five thousand eight hundred and eighty-seven samples were tested for ADV-IgM by ELISA.Among those,45 159 cases were further tested for RSV-IgM by ELISA.Results Respiratory virus pathogens were detected in 778 samples out of 2 529(30.76%) including RSV positive in 668 samples (85.86%),PIV3 positive in 75 samples (9.64%),IA positive in 22 samples (2.57%),ADV positive in 15 samples ( 1.93%),only 1 sample ( 0.13%) positive for both PIV1 and RSV. And the positive rate of RSV-IgM was 0.9%-15.2%,and the positive rate for ADV-IgM was about 0.6%-10.6%.RSV infection occured mainly in winter and spring.Conclusions Respiratory virus is the most common pathogen in children with ALRI during the survey period in Chongqing area,especially for RSV infection.The pattern of RSV circulation varied every year with seasonality.It is suggest that this year is peak one for RSV infection from the monthly positive results,especially in Feburary(50%) in 2007.But the infection rate of PIV3,IA,ADV and PIV1 are lower,particularly IB and PIV2 infection have not been seen for the last 5 years.It is fast and accurate to detect RSV antigen and suit to clinical diagnosis by using immunofluorescence assay than other antibody detection.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the effects of glutamine-enriched enteral nutrition on the nutritional status and prognosis of patients with severe head injury.

METHODSThirty-three patients with severe head injury were randomly divided into control group (C, 15 cases) and glutamine-enriched group (Gln, 18 cases). Patients in both groups were given routine treatment and enteral nutrition with the same amount of nitrogen and calorie. Patients in Gln group were given glutamine 0.5 g x kg(-1) x d(-1) additionally added into the nutrient fluid. Vital signs and the occurrence of side effects of all patients were observed before and after nutrition support. Venous blood and urine sample of all patients were collected before and 7, 14 days after treatment to determine the parameters of blood, urine routine and hepatorenal function. At the same time points, body mass, skin fold thickness at the region of triceps brachii (TSF), upper arm circumference (AC), upper arm muscle circumference (AMC) and fasting blood glucose of all patients were detected and determined, Glasgow coma scale (GCS) scoring was performed. The length of hospital stay of all patients was recorded.

RESULTSVital signs and parameters of blood, urine routine and hepatorenal function of patients in 2 groups after nutrition treatment were close to those before treatment. Side effects, such as nausea and diarrhea occurred with spontaneous remission in a few patients. There was no statistical significant difference between 2 groups, and within each group before and after treatment, in respect of body mass and TSF (P > 0.05). Values of AC and AMC of patients in Gln group were obviously higher than those of C group (P < 0.01) on post-treatment day 14. Fasting blood glucose and GCS score of all patients before treatment were close to those on post-treatment day 14 (P > 0.05). Fasting blood glucose and GCS score of patients was respectively lower and higher in Gln group than that in C group on post-treatment day 7 (P < 0.05). Length of hospital stay of patients in Gln group (25 +/- 9) d was obviously shorter than that of C group (33 +/- 12) d (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONSGlutamine-enriched enteral nutrition can control the blood glucose level, prevent the loss of lean tissue, improve nutrition status of patients,shorten hospital stay, and accelerate the recovery of patients to some extent.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Craniocerebral Trauma ; therapy ; Enteral Nutrition ; methods ; Female ; Glutamine ; therapeutic use ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Nutritional Status ; Prognosis ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVETo observe the clinical effect of the combined use of amiodarone and Wenxin Granule (WXG) in auricular fibrillation (AF) conversion and its safety.

METHODSTwo hundred and twenty-four patients, in whom AF lasted for less than 1 year, were enrolled and randomly assigned into two groups, 112 in each group. Patients in the treated group were treated with WXG and amiodorane and the others in the control group were orally administered with amiodarone alone. The accumulative conversion rate of AF and adverse reaction were monitored during the 6-month observation period.

RESULTSSix-month observation was completed in 109 cases in the treated group and 107 in the control group, while 3 cases and 5 cases in the two groups were dropped out respectively. The difference of accumulative AF conversion rates between the two groups become significant early after one month medication (P < 0.05), and was 65.1% and 47.7% respectively after 6-month of treatment (P < 0.05). Inter-group significant difference was also shown in the aspects of average conversion time, dosage of amiodarone required and the occurrence of adverse reaction (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONCombined use of WXG and amiodarone has a better effect in improving conversion rate of AF, shortening conversion time and decreasing the required dosage of amiodarone in treating AF as compared with the treatment with amiodarone alone, and by which the adverse reaction of long-term using amiodarone could be avoided.

