BACKGROUND: The biomechanical property(BP) of the bone is decided by its geometric structure and component material. Merely pursuing increase of the bone mineral density(BMD) might lead to deterioration of bone BP.However at present, some researohes on therapeutic action on osteoporosis emphasize excessively medical influence to BMD, and the change in the holistic BP of the bone in osteoporotic zone and its mechanism still need to investigate deeply.OBJECTIVE: To probe into the action and its mechanism of "the kidney tonifying compound of the Traditional Chinese Medical (TCM) "on BP of cortical bone in ovariectomized osteoporotic model rats.DESIGN: Completely randomized controlled experiment based on experimental animals.SETTING: Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering, Luoyang Hospital and Institute of Traditional Chinese Orthopedics and Traumatology in Henan Province.MATERIALS: The experiment was completed from November 2000 to July 2001 at Research Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering,Luoyang Institute of Traditional Chinese Orthopedics and Traumatology of Henan Province. The healthy Wistar female rats aged 10 months,weighing(350±20) g.METHODS: Fifty Whistar female rats aged 10 months were randomly divided into 5 groups: the normal, model, premarin-treated, xianling gubao-treated and migu capsule-treated with 10 in each group. The normal group was only given sham operation and the other four groups were ovariectomized. The rats after operation were fed normally for ninety days.Since the 91st day after operation,the rats had been given the medicines for 90 days and then killed. The thighbones were taken out,then BMD,femoral geometry sizes and BP were determined.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: ① The primary sequel was the comparison of the parameters of femoral BP. ② The secondary sequel was the changes in parameters of femoral geometric structure, area of cortical bone and BMD of every midsectional fomur.RESULTS: Femoral BP worsened significantly,its mechanical intensity reduced,its external diameter diminished,cortical bone area decreased and femoral BMD lowered in osteoporotic model rats. In comparison with the above,in "the kidney tonifying compound ofTCM " groups(migu capsule group and xianling gubao group) femoral BP raised significantly, its mechanical intensity advanced,its external diameter augmented,cortical bone area aggrandized and femoral BMD enhanced.CONCLUSION: "The kidney tonifying compound of TCM" can improve BP of the cortical bone(thighbone) in ovariectomized osteoporosis rats. Its primary mechanism of action is that the TCM compound prescription could enhance"the mechanism of biomechanical response and regulation"(MBRR) of macrostructure of cortical bone,consequently increase femoral external diameter,aggrandize cortical bone area and enhance BMD in ovariectomized rats.

Objective To investigate the changes of pulmonary capillary wedge pressure(PCWP) before and after off-pump coronary artery bypass graft(OPCABG) using transesophageal echocardiography(TEE). Methods Mitral valve flow(MVF) and pulmonary veinous flow(PVF) were measured in 46 patients before and after OPCAB using TEE and PCWP was detected by cardiac catheter. The correlations between indices derived from TEE and catheterization-measured PCWP and the differences before and after OPCAB were studied. Results There were obvious differences in the indices derived from TEE and PCWP which could reflect the left ventricular function. The most indices measured in PVF and MVF correlated with PCWP(r=(0.30)-(0.76),P

Atherosclerosis (AS) is a chronic and progressive arterial disease. It is an important cause of the occurrence and development of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. With the development of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM), TCM has many advantages in the therapy of AS, with less adverse reactions. Studies have shown that TCM can resist AS, and the mechanism mainly belongs to regulating lipid metabolism, anti-lipid peroxidation, anti-inflammation, anticoagulation, and protecting the structure and function of vascular endothelial cells. The mechanism of TCM for AS is warranted to be studied systematically, and the chemical components need to be further clarified.

Objective: To study the effect of Musashi-2 ( MSI2 ) overexpression on the imbalance of proliferation and apoptosis of human ovarian granulosa cell line (KGN) induced by dihydrotestosterone (DHT) ． Methods: The gene expression profiles of human ovarian granulosa cells ( GCs) in primary culture were statistically analyzed to screen the differentially expressed genes．pcDNA3. 1-MSI2 eukaryotic expression plasmid was constructed and transiently transfected into the KGN cells，and the overexpression effect of MSI2 was detected by Quantitative Real-time PCR (RT-qPCR) and Western blot．After overexpressing MSI2 in DHT induced KGN cells，MTT colorimetry and Edu staining were used to detect the proliferation of cells in each group，and flow cytometry ( FCM) was further used to detect the apoptosis of cells in each group. Results: The mRNA expression level of MSI2 gradually decreased during the primary culture of human ovarian GCs．And pcDNA3. 1-MSI2 was successfully constructed and transfected into KGN cells to improve the mRNA and protein expression levels of MSI2．Then MTT，EdU and FCM results showed that compared with the blank group，DHT induction could significantly reduce the proliferation rate and increase the apoptosis rate of KGN cells (P ＜0. 05) ．However，after MSI2 overexpression，the proliferation rate of KGN cells increased and the apoptosis rate decreased (P ＜0. 05) ，which were close to the blank group. Conclusion Overexpression of MSI2 can effectively alleviate the imbalance of proliferation and apoptosis of KGN cells induced by DHT，indicating that MSI2 plays an important role in GCs growth and follicle development.

ObjectiveTo explore the pharmacological mechanism involved in the treatment of allergic cough （AC） by Xiaoer Huatan Zhike granules （XEHT） based on proteomics and network pharmacology. MethodsAfter sensitization by intraperitoneal injection of 1 mL suspension containing 2 mg ovalbumin （OVA） and 100 mg aluminum hydroxide， a guinea pig model of allergic cough was constructed by nebulization with 1% OVA. The modeled guinea pigs were randomized into the model， low-， medium- and high-dose （1， 5， 20 g·kg^-1， respectively） XEHT， and sodium montelukast （1 mg·kg^-1） groups （n=6）， and another 6 guinea pigs were selected as the blank group. The guinea pigs in drug administration groups were administrated with the corresponding drugs by gavage， and those in the blank and model groups received the same volume of normal saline by gavage， 1 time·d^-1. After 10 consecutive days of drug administration， the guinea pigs were stimulated by 1% OVA nebulization， and the coughs were observed. The pathological changes in the lung tissue were observed by hematoxylin-eosin staining. The enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was performed to measure the levels of C-reactive protein （CRP）， interleukin-6 （IL-6）， tumor necrosis factor-α （TNF-α）， superoxide dismutase （SOD）， and malondialdehyde （MDA） in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid （BALF） and immunoglobulin G （IgG） and immunoglobulin A （IgA） in the serum. Immunohistochemistry （IHC） was employed to observe the expression of IL-6 and TNF-α in the lung tissue. Transmission electron microscopy was employed observe the alveolar type Ⅱ epithelial cell ultrastructure. Real-time PCR was employed to determine the mRNA levels of IL-6， interleukin-1β （IL-1β）， and TNF-α in the lung tissue. Label-free proteomics was used to detect the differential proteins among groups. Network pharmacology was used to predict the targets of XEHT in treating AC. The Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes （KEGG） enrichment analysis was performed to search for the same pathways from the results of proteomics and network pharmacology. ResultsCompared with the blank group， the model group showed increased coughs （P<0.01）， elevated levels of CRP， TNF-α， IL-6， and MDA and lowered level of SOD in the BALF （P<0.05， P<0.01）， elevated levels of IgA and IgG in the serum （P<0.05， P<0.01）， congestion of the lung tissue and infiltration of inflammatory cells， increased expression of IL-6 and TNF-α （P<0.01）， large areas of low electron density edema in type Ⅱ epithelial cells， obvious swelling and vacuolization of the organelles， karyopyknosis or sparse and dissolved chromatin， and up-regulated mRNA levels of IL-6， IL-1β， and TNF-α （P<0.01）. Compared with the model group， the drug administration groups showed reduced coughs （P<0.01）， lowered levels of CRP， TNF-α， IL-6， and MDA and elevated level of SOD in the BALF （P<0.05， P<0.01）， alleviated lung tissue congestion， inflammatory cell infiltration， and type Ⅱ epithelial cell injury， and decreased expression of IL-6 and TNF-α （P<0.01）. In addition， the medium-dose XEHT group and the montelukast sodium group showcased lowered serum levels of IgA and IgG （P<0.05， P<0.01）. The medium- and high-dose XEHT groups and the montelukast sodium showed down-regulated mRNA levels of IL-6， IL-1β， and TNF-α and the low-dose XEHT group showed down-regulated mRNA levels of IL-6 and TNF-α （P<0.05， P<0.01）. Phospholipase D， mammalian target of rapamycin （mTOR）， and epidermal growth factor receptor family of receptor tyrosine kinase （ErbB） signaling pathways were the common pathways predicted by both proteomics and network pharmacology. ConclusionProteomics combined with network pharmacology reveal that XEHT can ameliorate AC by regulating the phospholipase D， mTOR， and ErbB signaling pathways.