Background: This study aimed to generate a Z score calculation model for coronary artery diameter of normal children and adolescents to be adopted as the standard calculation method with consensus in clinical practice. Methods: This study was a retrospective, multicenter study that collected data from multiple institutions across South Korea. Data were analyzed to determine the model that best fit the relationship between the diameter of coronary arteries and independent demographic parameters. Linear, power, logarithmic, exponential, and square root polynomial models were tested for best fit. Results: Data of 2,030 subjects were collected from 16 institutions. Separate calculation models for each sex were developed because the impact of demographic variables on the diameter of coronary arteries differs according to sex. The final model was the polynomial formula with an exponential relationship between the diameter of coronary arteries and body surface area using the DuBois formula. Conclusion A new coronary artery diameter Z score model was developed and is anticipated to be applicable in clinical practice. The new model will help establish a consensus-based Z score model.

A 13-year-old neutered male Maltese dog presented to our hospital with lethargy and anorexia. Laboratory abnormalities included severe non-regenerative anemia (hematocrit, 12.9%; reticulocyte count 12.8 K/μL). The cytology of bone marrow revealed erythroid hypercellularity with mild myelofibrosis. Therefore, late-stage precursor-targeted immune-mediated anemia (PIMA) was diagnosed. Multimodal treatment including 2 immunosuppressant drugs (prednisolone and mycophenolate mofetil), antithrombic drug (clopidogrel), and blood transfusion was performed. The dog showed complete remission from PIMA, and the total duration of follow-up was 622 days. This is the first case report of canine PIMA managed successfully with prednisolone and mycophenolate mofetil in Korea.

Purpose: This study proposed the optimal definition of biochemical recurrence (BCR) after salvage radiotherapy (SRT) following radical prostatectomy for prostate cancer. Materials and Methods: Among 1,117 patients who had received SRT, data from 205 hormone-naïve patients who experienced post-SRT prostate-specific antigen (PSA) elevation were included in a multi-institutional database. The primary endpoint was to determine the PSA parameters predictive of distant metastasis (DM). Absolute serum PSA levels and the prostate-specific antigen doubling time (PSA-DT) were adopted as PSA parameters. Results: When BCR was defined based on serum PSA levels ranging from 0.4 ng/mL to nadir+2.0 ng/mL, the 5-year probability of DM was 27.6%-33.7%. The difference in the 5-year probability of DM became significant when BCR was defined as a serum PSA level of 0.8 ng/ml or higher (1.0-2.0 ng/mL). Application of a serum PSA level of ≥ 0.8 ng/mL yielded a c-index value of 0.589. When BCR was defined based on the PSA-DT, the 5-year probability was 22.7%-39.4%. The difference was significant when BCR was defined as a PSA-DT ≤ 3 months and ≤ 6 months. Application of a PSA-DT ≤ 6 months yielded the highest c-index (0.660). These two parameters complemented each other; for patients meeting both PSA parameters, the probability of DM was 39.5%-44.5%; for those not meeting either parameter, the probability was 0.0%-3.1%. Conclusion A serum PSA level > 0.8 ng/mL was a reasonable threshold for the definition of BCR after SRT. In addition, a PSA-DT ≤ 6 months was significantly predictive of subsequent DM, and combined application of both parameters enhanced predictability.

An endolichenic fungus,Xylaria grammica strain EL000614, showed strong nematicidal effects against plant pathogenic nematode, Meloidogyne incognita by producing grammicin. We report genome assembly of X. grammica EL000614 comprised of 25 scaffolds with a total length of 54.73 Mb, N50 of 4.60 Mb, and 99.8% of BUSCO completeness. GC contents of this genome were 44.02%. Gene families associated with biosynthesis of secondary metabolites or regulatory proteins were identified out of 13,730 gene models predicted.

An endolichenic fungus, Xylaria grammica strain EL000614, showed strong nematicidal effects against plant pathogenic nematode, Meloidogyne incognita by producing grammicin.We report genome assembly of X. grammica EL000614 comprised of 25 scaffolds with a total length of 54.73 Mb, N50 of 4.60 Mb, and 99.8% of BUSCO completeness. GC contents of this genome were 44.02%. Gene families associated with biosynthesis of secondary metabolites or regulatory proteins were identified out of 13,730 gene models predicted.