Aged ; Amiodarone ; adverse effects ; therapeutic use ; Anti-Arrhythmia Agents ; therapeutic use ; Atrial Fibrillation ; drug therapy ; Drug Therapy, Combination ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; therapeutic use ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Phytotherapy ; Safety

BACKGROUNDFundus changes associated with high myopia (HM) may mask those associated with primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG). This study aim to determine the characteristics of RNFL thickness changes in patients with both POAG and HM and compare these to changes in patients with only HM. The diagnostic capabilities of both OCT and GDxVCC in this subset of patients are also evaluated.

METHODSTwenty-two eyes with POAG and HM (spherical equivalent (SE) between -6.0 and -12.0 D) were evaluated, and 22 eyes with HM were used for comparison. Characteristic retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness profiles in patients with POAG and HM were examined using optical coherence tomography (OCT) and scanning laser polarimetry with variable corneal compensation (GDxVCC), and the diagnostic capabilities of these imaging modalities were compared. RNFL parameters evaluated included superior average (Savg-GDx), inferior average (Iavg-GDx), temporal-superior-nasal- inferior-temporal (TSNIT) average, and nerve fiber indicator (NFI) on GDxVCC and superior average (Savg-OCT), inferior average (Iavg-OCT), nasal average (Navg-OCT), temporal average (Tavg-OCT), and average thickness (AvgThick-OCT) on OCT (fast RNFL scan). Visual field testing was performed and defects were evaluated using mean defect (MD) and pattern standard deviation (PSD).

RESULTSThe RNFL parameters (P < 0.05) significantly different between groups included Savg-GDx, Iavg-GDx, TSNIT average, NFI, Savg-OCT, Iavg-OCT, Tavg-OCT, and AvgThick-OCT. Significant correlations existed between TSNIT average and AvgThick-OCT (r = 0.778), TSNIT average and MD (r = 0.749), AvgThick-OCT and MD (r = 0.647), TSNIT average and PSD (r = -0.756), and AvgThick-OCT and PSD (r = -0.784). The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC) values of TSNIT average, Savg-GDx, Iavg-GDx, NFI, Savg-OCT, Iavg-OCT, Navg-OCT, Tavg-OCT, and AvgThick-OCT were 0.947, 0.962, 0.973, 0.994, 0.909, 0.917, 0.511, 0.906, and 0.913, respectively. The NFI AUROC was the highest value.

CONCLUSIONSRNFL thickness was significantly lower in all but the nasal quadrant in patients with POAG and HM, compared to patients with only HM. Measurements with OCT and GDxVCC were well-correlated, and both modalities detected RNFL thickness changes. However, GDxVCC was better than OCT in detecting POAG in HM patients.

Adult ; Female ; Glaucoma, Open-Angle ; pathology ; Humans ; Male ; Myopia ; pathology ; Nerve Fibers ; pathology ; Retinal Neurons ; pathology ; Scanning Laser Polarimetry ; methods ; Tomography, Optical Coherence ; methods

The double-antibody-sandwich enzyme-linked immunoadsorbent assay (ELISA) for detection of rLysostaphin in humans had been developed and established through this study. rLysostaphin of high purity ( > 95 % ) produced in Shanghai Hi-Tech United Bio-Technological Research & Development Co., Ltd (SHUBRD) was used to produce a rabbit anti-rLysostaphin polyclonal antibody. The standard curve of rLysostaphin polyclonal antibody that was constructed showed that the lowest range of detection was found at 0. 98 ng of rLysostaphin/mL, and the curve exhibited linearity preferably from 0. 98 to 500 ng of rLysostaphin/mL. When three serum samples of the same batch were assayed for 6 replicates, and more 3 samples from different batches for 6 replicates, the average intra-assay and inter-assay coefficient variances ( CV) were 6. 4% and 6. 5%, respectively. The relative recovery rate was 98.6% when quantitative standard antigens were added to the serum. The present method for detection of rLysostaphin in serum is specific, highly sensitive, highly precise, and exhibited a low CV and will be helpful in the further study of rLysostaphin pharmacokinetics and holds promise in clinical applications.
Animals ; Antibodies, Monoclonal ; immunology ; Blotting, Western ; Enzyme Stability ; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay ; methods ; Humans ; Immune Sera ; immunology ; Lysostaphin ; blood ; immunology ; metabolism ; Male ; Rabbits ; Recombinant Proteins ; immunology ; metabolism ; Reproducibility of Results ; Temperature

