PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to identify self-efficacy, disposition to critical thinking and level of nursing competency in new nurses and to exam the correlation among these variables. METHOD: The sample was composed of 286 new nurses who had worked at E hospital for 1 year. Descriptive and correlation analysis using the SPSS program were used to analyze the data. RESULTS: The mean score for self-efficacy was 67.10, disposition to critical thinking, 3.01 and nursing competency,3.02. There were significant differences in scores for 3 variables between nurses with College degrees and nurses with Baccalaureate degrees. There was a significant positive correlation between disposition to critical thinking and nursing competency scores. CONCLUSION: Further study of the various components that influence nursing competency is necessary. Also based on the disposition to critical thinking, there is a need to develop education programs to strengthen curiosity and other related variables. The results of this study confirmed the necessity of developing a clinical model of nursing competency ability.
Exploratory Behavior ; Statistics as Topic ; Thinking

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to identify the moderating effect of leisure satisfaction on the relationship between job stress and job satisfaction. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was performed with 292 nurses having experienced shift work at least for 6 months. Data were collected from August to September in 2014. Descriptive statistics, t-test, correlation coefficient, and hierarchical regression analysis were performed. RESULTS: The study showed that job satisfaction was significantly correlated with job stress (r=.-320, p<.001) and leisure satisfaction (r=.317, p<.001). Leisure satisfaction had a significant moderating effect on the relationship between job stress and job satisfaction (F=25.087, p<.001). CONCLUSION: This study concluded that the role of leisure satisfaction may moderate the relationship between the two. That is, the nurses who perceived higher satisfaction on their leisure life tend to have higher satisfaction to their job even in stress situation. Therefore, the strategies for improving leisure satisfaction are needed to increase job satisfaction in stressful conditions.
Cross-Sectional Studies ; Job Satisfaction* ; Leisure Activities*

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to define the concept for psychological insulin resistance in the Korean population with diabetes. METHODS: The Hybrid model was used to perform the concept analysis of psychological insulin resistance. Results from both the theoretical review with 26 studies and a field study including 19 participants with diabetes were included in final process. RESULTS: The preceding factors of psychological insulin resistance were uncontrolled blood glucose and change in daily life. The concept of psychological insulin resistance was found to have three categories with 8 attributes such as emotional factors (negative feeling), cognitive factors (low awareness and knowledge, low confidence for self-injection) and supportive factors (economic burden, dependency life, embarrassing, feeling about supporters, feeling of trust in, vs mistrust of health care providers). The 8 attributes included 30 indicators. CONCLUSION: The psychological insulin resistance of population with diabetes in Korea was defined as a complex phenomenon associated with insulin therapy that can be affected by emotional factors, cognitive factors, and supportive relational factors. Based on the results, a tool for measuring psychological insulin resistance of Koreans with diabetes and effective programs for enhancing insulin adherence should be developed in future studies.
Blood Glucose ; Delivery of Health Care ; Dependency (Psychology) ; Diabetes Mellitus ; Insulin Resistance* ; Insulin* ; Korea ; Psychology

PURPOSE: The process of designing a questionnaire is complicated. Many questionnaires on nursing phenomena have been developed and used by nursing researchers. The purpose of this paper was to discuss questionnaire design and factors that should be considered when using existing scales. METHODS: Methodological issues were discussed, such as factors in the design of questions, steps in developing questionnaires, wording and formatting methods for items, and administrations methods. How to use existing scales, how to facilitate cultural adaptation, and how to prevent socially desirable responding were discussed. Moreover, the triangulation method in questionnaire development was introduced. RESULTS: Steps were recommended for designing questions such as appropriately operationalizing key concepts for the target population, clearly formatting response options, generating items and confirming final items through face or content validity, sufficiently piloting the questionnaire using item analysis, demonstrating reliability and validity, finalizing the scale, and training the administrator. Psychometric properties and cultural equivalence should be evaluated prior to administration when using an existing questionnaire and performing cultural adaptation. CONCLUSION: In the context of well-defined nursing phenomena, logical and systematic methods will contribute to the development of simple and precise questionnaires.
Humans ; Nursing Research ; Psychometrics ; Reproducibility of Results ; *Surveys and Questionnaires

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the quality of meta-analysis regarding exercise using Assessment of Multiple Systematic Reviews (AMSTAR) as well as to compare effect size according to outcomes. METHODS: Electronic databases including the Korean Studies Information Service System (KISS), the National Assembly Library and the DBpia, HAKJISAand RISS4U for the dates 1990 to January 2014 were searched for 'meta-analysis' and 'exercise' in the fields of medical, nursing, physical therapy and physical exercise in Korea. AMSTAR was scored for quality assessment of the 33 articles included in the study. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA and chi2-test. RESULTS: The mean score for AMSTAR evaluations was 4.18 (SD=1.78) and about 67% were classified at the low-quality level and 30% at the moderate-quality level. The scores of quality were statistically different by field of research, number of participants, number of databases, financial support and approval by IRB. The effect size that presented in individual studies were different by type of exercise in the applied intervention. CONCLUSION: This critical appraisal of meta-analysis published in various field that focused on exercise indicates that a guideline such as the PRISMA checklist should be strongly recommended for optimum reporting of meta-analysis across research fields.
Databases, Factual ; *Exercise ; Humans ; Publishing/*standards ; Republic of Korea ; Research

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to develop and examine the feasibility of OSCE for novice nurses. METHOD: The study was designed using a methodological design. Data were collected from January to February, 2005. Nine stations were developed for the examination. Five minutes was allowed for each station. The examination was administered to 2 groups of novice nurses. RESULTS: OSCE for clinical performance improvement which consisted of nine 5-minute long stations, was developed. Those stations were tested by 79 beginning nurses who were divided into 2 groups. Reliability ranges for Cronbach's alpha were 0.399~0.811 and the mean value was 0.797. Total mean score for the OSCE was 66.75. Total score for the 2nd group was significantly higher than the 1st group. The nurses were satisfied with the OSCE method and process. CONCLUSION: The OSCE can be an effective tool for evaluating clinical nursing skills in novice nurse. More reliable and valid stations need to be developed and then repeated evaluation of the nurses can be done.
Nursing

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to explore the influence of cognitive function and depressive symptoms on instrumental activities of daily living (IADL) in addition to identify the factors associated with IADL in community-dwelling older adults. METHODS: This was a descriptive study with cross-sectional design. Data were collected from July 2013 to June 2014. A total of 143 participants without dementia, depression and disability were enrolled in this study. Cognitive function was measured using Seoul verbal learning test (SVLT), digital span (forward/backward) and fist-edge-palm test. The Korean-IADL and Short Geriatric Depression Scale (S-GDS) were used. Data analysis was performed using descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA, Pearson's correlation coefficient, and hierarchical regression. RESULTS: Overall, a multiple regression model revealed that approximately 27.4% of total variability in IADL in the sample of community-dwelling older adults could be explained by the significant 12 variables in this model (R²=0.274, F=5.467, p<.001). Age, having religion and cognitive function were the predictors of IADL in community-dwelling older adults. CONCLUSION: This study suggest that we need to monitor cognitive function in older to maintain the ability for IADL in older adults. Also, individualized program for improving older adults' IADL should be included in nursing intervention.
Activities of Daily Living* ; Adult* ; Cognition* ; Dementia ; Depression* ; Humans ; Nursing ; Seoul ; Statistics as Topic ; Verbal Learning

