The authors used a microvascular corrosion cast/scanning electron microscopy (SEM) technique to study the microvascular bed of the muscles of the medial pterygoid and masseter in two normal babies. The cast were prepared by perfusing the microvascular vessels with methyl methacrylate. Under SEM, the patterns of branches of the arteriole are: 1. tree like ramifications; 2. symmetrical branching; 3. fine plexiform branching. Moreover, the casts of arterial and venous vessels showed on their surfaces the typical imprint of the endothelial lining. Therefore, the venous vessels could be easily identified by the round nuclei of the endothelial cells of the venous vessels. On the other side, arteries and arterioles displayed spindle shaped nuclear imprints, oriented along the direction of the vessel. The morphological and functional characterization of the imprint of the precapillary sphincter and the two-grade anastomoses of the arcade arteries. The diameter of the capillary casts (mean?SE) was 5.6?1.9?m. Two or three capillaries join together to form a postcapillary venules, sometimes a single capillary reaches a major venous trunk was observed. These structural features were considered to play an important physiological role in the microcirculation in skeletal muscle.

0.05);the main infection site was lower respiratory tract(61.97%),followed by surgical site infection(SSI)(23.94%).CONCLUSIONS In order to reduce postoperation nosocomial infection rate,we should take following measures:Improve pulmonary function,remove tracheal intubation as early as possible,shorten lasting time of surgery and days before operation,keep aseptic technique,strengthen nursing,enhance immunity,and use antimicrobial agents reasonably.

Objective To prepare a 10-hydroxycamptothecin (10-HCPT) loaded folate-receptor targeted phase-change contrast agent (FR-HCPT-PNPCA),and to study the general characteristics including drug loading,phase changing and targeting capability in vitro.Methods Using a method of two-step emulsification,the phase-change nanoparticles loading anticancer drug (10-HCPT) with lipids shell and liquid pefluorocarbon core were prepared.The entrapment efficiency and the drug-loading amounts were studied by high performance liquid chromatography,and the phase transition of the nanoparticles after heating was observed.The targeting ability was evaluated on liver cancer cell line 7721 in vitro.Results The FR-HCPT-PNPCA,with a drug encapsulation rate of about 70.42 ％ and drug loading amounts of about 20.05 ％,was prepared successfully.When being heated to 70℃,obvious phase changing and microbubbles generating could be observed under microscope.In addition,a large amount of FR-HCPT-PNPCA particles could adhere specifically around the 7721 cells.Conclusion The prepared FR-HCPT-PNPCA,which has a stable characteristic and high performance of drug loading and tumor targeting,is expected to become a promising multifunctional molecular ultrasound probe for diagnosis and treatment of tumor.

Objective To study the expression of HIF-1α and bcl-XL in gastric cancer and their relationship with tumor angiogenesis,clinicopathologic feature and prognosis.Methods Immunohistochemical technique was used to detect the expression of HIF-1α and bcl-XL in 54 cases of gastric canoer.SPSS 12.0 software was used to analyze the relationship between the expression of HIF-1α, bcl-XL and tumor angiogenesis,clinicopathologic feature of patients.Results The positive expression rate of HIF-1α in gastric cancer(74.07%) was significantly higher than that in normal gastric tissue(0),P＜0.01;The expression of HIF-1α in gastric cancer was significantly associated with TNM stage,invasive depth and lymph-node metastasis,P＜0.05 or P＜0.01;The positive expression rate of bcl-XL in gastric cancer(53.7%) was significantly higher than that in normal gastric tissue(33.3%),P＜0.05;The expression of bcl-XL in gastric cancer was significantly associated with histological types,TNM stage and lymph-node metastasis,P＜0.05;There was a positive correlation between expression of HIF-1α and bcl-XL (r=0.41,P＜0.05).Conclusion HIF-1α and bcl-XL play a very important role in the development in gastric cancer and could be a factor in diagnosis of gastric cancer and estimation of prognosis.

