As the rapid development of genomics , functional genomics and information technology , precision medicine came into being after evidence-based medicine .Precision medicine not only urges clinical doctors to analyze disease at a molecular level to a -chieve precision diagnosis , but also requires us to seek the best therapeutic targets according to the patient 's genetic information to a-chieve precision treatment .The United States and China have launched their precision medicine initiative in 2015 , thus the precision medicine era is coming .This review will focus on gene sequencing , big data integration , molecular pathology , non-invasive prenatal precision diagnosis , and precision cancer medicine to elucidate the application of precision medicine concept in clinical practice .

This paper digested some papers that were published from January to October,2009,and concerning about Chinese schistosomiasis control and research of schistosome,covering ectopie schistosomiasis,antischistosomal drugs and molluseieides,vector biology,epidemiology,etc.

This paper digested some papers that were published from January to October,2009,and concerning about Chinese schistosomiasis control and research of schistosome,covering schistosomiasis control strategy,schistosome genomies and proteomics,immunodiagnosis of schistosomiasis,molecular biology and immunology,etc.

This review describes the major species,number,breeding pattern,ratio of fenced to freely grazed goat,suscepti?bility to Schistosoma japonicum,pattern of S. japonicum infection,infection rate,intensity of infection,fecal contamination of goat that were bred in 5 marshland and lake provinces of Hunan,Hubei,Jiangxi,Anhui and Jiangsu,and two mountainous provinces of Yunnan and Sichuan,and demonstrates the associations of infected goat distribution with the distribution of infect?ed Oncomelania hupensis snails and humans. Considering the huge number of goat which were predominantly grazed freely in marshland and lake endemic regions of China,the high infection rate,numerous environmental pollution by goat feces,as well as the close correlation between the infected goat distribution and infected snail distribution,goat is considered as a major infec?tious source for schistosomiasis japonica in China,and to play a critical role in the transmission of the disease. Since the control of schistosomiasis in animals is critical to schistosomiasis interruption and elimination,it is suggested that the integrated man?agement of goat schistosomiasis should be included in the national schistosomiasis control program of China.

Schistosomiasis is a neglected tropical disease that severely threatens human health and affects the socioeconomic development. The causative agent that parasitizes in humans mainly involves Schistosoma japonicum,S. mansoni,S. haematobi-um,S. intercalatum and S. mekongi. As the firstly identified schistosome,S. haematobium infection is found to strongly correlate with bladder cancer. This paper mainly reviews the discovery,morphology and life cycle of S. haematobium.

Objective To evaluate the outcomes of implementation of integrated schistosomiasis control strategy with empha? sis on infectious source control using a bibliometric method. Methods The literature pertaining to integrated schistosomiasis control strategy with emphasis on infectious source control was retrieved from CNKI,Wanfangdata,VIP,PubMed,Web of Sci? ence,BIOSIS and Google Scholar,and a bibliometric analysis of literature captured was performed. Results During the period from January 1,2004 through September 30,2014,a total of 94 publications regarding integrated schistosomiasis control strate? gy with emphasis on infectious source control were captured,including 78 Chinese articles(82.98%)and 16 English papers (17.02%). The Chinese literature was published in 21 national journals,and Chinese Journal of Schistosomiasis Control had the largest number of publications,consisting of 37.23% of total publications;16 English papers were published in 12 interna? tional journals,and PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases had the largest number of publications(3 publications). There were 37 affiliations publishing these 94 articles,and National Institute of Parasitic Diseases,Chinese Center for Disease Control and Pre? vention(16 publications),Anhui Institute of Schistosomiasis Control(12 publications)and Hunan Institute of Schistosomiasis Control(9 publications)ranked top three affiliations in number of publications. A total of 157 persons were co?authored in these 94 publications,and Wang,Zhou and Zhang ranked top 3 authors in number of publications. Conclusion The integrated schistosomiasis control strategy with emphasis on infectious source control has been widely implemented in China,and the achievements obtained from the implementation of this strategy should be summarized and transmitted internationally.