An endolichenic fungus Xylaria grammica EL000614 produces grammicin, a potent nematicidal pyrone derivative that can serve as a new control option for root-knot nematodes. We optimized an Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation (ATMT) protocol for X.grammica to support genetic studies. Transformants were successfully generated after co-cultivation of homogenized young mycelia of X.grammica with A. tumefaciens strain AGL-1 carrying a binary vector that contains the bacterial hygromycin B phosphotransferase (hph) gene and the eGFP gene in T-DNA. The resulting transformants were mitotically stable, and PCR analysis showed the integratin of both genes in the genome of transformants.Expression of eGFP was confirmed via fluorescence microscopy. Southern analysis showed that 131 (78.9%) out of 166 transformants contained a single T-DNA insertion. Crucial factors for producing predominantly single T-DNA transformants include 48 h of co-cultivation, pretreatment of A. tumefaciens cells with acetosyringone before co-cultivation, and using freshly prepared mycelia. The established ATMT protocol offers an efficient tool for random insertional mutagenesis and gene transfer in studying the biology and ecology ofX.grammica.

An endolichenic fungus,Xylaria grammica strain EL000614, showed strong nematicidal effects against plant pathogenic nematode, Meloidogyne incognita by producing grammicin. We report genome assembly of X. grammica EL000614 comprised of 25 scaffolds with a total length of 54.73 Mb, N50 of 4.60 Mb, and 99.8% of BUSCO completeness. GC contents of this genome were 44.02%. Gene families associated with biosynthesis of secondary metabolites or regulatory proteins were identified out of 13,730 gene models predicted.

An endolichenic fungus, Xylaria grammica strain EL000614, showed strong nematicidal effects against plant pathogenic nematode, Meloidogyne incognita by producing grammicin.We report genome assembly of X. grammica EL000614 comprised of 25 scaffolds with a total length of 54.73 Mb, N50 of 4.60 Mb, and 99.8% of BUSCO completeness. GC contents of this genome were 44.02%. Gene families associated with biosynthesis of secondary metabolites or regulatory proteins were identified out of 13,730 gene models predicted.

MiraDryⓇ , a microwave thermolysis device, is comparably new non-surgical agent in the field of eradication of sweat glands for treating axillary hyperhidrosis and osmidrosis. So far, altered sensation, swelling, and compensatory sweating are widely known as adverse effects of MiraDryⓇ . Of the few reported MiraDryⓇ -induced neuropathy cases, median and ulnar neuropathies are common. Although, one case has described radial nerve and posterior cord damage with maximized stimulation intensity, musculocutaneous nerve damage induced by MiraDryⓇ has not been reported. Here, we report a case of a 30-year-old woman experiencing left hand weakness after receiving MiraDryⓇ at a local dermatology clinic. Left brachial plexopathy, mainly involving the median nerve and the musculocutaneous nerve with partial axonotmesis, was confirmed by electrodiagnostic studies.Ultrasound evaluation showed corresponding results. This is the first case report of the musculocutaneous neuropathy by MiraDry>Ⓡ

Purpose: Serous cystic neoplasm (SCN) of the pancreas is considered benign in most cases. However, some SCN patients undergo surgical resection because lesions could not be differentiated preoperatively. This study evaluated causes of resection for SCN, investigated clinical and radiological features of surgically resected SCNs, and compared characteristics of SCNs diagnosed accurately and those misdiagnosed. Methods: One hundred patients, who underwent surgery for pancreatic cystic tumors with pathological confirmation of SCN between 2000 and 2014 were retrospectively analyzed. Results: The mean patient age was 52.9 years, 67 (67%) were female, and most lesions (72%) were located in the pancreatic body or tail. Fifty-one (51%) pathologically confirmed SCNs were preoperatively diagnosed as non-SCNs. Patients underwent surgery due to uncertain diagnosis (58%) or symptomatology (18%). According to radiological examination, most lesions were macrocystic (85%), exhibited septation (58%), or were enhancing lesions (48%). Compared with preoperatively diagnosed non-SCNs, accurately diagnosed SCNs exhibited septation (75.5% vs. 41.2%, P = 0.001) and central scar (36.7% vs. 11.8%, P = 0.003) more frequently in radiological examinations. In terms of macrocystic tumors (n = 85), most parameters did not differentiate preoperative diagnoses, although lesions accurately diagnosed as SCN exhibited septation more frequently than those preoperatively misdiagnosed as mucinous cystic neoplasm or intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm (70.7% vs. 38.9% vs. 33.3%, respectively, P = 0.009). Conclusion It is difficult to accurately distinguish macrocystic SCNs from other cystic tumors using conventional radiological methods. For more accurate diagnosis, new biomarkers and/or other diagnostic modalities are needed and warrant further investigation.