Objective To investigate the expression of microRNA‐101 (miRNA‐101 ) in human gastric cancer ,and to explore its effects on proliferation ,migration and invasion of gastric cancer cell . Methods The expression of miRNA‐101 in 28 human gastric cancer tissues ,human gastric cell lines BGC‐823 , SGC‐7901 , MKN‐45 , AGS and human normal gastric epithelial cell line GES‐1 were determined by real time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) .Recombinant miRNA‐101 adenovirus vector was constructed . The effects of miRNA‐101 on gastric cancer proliferation was detected with cell proliferation assay .The ability of gastric cancer cell migration and invasion was assessed with Transwell assay .Gastric xenograft cancer model was established in BALB /c nude mice and the tumor size was compared .The t test was used for the statistical analysis .Results The expression of miRNA‐101 in gastric cancer tissues was 0 .661 ± 0 .396 ,which was lower than that of corresponding para carcinoma tissues (1 .128 ± 0 .697) ,and the difference was statistically significant (t = 10 .091 , P < 0 .01) .The expression of miRNA‐101 in normal gastric epithelial cell line GES‐1 was higher than those of gastric cancer cell lines BGC‐823 ,SGC‐7901 , MKN‐45 and AGS . There was significant suppression role of miRNA‐101 on MKN‐45 cells proliferation , and which also had inhibition role on cell migration and invasion of gastric cancer cell lines BGC‐823 ,SGC‐7901 ,MKN‐45 and AGS .At five weeks after MKN‐45 gastric xenograft cancer nude mice model established ,the tumor size of Ad‐miRNA‐101 group ((333 .56 ± 46 .71) mm3 ) was smaller than that of Ad‐enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) group (806 .41 ± 51 .83) mm3 ,and the difference was statistically significant (t = 21 .431 , P < 0 .01 ) .Conclusion In gastric tissues and cells ,miRNA‐101 is a tumor suppressive miRNA and its downregulated expression involved in the genesis and development of gastric cancer ,which may be a new target of biological target therapy in gastric cancer .

Objective To compare the Dectin-1 signal transduction pathway and its function on dendritic cells between a female patient with recurrent vulvovaginal candidiasis (RVVC) and a healthy woman,and to explore the possible mechanism for VVC recurrence in this patient.Methods Venous blood samples were collected from a female patient with RVVC and a healthy woman.Then,monocytes were isolated from the blood samples,and were induced to differentiate into dendritic cells (DCs) in vitro.The obtained DCs were divided into three groups to be cultured alone,cocultured with Candida albicans or the combination of Candida albicans and anti-Dectin-1 antibodies for different durations.Flow cytometry was performed to determine the expression levels of CD83,CD86 and CD80 on DCs to evaluate the maturity of DCs,Western blot analysis to measure the protein expressions of Dectin-1,Syk and CARD9 in DCs,and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) to determine the levels of interleukin (IL)-23,tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) and IL-12 in the culture supernatant of DCs.Results After co-culture with Candida albicans for 24 hours,the expressions of CD83,CD86 and CD80 were significantly inhibited on the patient-derived DCs compared with the controlderived DCs.Western blot analysis showed no significant differences in the expression of Dectin-1 between the controland patient-derived DCs,but a decrease in the expressions of phosphorylated-Syk and CARD9 in the patient-derived DCs compared with the control-derived DCs after 2-hour coculture with Candida albicans.After co-culture with Candida albicans for 6 hours,the levels of IL-23,TNF-α and IL-12 were lower in the culture supernatant of patient-derived DCs than in that of control-derived DCs.Furthermore,the anti-Dectin antibody showed no inhibitory effects on the activation of the Syk-dependent signal transduction pathway in or the secretion of the above cytokines by the patient-derived DCs.Conclusion The Dectin-1 signal transduction pathway was abnormal in DCs from the patient with RVVC,which may decelerate the maturation of DCs,inhibit the secretion of IL-23,TNF-o and IL-12 by them,and finally result in a defect in natural mucosal immunity against Candida infection in the host.

Objective To partially purify the toxic factor secreted by A. corymbifera and to analyze the mechanism of A. corymbifera-induced human umbilical vein endothelial cell (HUVEC) apoptosis. Methods Glycoprotein secreted by A. corymbifera was purified by Con A Lectin chromatography. The influence of different protein fractions on HUVEC apoptosis was determined by flow eytometer. Both denaturing and nondenaturing deglycosylation of purified glycoprotein was performed and the ability of the protein moiety and carbohydrate moiety to induce HUVEC apoptosis was evaluated respectively. Activation of related caspases during A. corymbifera-induced apoptosis was analyzed by Western blot. The role of caspase-8 and -9 in HUVEC apoptosis was investigated using caspase inhibitors. Caspase inhibitors were used to stop the suppression of HUVEC viability by XTT assay. Results Flow cytometric analysis shows the total protein as well as the glycoprotein fraction of A. corymbifera may induce HUVEC apoptosis in a dose dependent manner. In contrast, similar activity was not observed in the non-glycoprotein fraction. Neither deglycosylated protein nor carbohydrate moiety is able to induce HUVEC apoptosis alone. In the apoptotic signaling pathway, caspase9, caspase-3 and cytochrome C were activated significantly, except caspase-8. Moreover, caspase-9 inhibitor, instead of caspase-8 inhibitor, completely abrogates A. corymbifera-induced HUVEC apoptosis. Caspase9 and caspase-3 inhibitors completely waived the suppression of HUVEC viability by A. corymbifera. Conclusion Glycoprotein secreted by A. corymbifera is associated with HUVEC apoptosis. Intact glycoprotein is essential for the apoptotic progress. Intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway mediates A. corymbifera-induced HUVEC apoptosis.

Objective To analyze the influence of Absidia corymbifera on cell activity of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) as well as the related mechanism. Methods Time course analy sis of the influence of A. corymbifera on cell viability of HUVEC was determined by cell counting after Trypan blue staining. Apoptosis of HUVEC induced by A. corymbifera was observed under fluorescence microscope after treatment with apoptosis detection kit. Time course analysis of HUVEC apoptosis induced by A. corymbifera was detected by flow cytometry quantitatively. Effect of caspase-3 inhibitor on A. corymbifera associated apoptosis was also evaluated at the same time. Activation of caspase-3 inside HUVEC was detected by Western blot. Results A. corymbifera inhibited cell viability of HUVEC in a time-dependent manner by Trypan blue staining. After 12 hours' co-culture, A. corymbifera began to show suppression on cell viability (P =0. 001 ). Fluorescence microscope observation revealed A. corymbifera induced apoptosis of HUVEC instead of necrosis. Flow cytometry analysis showed A. corymbifera induced apoptosis of HUVEC in a time-dependent manner. A. corymbifera began to show obvious effect on apoptosis after 12 h co-culture (P =0.0036). Moreover, A. corymbifera-associated apoptosis was almost abrogated completely by caspase-3 inhibitor. Western blot analysis demonstrated that A. corymbifera triggered the activation of caspase-3 inside HUVEC in a timedependent fashion. Conclusion A. corymbifera induces apoptosis of HUVEC in vitro. Such apoptotic signal is transmitted through caspase cascade reaction.

OBJECTIVE To understand the sites of nosocomial infection and its pathogenic bacteria. METHODS Infection sites and pathogens of 2134 patients with nosocomial infection were analyzed. RESULTS Totally 2235 infections were occurred. The main site was lower respiratory tract(30.47%),followed by upper respiratory tract(18.20%) and operated wound(12.17%). Among 815 strains,149 were Gram-positive bacteria,456 Gram-negative bacteria and 210 fungi. The rates of main Gram-positive cocci in lower respiratory tract,burned and operated wounds were 42.14%,20.00% and 12.86%,respectively; the rates of main Gram-negative rods in lower respiratory tract,burned wound and urinary tract was 44.14%,29.70% and 10.90%,respectively; the rates of fungi in lower respiratory tract,oral cavity and gastrointestinal tract was 41.90%,18.56% and 18.10%,respectively. CONCLUSIONS According to the main sites and pathogenic bacteria of nosocomial infection,countermeasure should be taken to prevent and control nosocomial infection.

[Objective]The purpose of this study is to provide a new idea for the prevention and treatment of PCOS in around-adolescence period through the cooperation of Wenshen Huatan prescription and food exchange. [Methods]By referring to and sorting out the related literatures, combined with clinical practice, this paper discusses how to form a specific plan of prevention and treatment of around -adolescence PCOS complicated with IGT by Wenshen Huatan prescription and food exchange. [Results]Food exchange can scientifically control diet, combined with kidney-warming and phlegm-Tiaojing, spleen phlegm, which has a remarkable effect on the treatment of around-adolescence PCOS complicated with IGT, such as improving clinical symptoms, shortening the menstrual cycle, improving endocrine disorders and insulin resistance.[Conclusion]It is significant for patients with IGT-type PCOS around-adolescence by the exchange of food with Wenshen Huatan prescription combined with diet intervention, which provides a new train of thought for clinical research.