Objective:To generate monoclonal antibodies against ciprofloxacin (CIP) and to analyze its immunological traits for establishing a determination method for ciprofloxacin residues in food tissues.Methods:BALB/c mice were immunized by the conjugation of CIP-BSA successfully.The splenic cells of BALB/c mice and the oncocyte were fused and screened in HAT culture medium.Cell strains of 1C9,3F6,6H2,6A7,6G11 and 8F5 were cloned,which could secret the monoclonal antibody (Mab) for ciprofloxacin.Results:By ELISA method,the haplotype of Mabs were identified.The antibody secreted by 1C9,3F6 and 6A7 were classified to the IgG2a.Those of 6H2 and 8F5 were classified to the IgG1 while 6G11 to IgG3.The results of SDS-PAGE showed that the Mab protein was made up of the weight chain and the light chain whose molecular weight were 50 kD and 25 kD,respectively.All of those Mabs had fine specificity and sensibility.The indirect ELISA titer of 1C9 was 1:6.4?102 in supernatant and 1:5.6?105 in ascites.The affinity of 1C9 was 2.85?109 L/mol and the value of IC50 reached to 245.86 ng/ml.The protein secreted by 1C9 was screened for establishing the ELISA method and the detective limitation reached to 45.25 ng/ml.There were no cross reactions to Ofloxacin,Difloxacin,Sarafloxacin,Malachite green,Chloramphenicol and Furacilin while the rate of cross reaction to Enrofloxacin could reach to 84.6%.Conclusion:The Mabs are sensitive and specific,which are suitable to be applied in establishing immunoassay of CIP residues.

Sports fatigue was pivotal subject in the research of sports science.The effect of nutrition supplement on the elimination of sports fatigue was reviewed.

Objective To investigate the sensitivity of dihydroartemisinin against different developmental stages of Schistosoma japonicum, so as to understand the effect of dihydroarteminisin against on S. japonicum. Methods Mice were infected with 40 S. japonicum cercariae on the abdomen. Dihydroartemisinin was given intragastrically at different developmental stages of S. japonicum , and the mice were sacrificed 50 days post-infection, the adult worms were collected, and the worm reduction rates and female worm reduction rates were calculated. ① On the 2nd h, 3rd, 5th, 7th, 10th, 14th, 18th, 21st, 28th, 35th day post-infection, the mice were administered intragastrically with dihydroartemisinin at a single dose of 300 mg/kg, and the effect of dihydroarteminisin on different developmental stages of S. japonicum were observed. ② The mice were administered with different doses of dihydroartemisinin on the 7th or 35th day post-infection, and the dose-effect was explored. ③ The mice were administered on the 7th day post-infection and re-administered on the 35th day post-infection, respectively with different doses of dihydroartemisinin, and the effect was evaluated. Results The dihydroartemisinin at a single dose of 300 mg/kg had obvious effect on 7-day schistosomula and 35-day adult worms, with 64.81% and 60.47% of worm reduction rates and 73. 81% and 90.48% of female worm reduction rates, respectively. When the mice on the 7th day post-infection were administered with 200, 300, 400 and 600 mg/kg dihydroartemisinin, the worm reduction rates were 46.84% , 60.63% , 59.55% and 60. 21% , respectively, and the female reduction rates were 59.73% , 72.29% , 72.58% and 76.61 % , respectively. While in the mice on the 35th day post-infection, the corresponding rates were 47. 23% , 62.33% , 76.31% and 83.63% , respectively, and 59. 73% , 89. 36% , 89.65% and 93.96% , respectively. When the mice were treated twice with dihydroartemisinin on the 7th day and 35th day post-infection, the worm reduction rates were 58. 16% , 82.66% ,83.42% and 83.79% , respectively, and the female worm reduction rates were 68.69% , 90.43% , 93.74% and 94.63% , respectively. Conclusions Dihydroartemisinin has effect against S. japonicum, and the 7-day schistosomulum and 35-day adult worm are sensitive to the drug.

Objective To research the homology of 18S small subunit ribosomal RNA(18S-rRNA) gene about Chinese Mainland and Philippine strains of Schistosoma japonicum,and Schistosoma mansoni,and the possibility to establish the PCR assay based on the gene for detecting the cercaria in a low density level. Methods The genomic DNAs of Chinese Mainland and Philippine strains of S.japonicum,and S.mansoni were extracted. The PCR assay was used to detect the identical target DNA elements in the above genome team and the homology of their genes was compared. The single cercaria was respectively treated with the method of heating in boiling water,the method of treating with ammonia and the method of treating with NaOH,HCl and ethanol,and the single treated cercaria and the single cercaria without treating were used as the templates to amplify the target DNA by using the PCR assay,and the detection rates of the PCR assay to detect the single cercaria treated with the different methods were calculated and compared. Results With the genomic DNAs of Chinese Mainland and Philippine strains of S.japonicum and S.mansoni as the templates,the target DNA element of which sequence length was 469 bp was all amplified by PCR. The target DNA was all amplified by PCR to the single cercaria treated with ammonia and the method of treating with NaOH,HCl and ethanol. However,only 50 percent of specimens of the single cercaria without treating and the single cercaria treated with the method of heating in boiling water were amplified to the target DNA by PCR. Conclusions The 18S-rRNA gene has the general homology among the species and strains of Schistosoma. The sensitivity of the PCR assay to detect the low density cercaria treated with ammonia or the method of treating with NaOH,HCl and ethanol is higher than that of the single cercaria without treating or treated with the method of heating in boiling water.