PURPOSE: The objective of this study was to examine the correlation between HbA1C, self-care behavior, and quality of life among depressed and non-depressed patients with type II diabetes. METHODS: Data were collected between May 26 and July 5, 2011 using a questionnaire. The questionnaire included depression (CES-D), self-care behavior and quality of life. Hemoglobin A1C was abstracted from medical records. Data were analyzed by descriptive statistics, t-test, chi2-test, ANCOVA and Pearson's correlation coefficient. RESULTS: In this study sample (n=301), 20.9% of diabetic patients (n=69) were depressed. After adjustment for relevant covariates, depressed patients showed to have lower self-care behavior (2.8 vs 3.4, p<.001) and quality of life (2.8 vs 3.5, p<.001) scores, but the difference in HbA1C was no longer significant. CONCLUSION: This study suggests that the assessment and intervention for depressed diabetic patients can result in effective self-care behavior, which accordingly leads to improvement of the quality of life.
Depression ; Diabetes Mellitus ; Hemoglobins ; Humans ; Medical Records ; Quality of Life ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Self Care

A 13-year-old neutered male Maltese dog presented to our hospital with lethargy and anorexia. Laboratory abnormalities included severe non-regenerative anemia (hematocrit, 12.9%; reticulocyte count 12.8 K/μL). The cytology of bone marrow revealed erythroid hypercellularity with mild myelofibrosis. Therefore, late-stage precursor-targeted immune-mediated anemia (PIMA) was diagnosed. Multimodal treatment including 2 immunosuppressant drugs (prednisolone and mycophenolate mofetil), antithrombic drug (clopidogrel), and blood transfusion was performed. The dog showed complete remission from PIMA, and the total duration of follow-up was 622 days. This is the first case report of canine PIMA managed successfully with prednisolone and mycophenolate mofetil in Korea.

Nowadays, Klebsiella oxytoca is described as a causative organism for antibiotic-associated hemorrhagic colitis (AAHC). Here we report two cases of pediatric AAHC, from which K. oxytoca was cultured after starting amoxicillin-clavulanate or amoxicillin treatment. The patients developed severe abdominal pain and a large amount of bloody diarrhea. K. oxytoca was obtained in intestinal fluid culture of a boy through the colonoscopy. On the other hand, colonic tissue culture and intestinal fluid culture were negative of the other patient. K. oxytoca was detected in stool culture when he was admitted. These cases showed characteristic endoscopic findings of segmental hemorrhagic colitis, and both boys recovered spontaneously within 2–3 days after they stopped taking the antibiotics. Therefore, in children who develop relatively large amount of bloody diarrhea after antibiotic treatment, we should consider AAHC caused by K. oxytoca.
Abdominal Pain ; Amoxicillin ; Anti-Bacterial Agents ; Child ; Colitis* ; Colon ; Colonoscopy ; Diarrhea ; Hand ; Humans ; Klebsiella oxytoca* ; Klebsiella* ; Male

OBJECTIVES: The Korean Food Composition Table (KFCT) was first published in 1970, and has since been updated every five years by the Rural Development Administration (RDA). This study was conducted to introduce the development strategies, features, and challenges of the 9th revision of the KFCT. METHODS: Due to the increasing demands of nutrient database users and generators, the RDA started a new research project in 2013 to improve the quantity and quality of data for the 9th revision of the KFCT. Over 1,000 food items frequently consumed in Korea were selected as key foods using the results of the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. About 200 raw materials and processed food items were collected and analyzed every year. Target nutrients that were analyzed by collaborative labs, such as, sugars, selenium, iodine, and biotin, were increased from 22 to 43. Analytical sample handling procedures and data quality evaluation systems were also established in collaboration with 10 contracted labs. Data were evaluated for data quality according to the FAO/INFOODS, CODEX, and AOAC guidelines. RESULTS: The 9th revision contains data on 3,000 food items and up to 43 and 140 food nutrients for the printed table and the excel database file, respectively. Overall, 1,485 data items were newly added, 973 of which were provided by the RDA and 512 were cited from foreign nutrient databases. The remaining 1,515 food items were maintained as in the 8th revision. CONCLUSIONS: The KFCT provides the basic infrastructure for food and nutrition policy, research, and dietary practice in South Korea. The use of the KFCT has increased exponentially in the past few years in both public and private sectors; accordingly, increased efforts should be paid to the preparation, improvement, and maintenance of KFCT.
Biotin ; Carbohydrates ; Cooperative Behavior ; Data Accuracy ; Iodine ; Korea ; Nutrition Policy ; Nutrition Surveys ; Private Sector ; Selenium ; Social Planning

