We report the case of a 7-year-old boy who showed treatment-nonresponsive hypotension (59/29 mmHg) and decreased left ventricular systolic function (fractional shortening 22%) in the acute stage of Kawasaki disease (KD). The present case serves to highlight that methylprednisolone pulse therapy should be considered in patients with intravenous immunoglobulin nonresponsive symptomatic myocarditis during the acute stage of KD.
Adrenal Cortex Hormones ; Child ; Humans ; Hypotension ; Immunoglobulins* ; Male ; Methylprednisolone ; Mucocutaneous Lymph Node Syndrome* ; Myocarditis*

PURPOSE: Febrile seizures are common in children between the ages of 6 months and 5 years of age and are often caused by viral illnesses. Influenza infection presents with a variety of neurological conditions including seizures. This study was aimed to evaluate the correlation of influenza infection and febrile seizures. METHODS: Eighty-four children with febrile seizures were involved in the study from October 2013 to March 2014. They were divided into two groups (febrile seizures with influenza infection, febrile seizures without influenza infection). Their medical records including clinical characteristics such as seizure types, seizure frequency, seizure duration, developmental history, brain magnetic resonance imaging(MRI), cerebrospinal fluid(CSF) study and electroencephalogram(EEG) findings were reviewed. RESULTS: Twenty six out of 242 children between the ages of 6 months and 5 years diagnosed with influenza infection had febrile seizures (10.7%), which is higher than known prevalence of febrile seizures. There were no significant differences in clinical characteristics such as seizure types, seizure frequency, seizure duration, developmental history, brain MRI, CSF study and EEG findings between the two groups. However, onset age of febrile seizures with influenza infection was older than the other group without influenza infection(P<0.001). CONCLUSION: It has been considered that influenza infections are common during the cold seasons and are the main causative factor for febrile seizures. Based on the findings from this study, Influenza infection may be a significant risk factor for febrile seizures. However, further studies are needed.
Age of Onset ; Brain ; Child ; Electroencephalography ; Humans ; Influenza, Human* ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Medical Records ; Prevalence ; Risk Factors ; Seasons ; Seizures ; Seizures, Febrile*

PURPOSE: Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a common disorder in school-aged children. Patients with restless legs syndrome (RLS) often present with ADHD symptoms and vice versa. This study was the first to attempt to identify the prevalence of RLS and sleep problems in children with ADHD in Korea. METHODS: Patients diagnosed with ADHD were asked to complete a sleep questionnaire. The sleep questionnaire included items to help identify the presence of four typical symptoms that are used as diagnostic criteria for RLS. RESULTS: A total of 56 patients, including 51 boys and 5 girls (mean age, 10.7 years old) participated. Of these, 24 complained of pain, discomfort, or an unpleasant sensation in the legs. Based on the RLS diagnostic criteria, 2 patients were diagnosed with definite RLS and 4 with probable RLS. There were no significant differences in age, medication dosage, or neuropsychological test scores between the patients with and without RLS symptoms. CONCLUSION: Approximately 42.9% of patients with ADHD presented with RLS symptoms and 7.1% of these were diagnosed with RLS. Patients with ADHD also experienced various other sleep disorders. Thus, appropriate assessment and treatment for sleep disorders in patients with ADHD is essential.
Adolescent* ; Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity* ; Child* ; Female ; Humans ; Korea ; Leg ; Neuropsychological Tests ; Prevalence* ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Restless Legs Syndrome* ; Sensation ; Sleep Wake Disorders

PURPOSE: This study was aimed to compare the effectiveness and tolerability of topiramate add-on therapy versus lidocaine add-on therapy in children with refractory status epilepticus. METHODS: We performed a retrospective analysis of children with refractory status epilepticus who were hospitalized at Kyungpook National University Hospital during the period 2005 to 2012. We divided them into two groups, Group A (midazolam, MDZ, and Topiramate, TPM:11 patients) and Group B (midazolam and lidocaine, LDC:7 patients). Furthermore, they were sub-categorized according to children's sex, age, seizure duration, and seizure type. To comepare the effectiveness and tolerability between the two groups, we evaluated seizure freedom, >50% seizure reduction, adverse events and mortality rates, respectively. RESULTS: In MDZ/TPM group, average dosage of midazolam infusion was 10.8+/-6.8 mcg/kg/min, seizure freedom was achieved in 1 out of 11 patients (9%) and >50% seizure reduction was in 2 out of 11 patients (18%). On the other hand, in MDC/LDC group, average dosage of midazolam infusion is 11.3+/-5.2 mcg/kg/min, seizure freedom was achieved in 2 out of 7 patients (29%) and >50% seizure reduction was 3 out of 7 patients (43%). Aside from the promising effects, there was no significant difference between the two groups. CONCLUSION: In children with refractory status epilepticus, topiramate or lidocaine add-on therapy seemed to be effective and fairly tolerated and showed no serious adverse effects. Therefore they can be an alternative treatment option. However, further studies are required.
Child* ; Freedom ; Gyeongsangbuk-do ; Hand ; Humans ; Lidocaine* ; Midazolam ; Mortality ; Retrospective Studies ; Seizures ; Status Epilepticus*

This study aimed to assess and compare sarcopenia with other prognostic factors for predicting long-term mortality in cirrhotic patients with ascites. Clinical data of 65 among 89 patients with measurement of all parameters were consecutively collected. Sarcopenia was evaluated as right psoas muscle thickness measurement divided by height (PMTH) (mm/m). During a mean follow-up of 20 (range: 1-49) months, 19 (29.2%) of 65 patients died. The values of the area under the receiver operating characteristics curve (AUROC) of Child-Pugh score, Model for End-Stage Liver Disease (MELD) score, MELD-Na, and PMTH for predicting 1-yr mortality were 0.777 (95% CI, 0.635-0.883), 0.769 (95% CI, 0.627-0.877), 0.800 (95% CI, 0.661-0.900), and 0.833 (95% CI, 0.699-0.924), whereas hepatic venous pressure gradient was not significant (AUROC, 0.695; 95% CI. 0.547-0.818, P=0.053). The differences between PMTH and other prognostic variables were not significant (all P>0.05). The best cut-off value of PMTH to predict long-term mortality was 14 mm/m. The mortality rates at 1-yr and 2-yr with PMTH>14 mm/m vs. PMTH< or =14 mm/m were 2.6% and 15.2% vs. 41.6% and 66.8%, respectively (P<0.001). The mortality in cirrhotic patients with PMTH< or =14 mm/m was higher than those with PMTH>14 mm/m (HR, 5.398; 95% CI, 2.111-13.800, P<0.001). In conclusion, sarcopenia, evaluated by PMTH, is an independent useful predictor for long-term mortality in cirrhotic patients with ascites.
Adult ; Aged ; Area Under Curve ; *Ascites ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Liver Cirrhosis/complications/*mortality ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Predictive Value of Tests ; Prognosis ; ROC Curve ; Regression Analysis ; Sarcopenia/*diagnosis/etiology/radiography ; Severity of Illness Index ; Survival Analysis ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed