BACKGROUND: Atypia of undetermined significance (AUS) is a category that encompasses a heterogeneous group of thyroid aspiration cytology. It has been reclassified into two subgroups based on the cytomorphologic features: AUS with cytologic atypia and AUS with architectural atypia. The nuclear characteristics of AUS with cytologic atypia need to be clarified by comparing to those observed in Hashimoto thyroiditis and benign follicular lesions. METHODS: We selected 84 cases of AUS with histologic follow-up, 24 cases of Hashimoto thyroiditis, and 26 cases of benign follicular lesions. We also subcategorized the AUS group according to the follow-up biopsy results into a papillary carcinoma group and a nodular hyperplasia group. The differences in morphometric parameters, including the nuclear areas and perimeters, were compared between these groups. RESULTS: The AUS group had significantly smaller nuclear areas than the Hashimoto thyroiditis group, but the nuclear perimeters were not statistically different. The AUS group also had significantly smaller nuclear areas than the benign follicular lesion group; however, the AUS group had significantly longer nuclear perimeters. The nuclear areas in the papillary carcinoma group were significantly smaller than those in the nodular hyperplasia group; however, the nuclear perimeters were not statistically different. CONCLUSIONS: We found the AUS group to be a heterogeneous entity, including histologic follow-up diagnoses of papillary carcinoma and nodular hyperplasia. The AUS group showed significantly greater nuclear irregularities than the other two groups. Utilizing these features, nuclear morphometry could lead to improvements in the accuracy of the subjective diagnoses made with thyroid aspiration cytology.
Biopsy ; Carcinoma, Papillary ; Diagnosis ; Follow-Up Studies ; Hashimoto Disease ; Hyperplasia ; Thyroid Gland*

Gliosarcoma is a distinct disease entity that is characterized by a biphasic tissue pattern with alternating areas displaying glial and mesenchymal differentiation. The tumor in our case was a rare morphologic variant of gliosarcoma with components of anaplastic oligodendroglioma and unclassifiable spindle cells. Spindle cells showed CD34 and S-100 protein immunoreactivity, which was possibly related to peripheral nerve sheath differentiation. This unique feature has not been described previously and so this case expands the spectrum of possible divergent mesenchymal differentiation, and it lends support to pluripotential stem cells being the origin of this tumor.

Silicone implants are widely used in aesthetic and reconstructive breast surgery. Silicone lymphadenopathy is a well-known rare complication of implant insertion. Silicone leakage from a rupture or silicone bleeding can accumulate in lymph nodes. Foreign body reactions in the affected lymph nodes may be misdiagnosed as metastasis or malignant lymphadeno pathy upon initial presentation if silicone lymphadenopathy is not considered in the initial diagnosis. We report a case of siliconoma with extensive involvement of multiple lymph nodes mimicking malignant features to emphasize that clinicians should carefully evaluate each patient's medical history and disease status during differential diagnosis.
Breast Implants* ; Breast* ; Diagnosis ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Foreign Bodies ; Hemorrhage ; Lymph Nodes ; Lymphatic Diseases* ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Rupture ; Silicon* ; Silicones*

Silicone implants are widely used in aesthetic and reconstructive breast surgery. Silicone lymphadenopathy is a well-known rare complication of implant insertion. Silicone leakage from a rupture or silicone bleeding can accumulate in lymph nodes. Foreign body reactions in the affected lymph nodes may be misdiagnosed as metastasis or malignant lymphadeno pathy upon initial presentation if silicone lymphadenopathy is not considered in the initial diagnosis. We report a case of siliconoma with extensive involvement of multiple lymph nodes mimicking malignant features to emphasize that clinicians should carefully evaluate each patient's medical history and disease status during differential diagnosis.
Breast Implants* ; Breast* ; Diagnosis ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Foreign Bodies ; Hemorrhage ; Lymph Nodes ; Lymphatic Diseases* ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Rupture ; Silicon* ; Silicones*

The authors reviewed their experiences of external beam radiotherapy (EBR) as an initial treatment in retinoblastoma patients to determine its long-term effect on subsequent tumor control and complications. A total of 32 eyes in 25 patients that underwent EBR for retinoblastoma were reviewed retrospectively. The patients consisted of 21 boys and 4 girls of median age at treatment of 7.1 months. Radiation doses ranged from 35 to 59.4 Gy. The 10-yr ocular and patient survivals were 75.4% and 92.3%, respectively. Nine of the 32 eyes progressed; 7 of these were enucleated and 2 were salvaged by focal treatment. According to the Reese-Ellsworth classification, 4 of 5 eyes of Group II, 13 of 16 Group III eyes, 2 of 4 Group IV eyes, and 5 of 7 Group V eyes were retained, and of the 32 eyes, 13 had visual acuity better than 20/200. Eleven patients experienced a radiation-induced complication. No patient developed a second malignancy during follow-up. Despite the limited number of patients enrolled, EBR may provide a mean of preserving eyeball and vision for some advanced lesions.
Child ; Child, Preschool ; Eye Enucleation ; Female ; Humans ; Infant ; Korea ; Male ; Radiotherapy/*methods ; Radiotherapy Dosage ; Retinal Neoplasms/*radiotherapy ; Retinoblastoma/*radiotherapy ; Retrospective Studies ; Survival Rate ; Treatment Outcome

There have been ongoing social discussions on revision of the abortion law since the Constitutional Court ruled it nonconformity to the constitution on April 11, 2019. Thus, Korean Society of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Korean Society of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Korean College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists, and Korean Association of Obstetricians and Gynecologists organized 'special committee for abortion law' to support social discussion on the revision of the abortion law, and they prepared official opinions of obstetrics for medical issues including doctors' right to refuse abortion. In the future, the committee will continue to adapt to changes of medical environment especially after the revision of the abortion law by collecting its members' feedbacks.

There have been ongoing social discussions on revision of the abortion law since the Constitutional Court ruled it nonconformity to the constitution on April 11, 2019. Thus, Korean Society of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Korean Society of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Korean College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists, and Korean Association of Obstetricians and Gynecologists organized 'special committee for abortion law' to support social discussion on the revision of the abortion law, and they prepared official opinions of obstetrics for medical issues including doctors' right to refuse abortion. In the future, the committee will continue to adapt to changes of medical environment especially after the revision of the abortion law by collecting its members' feedbacks.