OBJECTIVETo study the protective effect of the Mixture of Shengmai Powder and Danshen Decoction (, abbreviated as the Mixture) in the rat model with type 2 diabetic cardiomyopathy in the rat model with type 2 diabetic cardiomyopathy, abbreviated as the Mixture) in the rat model with type 2 diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM).

METHODSForty-two SD rats with DCM model, established by the combination of insulin resistance by a high-fat diet with the damage of pancreatic islet β cells by intraperitoneal injection of high dose streptozotocin (50 mg/kg) once, were evaluated in the damage of the myocardium by electrocardiogram at the end of 12 weeks of grouping and intervention administration; the extent of damage in the myocardial subcellular structure was observed by electron microscopy; the content of myocardial collagen in the left cardiac ventricle was quantified by Masson staining test; the myocardial cell apoptosis was determined by TUNEL; the changes in the mRNA expression levels of thrombospodin-1 (TSP-1) and tribbles homolog 3 (TRB-3) by real-time quantitative PCR, the expression levels of myocardial TSP-1, tumor growth factorβ1 (TGF-β1), TRB-3, and chymase were detected by immunohistochemistry, and the changes in the expression levels of myocardial TSP-1, active-TGF-β1 (A-TGF-β1) and latent-TGF-β1 (L-TGF-β1) protein were tested by Western blotting.

RESULTSCompared with the control group, the myocardial tissue was less damaged, and the extent of damage in the myocardial subcellular structure was less; the collagen fiber content and the cell apoptosis were reduced; the expression levels of TSP-1mRNA and TRB-3 mRNA, the expression levels of myocardial TSP-1, TGF-β1, TRB-3, and chymase, as well as the average expression levels of the myocardial TSP-1, A-TGFβ1, and L-TGF-β1 protein were decreased in the Mixture group.

CONCLUSIONThe Mixture of Shengmai Powder and Danshen Decoction could inhibit the process of myocardial fibrosis in the rat myocardium of DCM through multiple pathways and significantly delay the genesis and progress of DCM in hyperglycemic rats.

Animals ; Cytoprotection ; drug effects ; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental ; complications ; drug therapy ; Diabetic Cardiomyopathies ; pathology ; prevention & control ; Disease Models, Animal ; Drug Combinations ; Drug Evaluation, Preclinical ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; administration & dosage ; pharmacology ; Heart ; drug effects ; Male ; Myocardium ; cytology ; pathology ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Streptozocin

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the safety and efficacy of intracoronary autologous bone marrow mononuclear cells (BM-MNCs) transplantation in patients with dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM).

METHODSOn top of standard therapy, DCM patients received BM-MNCs transplantation (n = 71) or saline injection (n = 187). The baseline clinical characteristics of two groups were comparable. Data on echocardiography, Holter, six-minute-walk test, cardiac SPECT and annual hospital days were obtained in all patients at baseline, 1, 3, 6, 12 and 24 months after transplantation.

RESULTSSix-minute-walk distance was significantly longer at one month [(345 +/- 76) m vs. (286 +/- 104) m, P < 0.05] and thereafter (all P < 0.05) in BM-MNCs group compared with saline group. Left ventri ocular ejection fraction (LVEF) at one month in BM-MNCs group was significantly higher compared with saline group [(41.5 +/- 9.4)% vs. (37.3 +/- 6.6)%, P < 0.05] and with pre-transplantation value [(41.5 +/- 9.4)% vs. (32.4 +/- 8.5)%, P < 0.05] while LVEF was similar at 24 months after transplantation between the two groups [(43.6 +/- 6.3)% vs. (43.2 +/- 6.0)%, P > 0.05]. Three months after transplantation, the number of ischemic segments of BM-MNCs group was significantly reduced compared with that of saline group (2.0 +/- 1.0 vs. 3.1 +/- 1.4, P < 0.05) and with baseline (2.0 +/- 1.0 vs. 3.1 +/- 1.2, P < 0.05) while the number of necrotic segments were similar in both groups during the follow-up. There were no significant difference in survival between two groups during 2 years follow-up (95.4% vs. 94.9%, P > 0.05) but the annual hospitalization days of BM-MNCs group was significantly lower than that of saline group [(23.6 +/- 13.4) d vs. (33.0 +/- 14.0) d, P > 0.05].