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the psychometric properties of the Hypertension Self-Care Behavior Scale for older adults with hypertension in Korea. METHODS: A cross-sectional descriptive study was used with 196 participants. Translation and back-translation were performed by bilingual nursing professionals and a nutritionist. Reliability and validity such as content validity, construct validity, and concurrent validity were conducted. To evaluate the concurrent validity, the correlation coefficients between the Korean version of Hypertension Self-Care Behavior and concurrent scales (hypertension adherence scale and self-efficacy scale) were calculated. RESULTS: The total 20 items for the Korean version of the Hypertension Self-Care (HBP-SC) Behavior Scale were retained during item-analysis. In explanatory factor analysis, a two-factor solution was proposed and the two factors named, ‘HBP-SC Diet behavior’ and ‘HBP-SC Health behavior (except diet)’. The two factors accounted for 48.9% of the variances. The Korean version of the Hypertension Self-Care Behavior Scale correlated with concurrent variables such as hypertension adherence and self-efficacy. For reliability of the Korean version of the Hypertension Self-Care Behavior, Cronbach's α=.92. CONCLUSION: Findings show that the Korean version of the Hypertension Self-Care Behavior is reliable and valid for measuring self-care behavior of older adults with hypertension.
Adult ; Diet ; Health Behavior ; Humans ; Hypertension* ; Korea* ; Nursing ; Nutritionists ; Psychometrics* ; Reproducibility of Results ; Self Care* ; Weights and Measures

PURPOSE: This study aimed to validate the psychometric properties of the CRAFFT (Car, Relax, Alone, Forget, Family/Friends, Trouble) by using item response theory (IRT) and further examine gender differences in item-level responses.METHODS: This study used the 13(th) (2017) Korea Youth Risk Behavior Survey data conducted by the Korean Centers for Disease and Prevention and analyzed data of 8,568 students who reported drinking alcohol in the previous 30 days. IRT assumptions including unidimensionality, local independence, and monotonicity were tested. A one-factor two-parameter IRT model was fitted for item parameterization (M₂ = 76.92, 20 df, p < .001, root mean square error of approximation = 0.02). Graphics for item characteristic curves and item and test information curves were provided. Differential item functioning (DIF) analysis was evaluated to measure item equivalence between boys and girls.RESULTS: Unidimensionality and local independence were satisfied, and the dominant factor eigenvalue and variance were 2.48 and 41.3% in boys and 2.08 and 34.7% in girls, respectively, and residual correlations in paired items were less than .2. The discrimination parameters were estimated as 1.32–3.59 for boys and 1.30–3.64 for girls. The severity parameters estimated verity as −0.23 to 1.67 for boys and −0.32 to 2.17 for girls. DIF was detected for four of six items, “Car,” “Relax,” “Forget,” and “Family/friends.” However, its impact on the total score was negligible.CONCLUSION: The CRAFFT is a valid and reliable screening tool to identify alcohol use problems for both boys and girls, exhibiting good discrimination, good coverage of severity, and negligible DIF.
Adolescent ; Alcohols ; Discrimination (Psychology) ; Drinking ; Female ; Humans ; Korea ; Mass Screening ; Psychometrics ; Risk-Taking

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify the influencing factors on Predictors of depression in disability with hearing impairment. Methods: Data from the secondary data (The 2014 National Survey of the Disabled Persons) were obtained, and subjects of hearing impaired 190,323 who responded certainly yes or no answer to the question were selected. x2 and t-test analysis were used to compare the potential predictors between depression and non-depression group. Significant factors were entered in Logistic regression analysis to identify the predictors of depression. Results: The prevalence of depression was 5.7% (n=10,769) in disability with hearing impairment. Life satisfaction, go out alone, subjective economic status, medical examination, level of disability, disability aids from social services, satisfaction of leisure activities, awareness of discrimination, disability awareness in healthcare provider, hearing aids use and age were shown significant differences in depression and non-depression. Life satisfaction (OR=11.04 [10.20~11.96]) and go out alone (OR=3.52 [3.22~3.83]) were found to be the most influential risk factors for depression in disability with hearing impairment. Conclusion To prevent depression in disability with hearing impairment, affected factors such as life and leisure activities satisfaction, level of physical dependence, economic status, hearing aids, and social inequalities should be monitored.