Objective: To explore sex differences in 3D T1texture features in the progression of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and to predict the diagnosis of AD patients of different sex． Methods: Seventy-seven AD patients (34 males and 42 females) ，74 amnestic mild cognitive impairment ( aMCI) patients ( 35 males and 39 females) and 75 healthy controls (HC) (35 males and 40 females) were recruited and high-resolution 3-dimensional T1 structural images were collected． Brain regions closely related to AD brain damage were selected as regions of interest ( ROIs) ，texture feature extraction and feature screening were performed．Analyses were performed by sex，and the support vector machine (SVM) was used for classification and prediction. Results : In the AD vs HC，AD vs aMCI and aMCI VS HC groups by different sex，we obtained some brain regions with relatively high recognition index in different subgroups，and found that there were significant differences between female patients and male patients with high recognition index，and the recognition index of female patients ( area under the curve，accuracy，sensitivity and specificity were generally higher than that of male． Conclusion There are significant sex differences in texture features in AD process，and the classification and prediction ability of texture features in female patients is better， suggesting the importance of sex differences in AD research．This study provides some reliable biomarkers for early sex-specific identification of AD，which may be helpful for the early diagnosis and treatment of AD in the future.

Objective    To compare the differences of clinical effects between the bilateral endoscopic breast reconstruction and the open breast reconstruction. Methods    The clinical data of 28 female patients who underwent bilateral breast graft reconstruction in the Department of Breast Surgery of West China Hospital from January 2017 to January 2021 were analyzed retrospectively. The patients were divided into two groups: an endoscopic group (n=12, aged 41.3±8.9 years) and an open group (n=16, aged 41.6±8.8 years). The clinical data of the two groups of patients were compared. Results     There was no significant difference in demographic and oncological data between the two groups (P>0.05). There was a significant difference in the implants between the two groups (P=0.008). The operation time (298.2±108.6 min vs. 326.5±95.8 min, P=0.480) and anesthesia time (373.4±91.2 min vs. 400.3±97.1 min, P=0.463) were not significantly different. The total complications (P=0.035) and major complications (P=0.024) in the open group were more than those in the endoscopic group. For the comparison of breast satisfaction, psychosocial well-being and sexual well-being, the scores at six months and one year after surgery were higher in the endoscopic group than those in the open group (P<0.05). Conclusion    The endoscopic reconstruction is safe and effective, with high satisfaction rates regarding  breast reconstruction and quality of life, and is superior to conventional open surgery.

Atrial septal defect (ASD) is a congenital heart disease that causes blood communication between the left and right ventricles due to partial atrial septal tissue defects, accounting for about 13% of all heart malformations. Secondary ASD is the most common type of ASD and can generally be treated with minimally invasive closure. At present, the commonly used minimally invasive methods in clinical practice mainly include X-ray-guided percutaneous occlusion, transesophageal ultrasound-guided transthoracic occlusion and ultrasound-guided percutaneous occlusion. This review focuses on the basic research process of occluder materials, and advantages and disadvantages of three different surgical methods.

Objective To explore the related factors of common postoperative complications after cranioplasty. Methods From November, 2009 to June, 2013, a total of 211 patients after cranioplasty were reviewed. The conventional two-dimensional titanium alloy was used. The incidence of scalp effusion, seizure and spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage were recorded, and the related factors including gender, age, primary disease, skull defect site, attack time, concomitant hydrocephalus and intraoperative dural damage were analyzed. Results The incidence of these complications was 4.7% (10/211) in total. There were four cases with scalp effusion, five cases with seizures and one case with spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage. The scalp effusion was related to hydrocephalus (χ2=4.804, P=0.028) and intraoperative dural damage (χ2=7.510, P=0.006). Seizure and spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage were not related with any factors above (P>0.05). Conclusion The occurrence of postoperative scalp effusion can be reduced by repairing intraoperative dural damage, and dealing with extreme hydrocephalus timely.

Dyskinetic cerebral palsy is the general type of cerebral palsy. This review discussed the pathogenesis, functional disorders,assessment and rehabilitation for it in the past years.