Clavicle medial end fracture is rare, and it has not been studied extensively. Although there is debate regarding its treatment methods, because of the complications of conservative treatment, surgical treatment has been considered more than conservative treatment. This study describes a surgical method using double-plate fixation for treatment of clavicle medial end fractures in which plates were used on each anterior and superior border according to the anatomical structure of the clavicle. In addition, we report operative results of three patients treated by double-plate fixation.
Clavicle* ; Humans

A novel coronavirus named severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) emerged in December 2019 in China. The mutated coronavirus spread worldwide, and some patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 developed coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) manifested with upper respiratory infection, pneumonia, or respiratory distress. Since the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic was declared with surging confirmed cases and mortality of COVID-19 worldwide, it has reshaped our way of living and how to manage patients with allergic diseases. The medical staff, including allergy specialists, has been at the forefront of fighting against the SARSCoV-2 pandemic and is struggling to guarantee safety to themselves and their patients. Thanks to vigorous research into the relationship between SARS-CoV-2 and allergic diseases, we have become able to treat allergic patients with the best of evidence to date. The clinician should make a careful decision on each clinical situation with regard to patient characteristics, local and national circumstances as well as the knowledge we have, since it is still limited. We hope further efforts to identify the nature of SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 clearer and effective SARS-CoV-2 vaccination will soon remove the grim picture of the worldwide pandemic and bring us back to normal.

Clavicle medial end fracture is rare, and it has not been studied extensively. Although there is debate regarding its treatment methods, because of the complications of conservative treatment, surgical treatment has been considered more than conservative treatment. This study describes a surgical method using double-plate fixation for treatment of clavicle medial end fractures in which plates were used on each anterior and superior border according to the anatomical structure of the clavicle. In addition, we report operative results of three patients treated by double-plate fixation.
Clavicle ; Humans

Objectives: The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic has had various effects on mankind, especially children and adolescents.Because children and adolescents spend a lot of time at school, COVID-19 has had a great impact on school mental health. In this study, we investigated the effect of prolonged COVID-19 on school mental health. Methods: We prepared self-report questionnaires for depression (Children’s Depression Inventory, CDI), anxiety (Korean version of the Penn State Worry Questionnaire for Children; Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7, GAD-7), and post-traumatic stress (Primary Care Post-traumatic Stress Disorder, PC-PTSD) for administering to students aged between 7 and 18 years, recruited by a COVID-19 psychological prevention support group in the Gwangmyeong Mental Health Welfare Center for 2 years, in 2020 and 2021. Results: For children aged 7–12 years, there was no significant difference between the years 2020 and 2021 in the assessment of depression, anxiety, and post-traumatic stress. Conversely, for adolescents aged 13–18 years, there was a significant increase in the scale scores (CDI, PC-PTSD, and GAD-7). Conclusion Prolonged COVID-19 might have had a significant impact on the mental health of adolescents who spent a lot of time at school. When comparing the years 2020 and 2021, middle and high school students were more affected by COVID-19 than elementary school students.

Cat-pork syndrome is an uncommon food allergy induced by red meat (pork/beef) that cross-reacts with cat/dog allergens, which is mediated by immunoglobulin E (IgE) response to the cat/dog albumin component. We report 2 cases of cat-pork syndrome occurred in adult pet breeders. They had suffered from allergic rhinitis/atopic dermatitis sensitive to cat/dog dander as well as house dust mites for several years, during which an immediate type of food allergy due to red meats developed whenever taking pork or beef. ImmunoCAP results showed the increased levels of serum-specific IgE to pork and beef allergens (f26, f27) as well as cat and dog dander (e1, e5); moreover, increased level of serum-specific IgE to the cat albumin component (e224) was noted. In conclusion, cat-food allergy can be found in allergic patients among whom are sensitive to cats and dogs and develop food allergy due to red meat.

Cat-pork syndrome is an uncommon food allergy induced by red meat (pork/beef) that cross-reacts with cat/dog allergens, which is mediated by immunoglobulin E (IgE) response to the cat/dog albumin component. We report 2 cases of cat-pork syndrome occurred in adult pet breeders. They had suffered from allergic rhinitis/atopic dermatitis sensitive to cat/dog dander as well as house dust mites for several years, during which an immediate type of food allergy due to red meats developed whenever taking pork or beef. ImmunoCAP results showed the increased levels of serum-specific IgE to pork and beef allergens (f26, f27) as well as cat and dog dander (e1, e5); moreover, increased level of serum-specific IgE to the cat albumin component (e224) was noted. In conclusion, cat-food allergy can be found in allergic patients among whom are sensitive to cats and dogs and develop food allergy due to red meat.