OBJECTIVES: The Korean Food Composition Table (KFCT) was first published in 1970, and has since been updated every five years by the Rural Development Administration (RDA). This study was conducted to introduce the development strategies, features, and challenges of the 9th revision of the KFCT. METHODS: Due to the increasing demands of nutrient database users and generators, the RDA started a new research project in 2013 to improve the quantity and quality of data for the 9th revision of the KFCT. Over 1,000 food items frequently consumed in Korea were selected as key foods using the results of the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. About 200 raw materials and processed food items were collected and analyzed every year. Target nutrients that were analyzed by collaborative labs, such as, sugars, selenium, iodine, and biotin, were increased from 22 to 43. Analytical sample handling procedures and data quality evaluation systems were also established in collaboration with 10 contracted labs. Data were evaluated for data quality according to the FAO/INFOODS, CODEX, and AOAC guidelines. RESULTS: The 9th revision contains data on 3,000 food items and up to 43 and 140 food nutrients for the printed table and the excel database file, respectively. Overall, 1,485 data items were newly added, 973 of which were provided by the RDA and 512 were cited from foreign nutrient databases. The remaining 1,515 food items were maintained as in the 8th revision. CONCLUSIONS: The KFCT provides the basic infrastructure for food and nutrition policy, research, and dietary practice in South Korea. The use of the KFCT has increased exponentially in the past few years in both public and private sectors; accordingly, increased efforts should be paid to the preparation, improvement, and maintenance of KFCT.
Biotin ; Carbohydrates ; Cooperative Behavior ; Data Accuracy ; Iodine ; Korea ; Nutrition Policy ; Nutrition Surveys ; Private Sector ; Selenium ; Social Planning

MiraDryⓇ , a microwave thermolysis device, is comparably new non-surgical agent in the field of eradication of sweat glands for treating axillary hyperhidrosis and osmidrosis. So far, altered sensation, swelling, and compensatory sweating are widely known as adverse effects of MiraDryⓇ . Of the few reported MiraDryⓇ -induced neuropathy cases, median and ulnar neuropathies are common. Although, one case has described radial nerve and posterior cord damage with maximized stimulation intensity, musculocutaneous nerve damage induced by MiraDryⓇ has not been reported. Here, we report a case of a 30-year-old woman experiencing left hand weakness after receiving MiraDryⓇ at a local dermatology clinic. Left brachial plexopathy, mainly involving the median nerve and the musculocutaneous nerve with partial axonotmesis, was confirmed by electrodiagnostic studies.Ultrasound evaluation showed corresponding results. This is the first case report of the musculocutaneous neuropathy by MiraDry>Ⓡ

OBJECT AND METHOD: Minor physical anomalies(MPAs) are frequently seen in patients with schizophrenia. MPAs are considered to arise from the anomalous development of ectoderm-originated tissues in the developing fetus. Since the central nervous system originates from ectoderm, MPAs can be regarded as externally observable and objective indicators of the aberrant development which might have taken place in the central nervous system. To investigate whether MPAs are more frequent in schizophrenic patients, the frequencies of MPAs were compared between schizophrenic patients and normal controls. Total 245 schizophrenic patients diagnosed with DSM-IV(male : 158, female : 87), and 418 normal control subjects(male : 216, female : 202) were included in this study. The MPAs were measured using the modified Waldrop scale with fifteen items in six bodily regions; head, eye, ear, mouth, hand, and foot. RESULT: The total scores of Waldrop scale were 4.40+/-1.93(mean+/-standard deviation) in patients and 3.43+/- 1.68 in controls for females, and for males, 4.58+/-1.75 in patients and 4.28+/-1.59 in controls. For females, the excess of MPAs in schizophrenic patients was statistically significant(t-test : p<0.001). For males, schizophrenic patients also showed more MPAs than normal controls, but this tendency did not reach statistical significance (t-test : p=0.094). When the modified Waldrop total scores excluding head circumference were compared, the total scores in schizophrenic patients were significantly higher for both male and female subjects(t-test : male p<0.001, female p=0.001). The individual anomaly items included in Waldrop scale were also investigated. The items of epicanthus, hypertelorism, malformed ears, syndactylia were significantly more frequent in schizophrenic patients. In contrast, the items of adherent ear lobes, asymmetric ears, furrowed tongue, curved fifth finger, single palmar crease and big gap between toes did not show any differences in frequency between schizophrenic patients and normal controls. Since a lot of statistical analyses showed different results between male and female subjects, it seems to be necessary to consider gender as an important controlling variable for the analysis, however only the item of head circumference showed statistically significant gender-related difference according to log-linear analysis. CONCLUSION: With a relatively large sample size, the frequencies of MPAs enlisted in Waldrop scale were compared between schizophrenic patients and normal controls in this study. MPAs were more frequently seen in schizophrenic patients and, especially, several specific items in the Waldrop scale showed prominent excess in schizophrenic patients. Although definite conclusions cannot be drawn due to the inherent limitation of the study using Waldrop scale, these results seem to support the possibility that aberrant neurodevelopmental process might be involved in the pathogenesis of schizophrenia in some of the patients.
Central Nervous System ; Ear ; Ectoderm ; Female ; Fetus ; Fingers ; Foot ; Hand ; Head ; Humans ; Hypertelorism ; Male ; Mouth ; Sample Size ; Schizophrenia* ; Syndactyly ; Toes ; Tongue, Fissured

No abstract available.

Aspergillus tracheobronchitis is a form of invasive pulmonary aspergillosis in which the Aspergillus infection is limited predominantly to the tracheobronchial tree. It occurs primarily in severely immunocompromised patients such as lung transplant recipients. Here, we report a case of Aspergillus tracheobronchitis in a 42-year-old man with diabetes mellitus, who presented with intractable cough, lack of expectoration of sputum, and chest discomfort. The patient did not respond to conventional treatment with antibiotics and antitussive agents, and he underwent bronchoscopy that showed multiple, discrete, gelatinous whitish plaques mainly involving the trachea and the left bronchus. On the basis of the bronchoscopic and microbiologic findings, we made the diagnosis of Aspergillus tracheobronchitis and initiated antifungal therapy. He showed gradual improvement in his symptoms and continued taking oral itraconazole for 6 months. Physicians should consider Aspergillus tracheobronchitis as a probable diagnosis in immunocompromised patients presenting with atypical respiratory symptoms and should try to establish a prompt diagnosis.
Adult ; Anti-Bacterial Agents ; Antitussive Agents ; Aspergillosis, Allergic Bronchopulmonary ; Aspergillus* ; Bronchi ; Bronchoscopy ; Cough ; Diabetes Mellitus ; Diagnosis ; Gelatin ; Humans ; Immunocompromised Host* ; Invasive Pulmonary Aspergillosis ; Itraconazole ; Lung ; Sputum ; Thorax ; Trachea ; Transplantation

Sparganosis is a rare parasitic disease caused by migrating plerocercoid tapeworm larva of the genus Spirometra. Infection in humans is mainly caused by the ingestion of raw or inadequately cooked flesh of infected frogs, snakes, and chickens. Here, we report a rare case of a 45-year-old man who was admitted to our hospital with left lower chest pain. The chest radiograph and computed tomography (CT) scan revealed localized pleural effusion in the left lower lobe; further, peripheral blood eosinophilia and eosinophilic pleural effusion were present. Percutaneous catheter drainage was performed, which revealed long worm-shaped material that was identified as a sparganum by DNA sequencing. The patient showed clinical improvement after drainage of the sparganum. This study demonstrates the importance of considering parasitic diseases in the differential diagnosis of eosinophilic pleural effusion.
Animals ; Anthelmintics/therapeutic use ; Eosinophilia/*etiology ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Pleurisy/*etiology ; Praziquantel/therapeutic use ; Sparganosis/*complications/diagnosis ; Sparganum/*isolation & purification