Purpose: The purpose of this study was to develop eating traits scale for Korean adults and verify its validity and reliability. Methods: The initial items were developed based on the literature reviews. The first preliminary scale has consisted of 78 items and the second preliminary scale consisted of 50 items selected by 13 experts who were formed to evaluate the content validity. To review whether they could understand the questionnaires at their reading level, 27 sixth-grade elementary school students were asked to be involved in this study. The questionnaire was revised through the consultation of Korean language teachers, and the final preliminary scale was composed of 50 items. Data were collected from 329 adults aged 19 to 65 years to test validity and reliability of the scale The item analysis and exploratory factor analysis were applied. Results: Exploratory factor analysis showed 5 factors of 35 items. The factors (No. of items) were ‘Mood states (6)’, ‘Pursuit of health (6)’, ‘Stimulation of food (9)’, ‘Social situations (5)’, ‘Desire satisfaction (9)’. These 5 factors explained 55.04% of the total variance. Eating traits scale developed in this study was established construct validity. The reliability of the scale, Cronbach's alpha coefficient was .92 and the factor’s ranged from .77 to .87. Conclusions Eating traits scale developed in this study was verified by content validity, construct validity and reliability. It is expected to be useful measuring eating traits of Korean adults in clinical practice and research.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to develop eating traits scale for Korean adults and verify its validity and reliability. Methods: The initial items were developed based on the literature reviews. The first preliminary scale has consisted of 78 items and the second preliminary scale consisted of 50 items selected by 13 experts who were formed to evaluate the content validity. To review whether they could understand the questionnaires at their reading level, 27 sixth-grade elementary school students were asked to be involved in this study. The questionnaire was revised through the consultation of Korean language teachers, and the final preliminary scale was composed of 50 items. Data were collected from 329 adults aged 19 to 65 years to test validity and reliability of the scale The item analysis and exploratory factor analysis were applied. Results: Exploratory factor analysis showed 5 factors of 35 items. The factors (No. of items) were ‘Mood states (6)’, ‘Pursuit of health (6)’, ‘Stimulation of food (9)’, ‘Social situations (5)’, ‘Desire satisfaction (9)’. These 5 factors explained 55.04% of the total variance. Eating traits scale developed in this study was established construct validity. The reliability of the scale, Cronbach's alpha coefficient was .92 and the factor’s ranged from .77 to .87. Conclusions Eating traits scale developed in this study was verified by content validity, construct validity and reliability. It is expected to be useful measuring eating traits of Korean adults in clinical practice and research.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to develop eating traits scale for Korean adults and verify its validity and reliability. Methods: The initial items were developed based on the literature reviews. The first preliminary scale has consisted of 78 items and the second preliminary scale consisted of 50 items selected by 13 experts who were formed to evaluate the content validity. To review whether they could understand the questionnaires at their reading level, 27 sixth-grade elementary school students were asked to be involved in this study. The questionnaire was revised through the consultation of Korean language teachers, and the final preliminary scale was composed of 50 items. Data were collected from 329 adults aged 19 to 65 years to test validity and reliability of the scale The item analysis and exploratory factor analysis were applied. Results: Exploratory factor analysis showed 5 factors of 35 items. The factors (No. of items) were ‘Mood states (6)’, ‘Pursuit of health (6)’, ‘Stimulation of food (9)’, ‘Social situations (5)’, ‘Desire satisfaction (9)’. These 5 factors explained 55.04% of the total variance. Eating traits scale developed in this study was established construct validity. The reliability of the scale, Cronbach's alpha coefficient was .92 and the factor’s ranged from .77 to .87. Conclusions Eating traits scale developed in this study was verified by content validity, construct validity and reliability. It is expected to be useful measuring eating traits of Korean adults in clinical practice and research.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to develop eating traits scale for Korean adults and verify its validity and reliability. Methods: The initial items were developed based on the literature reviews. The first preliminary scale has consisted of 78 items and the second preliminary scale consisted of 50 items selected by 13 experts who were formed to evaluate the content validity. To review whether they could understand the questionnaires at their reading level, 27 sixth-grade elementary school students were asked to be involved in this study. The questionnaire was revised through the consultation of Korean language teachers, and the final preliminary scale was composed of 50 items. Data were collected from 329 adults aged 19 to 65 years to test validity and reliability of the scale The item analysis and exploratory factor analysis were applied. Results: Exploratory factor analysis showed 5 factors of 35 items. The factors (No. of items) were ‘Mood states (6)’, ‘Pursuit of health (6)’, ‘Stimulation of food (9)’, ‘Social situations (5)’, ‘Desire satisfaction (9)’. These 5 factors explained 55.04% of the total variance. Eating traits scale developed in this study was established construct validity. The reliability of the scale, Cronbach's alpha coefficient was .92 and the factor’s ranged from .77 to .87. Conclusions Eating traits scale developed in this study was verified by content validity, construct validity and reliability. It is expected to be useful measuring eating traits of Korean adults in clinical practice and research.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to develop eating traits scale for Korean adults and verify its validity and reliability. Methods: The initial items were developed based on the literature reviews. The first preliminary scale has consisted of 78 items and the second preliminary scale consisted of 50 items selected by 13 experts who were formed to evaluate the content validity. To review whether they could understand the questionnaires at their reading level, 27 sixth-grade elementary school students were asked to be involved in this study. The questionnaire was revised through the consultation of Korean language teachers, and the final preliminary scale was composed of 50 items. Data were collected from 329 adults aged 19 to 65 years to test validity and reliability of the scale The item analysis and exploratory factor analysis were applied. Results: Exploratory factor analysis showed 5 factors of 35 items. The factors (No. of items) were ‘Mood states (6)’, ‘Pursuit of health (6)’, ‘Stimulation of food (9)’, ‘Social situations (5)’, ‘Desire satisfaction (9)’. These 5 factors explained 55.04% of the total variance. Eating traits scale developed in this study was established construct validity. The reliability of the scale, Cronbach's alpha coefficient was .92 and the factor’s ranged from .77 to .87. Conclusions Eating traits scale developed in this study was verified by content validity, construct validity and reliability. It is expected to be useful measuring eating traits of Korean adults in clinical practice and research.

