The earlier the diagnosis of acute type A aortic dissection is made, the more frequent the complications of aortic root destruction and/or a compromised coronary artery are encountered. Only aortography is diagnostic in these lesions, however, recently this modality tends to be avoided in order to try to improve the survival rate of the patients by obtaining diagnosis by noninvasive modalities. Therefore, contrast-enhanced CT scans in 49 patients with aortic dissection were analyzed in order to detect the slightest signs suggesting aortic root lesions. In 4 of the 6 cases in which intimal flap was detected in the aortic root by CT and in 2 of the 14 cases with an aortic root more than 35mm in diameter, aortic root reconstruction and/or concomitant CABG were neccessary for the repair of the destroyed aortic root. The aortic root diameter was more than 40mm in 8 of 9 patients with aortic root destruction, with a mean value of 45.6±3.6mm (p<0.01). In summary, detection of a septum in the aortic root and/or an aortic root dilated more than 40mm on CT were important signs suggesting the dissection extending to the aortic sinus combined with aortic root destruction. In such cases aortic root reconstruction and/or concomitant CABG may be necessary.

Background: The “work style reform of physicians” is due to come into effect in April 2024. Cardiovascular surgery involves many life-saving surgeries after hours, and it is expected to be difficult to achieve the upper limit (level A) of 960 h per year and less than 100 h per month for overtime work. In 2021, there were five full-time cardiovascular surgeons, four of whom were responsible for performing emergency surgery for acute aortic dissection in our facility. The ability to provide emergency surgical care with any two-person combination increases the flexibility of staffing for routine surgery or after-hours on-call. The working environment and surgical outcomes of acute aortic dissection under this system are reported, and changes in work style in cardiovascular surgery are discussed. Methods: The surgical outcomes of 39 cases of acute aortic dissection requiring emergency open heart surgery at this hospital during the one-year period from January to December 2021 were investigated. The number of cases (and first assistants) performed by five full-time surgeons were 7(13), 9(6), 12(3), 11(7) and 0(10), respectively. In addition, there were 8 cases of acute aortic dissection requiring urgent stent graft treatment during the same period. The emergency response rate for emergency patients (including those other than acute aortic dissection) was 100% during the same period. Results: The age was 69 years (median), 48.7% were female, 92.3% were Stanford type A, of which 22.2% were DeBakey type II. Shock vital 20.5%, malperfusion 30.8%. The surgical procedures included TAR in 19 cases, PAR in 8 cases, HAR in 12 cases (including 2 Bentall). Concomitant operations were AVR in 5 cases, CABG in 2 cases, TEVAR in 1 case, lower limb arterioplasty in 2 cases and right hemispherectomy in 1 case. Operating time 400 min (median), extracorporeal circulation time 194 min (median), cardiac arrest 108 min (median), selective cerebral perfusion time 125 min (median), lower body circulation arrest 46 min (median). Hospital mortality 7.7%, stroke 12.8%, delayed paraparesis 2.6%. Ventilation time was 1 day (median), hospital stay 23 days (median), 64.1% were discharged at home. Working Environments: 12-13 on-calls per month. Maximum yearly overtime work is 480.5 h with full overtime pay. Exemptions from working after night shift were also possible. Conclusions: The surgical outcomes of acute aortic dissection at our hospital were acceptable. Not having a fixed surgeon enabled a flexible emergency response, and increased the flexibility of staffing for routine surgery and on-call, and was considered to enable both a change in working style and surgical safety while meeting the needs of the community.

The University of Tokyo Disability Services Office and the University of Tokyo Hospital have striven to advance the inclusion of individuals with disabilities and to encourage the co-production of research as well as mental health services with peer support workers. In convergence with these endeavors, the Center for Diversity in Medical Education and Research (CDMER) was founded in 2021. The Center aims to establish an environment and culture that facilitates the participation and success of medical professionals with disabilities. For this purpose, it is essential to integrate the perspective of the social model of disability into medical education and promote co-production in the medical field, which is among the most challenging areas that can realize co-production. The Center is involved in various educational and research activities, including managing educational programs for medical students and supporting student-led research.