CONCLUSIONSIntracoronary transplantation of autologous BM-MNCs was safe and could increase LVEF and the six-minute-walk distance and reduce hospitalization days for patients with dilated cardiomyopathy.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Bone Marrow Transplantation ; methods ; Cardiomyopathy, Dilated ; therapy ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Male ; Mesenchymal Stem Cell Transplantation ; methods ; Middle Aged ; Transplantation, Autologous ; Treatment Outcome ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVETo investigate the correlation of the ultrasonographic appearance of different degrees of experimentally induced acute unilateral testicular ischemia with the protective effect of allopurinol.

METHODSForty-two male white rabbits were equally randomized into 7 groups: sham-operation control, ischemic A, B and C, and treatment D, E and F. Models of different degrees of unilateral testicular ischemia were established in the ischemic and treatment groups under the dynamic observation by color Doppler ultrasound. The ischemic testes showed slightly decreased homogeneous echoes and flow signals in groups A and D, obviously decreased heterogeneous echoes and flow signals in groups B and E, and radial or fragmental low-echo areas and disappearance of flow signals in groups C and F. The ischemic groups received reperfusion after the appearance of the above ultrasonographic changes, while the treatment groups following the intraperitoneal injection of allopurinol at 200 mg/kg. Contrast-enhanced ultrasonography (CEUS) was performed on the bilateral testes before and 3 days after the reperfusion. After 3 days of breeding, the histological changes and malondialdehyde (MDA) contents of the ischemic testes were observed, and the correlation was analyzed between the protective effect of allopurinol and the ultrasonographic appearance of different degrees of acute unilateral testicular ischemia.

RESULTSCEUS showed fast wash-in and fast wash-out in the sham-operation control group, slow wash-in and slow wash-out in groups A and B and extensive central filling defect in group C before the reperfusion. Fast wash-in and slow wash-out were observed in all the ischemic groups 3 days after the reperfusion, most obviously in group C. Groups D, E and F exhibited the same CEUS appearance as A, B and C before and 3 days after the reperfusion. Johnsen's scores were significantly increased in groups D (9.10 +/- 0.23) and E (7.03 +/- 0.20) in comparison with A (8.53 +/- 0.22) and B (5.82 +/- 0.33) (P < 0.05), but with no significant differences between C (2.30 +/- 0.53) and F (2.45 +/- 0.33) (P > 0.05). The rates of apoptosis were significantly decreased in groups D ([1.68 +/- 0.43]%) and E ([12.53 +/- 0.59]%) compared with A ([7.12 +/- 0.84]%) and B ([20.87 +/- 1.59]%) (P < 0.05), but with no significant differences between C ([52.93 +/- 2.62 ]%) and F ([51.23 +/- 2.53 ]%) (P > 0.05). Significant decreases of MDA contents in the ischemic testes were observed in groups D ([0.64 +/- 0.05] nmol/mg prot), E ([1.59 +/- 0.06] nmol/mg prot) and F ([3.10 +/- 0.17] nmol/mg prot) in comparison with A ([1.38 +/- 0.07] nmol/mg prot), B ([2.11 +/- 0.08] nmol/mg prot) and C ([3.25 +/- 0.14] nmol/mg prot) (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONAllopurinol contributes to the recovery of spermatogenesis when testicular ischemia is sonographically shown to be mild or moderate, but produces no significant effect when it is shown to be severe. Ultrasonography helps to choose the right therapy of testicular torsion and predict spermatogenesis of ischemic testes after reperfusion.

Allopurinol ; pharmacology ; Animals ; Disease Models, Animal ; Ischemia ; diagnostic imaging ; Male ; Rabbits ; Reperfusion Injury ; diagnostic imaging ; Testicular Diseases ; diagnostic imaging ; Testis ; diagnostic imaging ; Ultrasonography