Despite the correction of secondary renal hyperparathyroidism after successful kidney transplantation, some recipients have persistent hyperparathyroidism due to autonomous hypertrophied parathyroid glands. St. Goar first identified and termed this disease as tertiary hyperparathyroidism. Surgery, either subtotal parathyroidectomy or total parathyroidectomy with autotransplantation, is the main treatment for tertiary hyperparathyroidism. Here, we report a case of a patient with tertiary hyperparathyroidism after two times of kidney transplantation who underwent subtotal parathyroidectomy and also review the relevant literature.
Autografts ; Humans ; Hyperparathyroidism ; Kidney Transplantation ; Parathyroid Glands ; Parathyroidectomy ; Transplantation, Autologous

A nasal polyp is a distinct mucosal pathology that obstructs the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses, with various phenotypes and endotypes. Nasal polyps should be distinguished from inverted papillomas, squamous cell carcinomas, juvenile angiofibromas, lymphomas, and olfactory neuroblastomas. A choanal polyp is a solitary benign lesion that originates in the paranasal sinus and extends to the choana through the natural ostium of the sinus. Choanal polyps usually originate from the maxillary sinus; however, we recently experienced the case of 41-year old women with sinochoanal polyp originated from the ethmoid sinus. As choanal polyps can recur even after appropriate surgery, complete resection, including the surrounding mucosa at the site of origin, is required. Therefore, it is essential to consider anatomical differences in polypectomy. We recently diagnosed and successfully performed surgery on an ethmochoanal polyp; herein, we report our experience and present a literature review.