The frontal cephalometric analysis has not gained its importance in maxillofacial surgery compared to the lateral cephalometric analysis. In general, the frontal cephalometric analysis is practicable in providing an accurate measurement of the horizontal position and the width of maxilla, zygoma, and mandible. It also provides an assessment in the horizontal and vertical asymmetry of the face. With this knowledge, it is reasonable to regard the frontal cephalometric analysis as a valuable tool in making accurate diagnosis, planning of operation and evaluation of the results for sophisticated maxillofacial surgery. In addition, a recent development of computer software provides an extra benefit in diagnosing and performing surgery which has been frequently used in the dental field, in contrast to its limited application in the plastic surgery. The authors measured the frontal cephalometry of 115 patients who had maxillofacial surgery in our hospital from January 2000 to October 2002. The total 124 operative procedures for the patients are as follows: 58 was angle contouring; 22 zygomatic reduction; 16 genioplasty; 11 sagital split ramus osteotomy; 4 anterior segmental osteotomy; 10 distraction osteogenesis, and 6 was two-jaw surgery. The detailed procedure of the measurement is as follows: Digital scanning of cephalometric films; Presentation of the digital images on computer software (Vceph(R), CyberMed Inc. Korea); Registration of 43 anatomic landmarks such as zygomatic arch, gonion, antegonion, jugular process, and the automatic analysis with a custom-modified computer software with 27 items including midline analysis, facial width and height analysis, ratio analysis, symmetry analysis, and mandibular analysis. The analyzed data can be depicted as in the figure and chart. With above the mentioned automatic analysis, we found it to be effective, time-saving and accurate in the diagnosis of the facial asymmetry and estimation of the ratio of the facial bone. In this study, the authors have devised the frontal cephalometric analysis for the plastic and reconstructive maxillofacial surgery and its automatically analyzed measurements by using the computer software. This modified frontal cephalometric analysis has proved to be useful and efficient for diagnosis, operation planning and evaluation of the result in maxillofacial surgery.
Anatomic Landmarks ; Cephalometry ; Diagnosis ; Facial Asymmetry ; Facial Bones* ; Genioplasty ; Humans ; Mandible ; Maxilla ; Osteogenesis, Distraction ; Osteotomy ; Surgery, Oral* ; Surgery, Plastic ; Surgical Procedures, Operative ; Zygoma

Most influenza vaccines currently in use target the highly variable hemagglutinin protein to induce neutralizing antibodies and therefore require yearly reformulation. T cell-based universal influenza vaccines focus on eliciting broadly cross-reactive T-cell responses, especially the tissue-resident memory T cell (TRM ) population in the respiratory tract, providing superior protection to circulating memory T cells. This study demonstrated that intramuscular (i.m.) administration of the adenovirus-based vaccine expressing influenza virus nucleoprotein (rAd/NP) elicited weak CD8 TRM responses in the lungs and airways, and yielded poor protection against lethal influenza virus challenge. However, a novel “prime-and-deploy” strategy that combines i.m. vaccination of rAd/NP with subsequent intranasal administration of an empty adenovector induced strong NP-specific CD8+ TRM cells and provided complete protection against influenza virus challenge. Overall, our results demonstrate that this “prime-and-deploy” vaccination strategy is potentially applicable to the development of universal influenza vaccines.

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Meal kits and home meal replacements (HMRs) are rapidly growing segments in the convenience food industry. Consequently, numerous studies have examined consumer perceptions of HMR and meal kits, respectively. HMR is an established segment, while meal kits are a recent category. Both segments offer convenience compared to home-cooked meals. However, meal kits offer a wider variety of recipes with fresh ingredients, requiring simple cooking steps to prepare the meal rather than merely heating the food. Despite the commonalities and differences, previous studies have only examined the purchasing behavior and influencing factors of either the meal kits or HMR.However, changes in the purchasing patterns of both segments may be correlated. This study investigates the relationship between consumer purchasing trends of meal kits and HMR and presents practical recommendations regarding the need of consumers for convenience foods.MATERIALS/METHODS: We conducted a panel regression analysis of consumer purchase data obtained from shopping receipts, spanning the 2019, 2020, and 2021 waves of the Korean Rural Development Administration. RESULTS: The results show that the purchases of meal kits and HMR increased during the period, suggesting a complementary relationship between the 2. We also found significant increases in purchases within 2 sub-categories of HMR, namely, ready-to-prepare and readyto-cook, alongside meal kits. These findings were further supported by the results of the sub-regression analysis. CONCLUSION The simultaneous growth of meal kits and HMR indicates that convenience foods continue to play a crucial role in meeting consumer needs in the food industry.In addition, considering the significant growth of the HMR sub-categories with fresh ingredients and cooking, we suggest that companies should aim to satisfy the desire of consumers for both convenience as well as freshness and culinary aspects.

Ultrasonography can be useful to perform a lumbar neuraxial block. It aids in understanding the anatomy of the lumbar spine before the procedure. Pre-procedural ultrasound imaging provides information about the accurate intervertebral level for puncture, optimal needle insertion point, and depth of needle advancement for a successful neuraxial block. The key ultrasonographic views for lumbar neuraxial block include the transverse midline interlaminar and parasagittal oblique views. Ultrasonography can facilitate lumbar neuraxial block in difficult cases, such as the elderly, obese patients, and patients with anatomical abnormality of the lumbar spine. This review elucidates the basics of spinal ultrasonography for lumbar neuraxial block and the current evidence regarding ultrasound-guided neuraxial block in adults.

A 2-year-old, female Pomeranian dog was referred for dyspnea. Thoracic radiographs revealed left-sided mediastinal shift, increased soft tissue opacity in the caudal aspect of left thorax with loss of the left diaphragmatic silhouette, and dorsal elevation of mediastinal structures and heart from the sternum by lung tissue. The left main bronchus was visualized as an air-bronchogram and observed to abruptly discontinue at the level of the 10th rib. Thoracic computed tomography (CT) revealed absence of the left lung parenchyma and left pulmonary vessels with a rudimentary left main bronchus. The case was congenital pulmonary aplasia diagnosed via radiography and CT.
Animals ; Bronchi ; Child, Preschool ; Diagnostic Imaging* ; Dogs* ; Dyspnea ; Female ; Heart ; Humans ; Lung ; Radiography ; Ribs ; Sternum ; Thorax