Cat-pork syndrome is an uncommon food allergy induced by red meat (pork/beef) that cross-reacts with cat/dog allergens, which is mediated by immunoglobulin E (IgE) response to the cat/dog albumin component. We report 2 cases of cat-pork syndrome occurred in adult pet breeders. They had suffered from allergic rhinitis/atopic dermatitis sensitive to cat/dog dander as well as house dust mites for several years, during which an immediate type of food allergy due to red meats developed whenever taking pork or beef. ImmunoCAP results showed the increased levels of serum-specific IgE to pork and beef allergens (f26, f27) as well as cat and dog dander (e1, e5); moreover, increased level of serum-specific IgE to the cat albumin component (e224) was noted. In conclusion, cat-food allergy can be found in allergic patients among whom are sensitive to cats and dogs and develop food allergy due to red meat.

Cat-pork syndrome is an uncommon food allergy induced by red meat (pork/beef) that cross-reacts with cat/dog allergens, which is mediated by immunoglobulin E (IgE) response to the cat/dog albumin component. We report 2 cases of cat-pork syndrome occurred in adult pet breeders. They had suffered from allergic rhinitis/atopic dermatitis sensitive to cat/dog dander as well as house dust mites for several years, during which an immediate type of food allergy due to red meats developed whenever taking pork or beef. ImmunoCAP results showed the increased levels of serum-specific IgE to pork and beef allergens (f26, f27) as well as cat and dog dander (e1, e5); moreover, increased level of serum-specific IgE to the cat albumin component (e224) was noted. In conclusion, cat-food allergy can be found in allergic patients among whom are sensitive to cats and dogs and develop food allergy due to red meat.

Cat-pork syndrome is an uncommon food allergy induced by red meat (pork/beef) that cross-reacts with cat/dog allergens, which is mediated by immunoglobulin E (IgE) response to the cat/dog albumin component. We report 2 cases of cat-pork syndrome occurred in adult pet breeders. They had suffered from allergic rhinitis/atopic dermatitis sensitive to cat/dog dander as well as house dust mites for several years, during which an immediate type of food allergy due to red meats developed whenever taking pork or beef. ImmunoCAP results showed the increased levels of serum-specific IgE to pork and beef allergens (f26, f27) as well as cat and dog dander (e1, e5); moreover, increased level of serum-specific IgE to the cat albumin component (e224) was noted. In conclusion, cat-food allergy can be found in allergic patients among whom are sensitive to cats and dogs and develop food allergy due to red meat.

With a recent increase in dietary supplements (DS) consumption among children in Korea, this study was performed to examine the influencing factors on children's DS consumption. A nationwide survey was conducted employing 3 representative samples of children for summer & fall of 2008 and spring of 2009 by stratified multistage sampling of 120 survey sites per season based on the 2005 census population. Approximately 30 households from each survey site were screened for residing children of 0-19 years and about 1,700 households remained as eligible samples per season. Trained dietitians visited households to perform face-to-face interview to children and/or parents regarding DS consumption including health functional foods (HFF), vitamins/minerals (V/M) supplements and other food supplements during 1 month prior to interview. Out of 5,328 children responded, 18.7% reported DS consumption. Consumption rate was higher in boys (19.9% vs. 17.3% in girls, P < 0.05) and youngsters (22.8% compared to 15.0% in adolescents, P < 0.001). Children from higher income family (P < 0.001), those living in apartments (P < 0.001), those residing in metropolitan area (P < 0.001), and those of mothers with higher education (P < 0.001) were more likely to take DS. Also, mother's employment status and occupation were significantly associated with children's DS consumption. The most popular DS was HFF (72.1%), which was consumed more in children of higher income family. It is revealed that socioeconomic factors affect children's DS consumption significantly. Also it is necessary to estimate children's V/M intake from DS and foods together especially because there are tolerable upper limits set for V/M for safety purposes.
Adolescent ; Censuses ; Child ; Dietary Supplements ; Employment ; Family Characteristics ; Functional Food ; Humans ; Korea ; Mothers ; Occupations ; Parents ; Seasons ; Socioeconomic Factors