PURPOSE: We compared the intraocular pressures (IOPs) measured by the Corvis ST (CST), Goldmann applanation tonometer (GAT), and Rebound tonometer (RBT) and correlated the measured IOPs with the corneal center thickness (CCT). METHODS: The IOPs were measured in 34 eyes of 34 normal subjects using the CST, GAT, and RBT by independent examiners. Comparisons between the IOPs measured by the CST and other tonometers were made using paired t-tests and Bland-Altman plots and Pearson's correlation coefficient was used to correlate the measured IOPs with the CCTs. RESULTS: The IOP measured by the CST (C-IOP; 14.57 ± 2.37 mmHg) was significantly higher than that measured by the GAT(13.56 ± 2.25 mmHg) and RBT (13.57 ± 3.26 mmHg) (p < 0.05). The biomechanically corrected C-IOP (C-bIOP; 13.40 ± 2.06mmHg) showed no difference from the GAT-IOP and RBT-IOP (p > 0.50). In analyzing the correlation with CCT, RBT-IOP (R =0.34; p = 0.705) showed a lower correlation than the GAT-IOP (R = 0.49; p < 0.01) and C-IOP (R = 0.48; p < 0.01). The C-bIOP showed no correlation with the CCT (p = 0.74). CONCLUSIONS The IOP measurements using the C-IOP were significantly higher than the RBT-IOP and GAT-IOP but the C-bIOP showed no difference from the RBT-IOP and GAT-IOP. C-IOP, RBT-IOP, and GAT-IOP were significantly correlated with corneal thickness, but there was no correlation between CCT and C-bIOP. C-bIOP may therefore be considered clinically useful.

Purpose: To analyze the corneal deflection amplitude (DA), as measured by the Corvis ST tonometer (Oculus), and other ocular parameters that could affect the DA in normal Korean eyes. Methods: A retrospective study was performed on 126 eyes of 126 normal Korean subjects. Intraocular pressure (IOP) was measured with Goldmann tonometry (IOP-G), and the Corvis ST was used to measure the corneal DA, central corneal thickness (CCT) and IOP; the biomechanically corrected IOP-B was measured with non-contact tonometry (IOP-N). Axial length (AxL), anterior chamber depth (ACD), and the mean keratometric value were obtained with the IOL Master instrument (Zeiss). The relationships between DA and other measurements were then evaluated. Results: The DA was positively correlated with AxL (p = 0.002) and ACD (p = 0.010), and negatively correlated with IOP-G (p < 0.001), IOP-N (p < 0.001), IOP-B (p < 0.001), and CCT (p = 0.006). However, when AxL, ACD, CCT, and each type of IOP were analyzed together, AxL (p = 0.016) and IOP-G (p < 0.001) were the parameters most significantly associated with the DA. Conclusions A longer AxL and greater ACD were associated with a higher DA, while a higher IOP and thicker CCT were associated with a lower DA. DA, one of the biochemical parameters of the cornea, was affected by multiple ocular factors, i.e., AxL and IOP. These factors should therefore be considered when interpreting DA measurements obtained using the Corvis ST.

Glaucoma is the leading cause of irreversible blindness worldwide. Increased intraocular pressure is the most important risk factor for glaucoma. Lifestyle patterns that can increase intraocular pressure include smoking, caffeine consumption, lifting heavy weights, certain yoga postures, playing wind instruments, using swimming goggles, and certain sleeping positions. Lifestyle patterns that may reduce intraocular pressure include aerobic exercise. Although only limited studies have investigated the relationship between these lifestyle patterns and glaucoma, smoking cessation and aerobic exercise are recommended. For other lifestyle patterns, including caffeine consumption, lifting heavy weights, certain yoga postures, wind instruments, swimming using goggles, and certain sleeping positions, there does not seem to be sufficient evidence to prohibit them, but they should be taken into account in patients with advanced glaucoma.
Blindness ; Caffeine ; Exercise ; Eye Protective Devices ; Glaucoma* ; Humans ; Intraocular Pressure ; Life Style* ; Lifting ; Posture ; Risk Factors ; Smoke ; Smoking ; Smoking Cessation ; Swimming ; Weights and Measures ; Wind ; Yoga

PURPOSE: To describe a modified surgical technique for blepharoptosis repair through a small orbital septum incision and minimal dissection, along with the results obtained in patients with coexisting dermatochalasis. METHODS: A retrospective chart review included 33 patients (52 eyelids) with blepharoptosis coexisting with dermatochalasis, surgically corrected through a small orbital septum incision and minimal dissection after redundant upper lid skin excision, by placing a single fixation suture between the levator aponeurosis and the tarsal plate. Outcome measures included the pre- and postoperative marginal reflex distances (MRD1), eyelid contour, post-operative complications, and need for reoperation. RESULTS: The pre- and postoperative MRD1 averaged 1.1 +/- 0.8 mm and 2.8 +/- 1.1 mm, respectively. Of the 33 patients, 9 patients (9 eyelids) underwent surgery on one eyelid for unilateral blepharoptosis and dermatochalasis (Group I), 5 patients (5 eyelids) underwent a simple skin excision blepharoplasty of the contralateral eyelid (Group II), and 19 patients (38 eyelids) underwent bilateral blepharoptosis and dermatochalasis repair (Group III). Of the 14 eyelids that underwent unilateral ptosis repair (Groups I and II), 12 eyelids (85.7%) showed less than a 1-mm difference from the contralateral eyelid. Of the 38 eyelids that underwent bilateral ptosis repair (Group III), 27 eyelids (71.1%), 5 eyelids (13.1%), and 6 eyelids (15.8%) had excellent, good, and poor outcomes, respectively. Overall, 44 eyelids (84.6%) out of a total of 52 eyelids had successful outcomes; the remaining 8 eyelids demonstrated unsatisfactory eyelid contour was corrected by an additional surgery. CONCLUSIONS: Blepharoptosis repair through a small orbital septum incision and minimal dissection can be considered an efficient technique in patients with ptosis and dermatochalasis.
Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Blepharoplasty/*methods ; Blepharoptosis/*surgery ; Dissection/*methods ; Eyelids/*surgery ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Oculomotor Muscles/surgery ; Orbit/*surgery ; Retrospective Studies ; *Sutures ; Treatment Outcome

PURPOSE: To report the results of ganglion cell analysis in a patient with optic tract syndrome who was previously diagnosed with glaucoma. CASE SUMMARY: A 32-year-old male, who had been diagnosed with glaucoma 12 years ago, but had not visited an ophthalmology clinic since then, came to our clinic for evaluation of his glaucoma. Both eyes showed an increased cup-to-disc ratio and temporal pallor of the disc. Retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) optical coherence tomography showed thinning of the superior, inferior, and temporal peripapillary RNFL in both eyes. On ganglion cell analysis (GCA), ganglion cell layer thinning in the nasal region of the right eye and in the temporal region of the left eye was observed. The visual field test showed right incongruous homonymous hemianopsia. After the atrophic change of the left optic tract was confirmed by orbit magnetic resonance imaging, he was diagnosed with left optic tract syndrome. CONCLUSIONS: We report the results of GCA in a case of optic tract syndrome, previously diagnosed as glaucoma. GCA can be useful when diagnosing optic tract syndrome.
Adult ; Ganglion Cysts ; Glaucoma ; Hemianopsia ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Male ; Nerve Fibers ; Ophthalmology ; Optic Nerve ; Optic Tract ; Orbit ; Pallor ; Retinaldehyde ; Temporal Lobe ; Tomography, Optical Coherence ; Visual Field Tests

This study sought to investigate the associations between metabolic health status, obesity, and incidence of primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG).