Here, we describe a case of Turner syndrome first diagnosed at 61 years of age. The patient’s chief complaint was general edema. A cardiologist was consulted, who performed echocardiogram and coronary heart computed tomography. Chromosomal analysis yielded inconclusive results for Turner syndrome. The patient’s karyotype was 45,X[17]/46,X,psu idic(Y)(q11.23), and she was referred to a gynecologist a time span. The patient was nulliparous with no history of sexual contact. We performed a prophylactic gonadectomy, but no malignancy was detected pathologically.

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: The Omega-3 Index (O3I), which is the total eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) in erythrocytes as a percentage of total fatty acids (FAs), is associated with fish intake. O3I also varies with body mass index, age, sex, and dietary factors other than the intake of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs). This study examined the relationship between the dietary intake of total fat and FA classes, and O3I, specifically regarding EPA+DHA intake. SUBJECTS/METHODS: Data on dietary intake and serum FAs from 2,370 participants (1,192 males and 1,178 females) aged 18–79 yrs, collected during the 2011–2012 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, were used in this study. The O3I was estimated from the serum EPA+DHA content. RESULTS: In the total population, O3I showed an inverse correlation with the intake of total fat (r = -0.417), saturated FAs (SFAs; r = -0.423), and monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs; r = -0.412) (P < 0.01). Similar relationships were observed among males. However, in females, only SFA intake was correlated with O3I (r = -0.386, P < 0.05). In contrast, no correlation was observed between n-6 PUFA intake and O3I. Multivariable regression analysis also showed that a 1% increment in energy provided by total fat, SFA, and MUFA corresponded to reductions of 0.019, 0.055, and 0.035 units in O3I, respectively (P < 0.01). Both SFA and MUFA intakes mediated the negative relationship between total fat intake and O3I in the total population and males. However, MUFA were not significant mediators in women. CONCLUSION The intakes of total fat, SFA, and MUFA negatively influenced O3I, independent of n-3 PUFA intake.

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: The Omega-3 Index (O3I), which is the total eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) in erythrocytes as a percentage of total fatty acids (FAs), is associated with fish intake. O3I also varies with body mass index, age, sex, and dietary factors other than the intake of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs). This study examined the relationship between the dietary intake of total fat and FA classes, and O3I, specifically regarding EPA+DHA intake. SUBJECTS/METHODS: Data on dietary intake and serum FAs from 2,370 participants (1,192 males and 1,178 females) aged 18–79 yrs, collected during the 2011–2012 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, were used in this study. The O3I was estimated from the serum EPA+DHA content. RESULTS: In the total population, O3I showed an inverse correlation with the intake of total fat (r = -0.417), saturated FAs (SFAs; r = -0.423), and monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs; r = -0.412) (P < 0.01). Similar relationships were observed among males. However, in females, only SFA intake was correlated with O3I (r = -0.386, P < 0.05). In contrast, no correlation was observed between n-6 PUFA intake and O3I. Multivariable regression analysis also showed that a 1% increment in energy provided by total fat, SFA, and MUFA corresponded to reductions of 0.019, 0.055, and 0.035 units in O3I, respectively (P < 0.01). Both SFA and MUFA intakes mediated the negative relationship between total fat intake and O3I in the total population and males. However, MUFA were not significant mediators in women. CONCLUSION The intakes of total fat, SFA, and MUFA negatively influenced O3I, independent of n-3 PUFA intake.

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: The Omega-3 Index (O3I), which is the total eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) in erythrocytes as a percentage of total fatty acids (FAs), is associated with fish intake. O3I also varies with body mass index, age, sex, and dietary factors other than the intake of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs). This study examined the relationship between the dietary intake of total fat and FA classes, and O3I, specifically regarding EPA+DHA intake. SUBJECTS/METHODS: Data on dietary intake and serum FAs from 2,370 participants (1,192 males and 1,178 females) aged 18–79 yrs, collected during the 2011–2012 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, were used in this study. The O3I was estimated from the serum EPA+DHA content. RESULTS: In the total population, O3I showed an inverse correlation with the intake of total fat (r = -0.417), saturated FAs (SFAs; r = -0.423), and monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs; r = -0.412) (P < 0.01). Similar relationships were observed among males. However, in females, only SFA intake was correlated with O3I (r = -0.386, P < 0.05). In contrast, no correlation was observed between n-6 PUFA intake and O3I. Multivariable regression analysis also showed that a 1% increment in energy provided by total fat, SFA, and MUFA corresponded to reductions of 0.019, 0.055, and 0.035 units in O3I, respectively (P < 0.01). Both SFA and MUFA intakes mediated the negative relationship between total fat intake and O3I in the total population and males. However, MUFA were not significant mediators in women. CONCLUSION The intakes of total fat, SFA, and MUFA negatively influenced O3I, independent of n-3 PUFA intake.

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: The Omega-3 Index (O3I), which is the total eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) in erythrocytes as a percentage of total fatty acids (FAs), is associated with fish intake. O3I also varies with body mass index, age, sex, and dietary factors other than the intake of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs). This study examined the relationship between the dietary intake of total fat and FA classes, and O3I, specifically regarding EPA+DHA intake. SUBJECTS/METHODS: Data on dietary intake and serum FAs from 2,370 participants (1,192 males and 1,178 females) aged 18–79 yrs, collected during the 2011–2012 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, were used in this study. The O3I was estimated from the serum EPA+DHA content. RESULTS: In the total population, O3I showed an inverse correlation with the intake of total fat (r = -0.417), saturated FAs (SFAs; r = -0.423), and monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs; r = -0.412) (P < 0.01). Similar relationships were observed among males. However, in females, only SFA intake was correlated with O3I (r = -0.386, P < 0.05). In contrast, no correlation was observed between n-6 PUFA intake and O3I. Multivariable regression analysis also showed that a 1% increment in energy provided by total fat, SFA, and MUFA corresponded to reductions of 0.019, 0.055, and 0.035 units in O3I, respectively (P < 0.01). Both SFA and MUFA intakes mediated the negative relationship between total fat intake and O3I in the total population and males. However, MUFA were not significant mediators in women. CONCLUSION The intakes of total fat, SFA, and MUFA negatively influenced O3I, independent of n-3 PUFA intake.

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: The Omega-3 Index (O3I), which is the total eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) in erythrocytes as a percentage of total fatty acids (FAs), is associated with fish intake. O3I also varies with body mass index, age, sex, and dietary factors other than the intake of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs). This study examined the relationship between the dietary intake of total fat and FA classes, and O3I, specifically regarding EPA+DHA intake. SUBJECTS/METHODS: Data on dietary intake and serum FAs from 2,370 participants (1,192 males and 1,178 females) aged 18–79 yrs, collected during the 2011–2012 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, were used in this study. The O3I was estimated from the serum EPA+DHA content. RESULTS: In the total population, O3I showed an inverse correlation with the intake of total fat (r = -0.417), saturated FAs (SFAs; r = -0.423), and monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs; r = -0.412) (P < 0.01). Similar relationships were observed among males. However, in females, only SFA intake was correlated with O3I (r = -0.386, P < 0.05). In contrast, no correlation was observed between n-6 PUFA intake and O3I. Multivariable regression analysis also showed that a 1% increment in energy provided by total fat, SFA, and MUFA corresponded to reductions of 0.019, 0.055, and 0.035 units in O3I, respectively (P < 0.01). Both SFA and MUFA intakes mediated the negative relationship between total fat intake and O3I in the total population and males. However, MUFA were not significant mediators in women. CONCLUSION The intakes of total fat, SFA, and MUFA negatively influenced O3I, independent of n-3 PUFA intake.

Objective: The incidence of hip fractures is increasing worldwide with the aging population, causing a challenge to healthcare systems due to the associated morbidities and high risk of mortality. After hip fractures in frail geriatric patients, existing comorbidities worsen and new complications are prone to occur. Comprehensive rehabilitation is essential for promoting physical function recovery and minimizing complications, which can be achieved through a multidisciplinary approach. Recommendations are required to assist healthcare providers in making decisions on rehabilitation post-surgery. Clinical practice guidelines regarding rehabilitation (physical and occupational therapies) and management of comorbidities/complications in the postoperative phase of hip fractures have not been developed. This guideline aimed to provide evidence-based recommendations for various treatment items required for proper recovery after hip fracture surgeries. Methods Reflecting the complex perspectives associated with rehabilitation post-hip surgeries, 15 key questions (KQs) reflecting the complex perspectives associated with post-hip surgery rehabilitation were categorized into four areas: multidisciplinary, rehabilitation, community-care, and comorbidities/complications. Relevant literature from four databases (PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, and KoreaMed) was searched for articles published up to February 2020. The evidence level and recommended grade were determined according to the grade of recommendation assessment, development, and evaluation method. Results A multidisciplinary approach, progressive resistance exercises, and balance training are strongly recommended. Early ambulation, weigh-bearing exercises, activities of daily living training, community-level rehabilitation, management of comorbidities/complication prevention, and nutritional support were also suggested. This multidisciplinary approach reduced the total healthcare cost. Conclusion This guideline presents comprehensive recommendations for the rehabilitation of adult patients after hip fracture surgery.

Objective: The incidence of hip fractures is increasing worldwide with the aging population, causing a challenge to healthcare systems due to the associated morbidities and high risk of mortality. After hip fractures in frail geriatric patients, existing comorbidities worsen and new complications are prone to occur. Comprehensive rehabilitation is essential for promoting physical function recovery and minimizing complications, which can be achieved through a multidisciplinary approach. Recommendations are required to assist healthcare providers in making decisions on rehabilitation post-surgery. Clinical practice guidelines regarding rehabilitation (physical and occupational therapies) and management of comorbidities/complications in the postoperative phase of hip fractures have not been developed. This guideline aimed to provide evidence-based recommendations for various treatment items required for proper recovery after hip fracture surgeries. Methods Reflecting the complex perspectives associated with rehabilitation post-hip surgeries, 15 key questions (KQs) reflecting the complex perspectives associated with post-hip surgery rehabilitation were categorized into four areas: multidisciplinary, rehabilitation, community-care, and comorbidities/complications. Relevant literature from four databases (PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, and KoreaMed) was searched for articles published up to February 2020. The evidence level and recommended grade were determined according to the grade of recommendation assessment, development, and evaluation method. Results A multidisciplinary approach, progressive resistance exercises, and balance training are strongly recommended. Early ambulation, weigh-bearing exercises, activities of daily living training, community-level rehabilitation, management of comorbidities/complication prevention, and nutritional support were also suggested. This multidisciplinary approach reduced the total healthcare cost. Conclusion This guideline presents comprehensive recommendations for the rehabilitation of adult patients after hip fracture surgery.