Objectives: This study evaluated nutritional quality of convenience store meal boxes according to store company and meal price. Methods: In May 2020, 71 meal boxes from five major convenience store companies were collected. Respective weights of all dishes and food ingredients included in each meal box were measured with a digital scale. Information on nutritional contents was collected from nutrition fact panels on packages. Food group patterns, dietary diversity scores (DDS), and dietary variety scores (DVS) were analyzed. Nutritional contents, i.e., amounts of energy, protein, and sodium, and percentages of energy from carbohydrate, sugar, fat, and saturated fat were compared with respective standards based on the 2020 Dietary Reference Intakes for Koreans. Comparison was made among five companies (Company A, B, C, D, E) and three price groups ( ≤4,200 won, ≥4,300 and ≤4,500 won, ≥4,600 won). Multiple regression analyses were conducted to examine the difference of nutritional contents according to company and price, respectively while holding the other variable constant. Results: DDS, but not DVS, significantly differed among companies. The percentages of meal boxes meeting the nutritional standards of sodium significantly differed among companies; the percentage was highest in companies B (75.0%) and C (73.3%). “Company” was associated with amount of energy, protein, and sodium, and percentage of energy from saturated fat. “Price” was associated with the amount of energy and percentage of energy from carbohydrate. The average number of satisfied standards was highest in companies B (5.0) and C (4.0). About two-thirds of the meal boxes provided less amount of energy than the standard; the percentage of such meal boxes was highest in meal boxes with price of 4,200 won or lower. Conclusions There were significant differences in the nutritional quality of meal boxes according to “company”. Meanwhile, higher-priced meal boxes did not necessarily ensure better nutritional quality.

PURPOSE: This study was performed to determine the optimal radiation therapy field for the treatment of malignant astrocytoma and glioblastoma multiforme. MATERIALS AND METHODS: From Jan. 1994 to Mar. 2000, 21 patients with malignant astrocytoma and glioblastoma multiforme, confirmed as recurrent by follow up MRI after surgery and radiation therapy, were analyzed. The distance from the margin of the primary lesion to the recurrent lesion was measured. The following factors were analyzed to investigate the influence of these factors to recurrence pattern; tumor size, degree of edema, surgical extent, gamma knife radiosurgery and multiple lesions. RESULTS: Among the 21 patients, 18 (86%) were recurred within 2 cm from the primary lesion site. 12 within 1 cm, 6 between 1 and 2 cm. The other 3 patients all with multiple lesions, were recurred at 3, 4, 5 cm, from the primary lesion site. The recurrence pattern was not influenced by the factors of tumor size, extent of edema, surgical extent, or gamma knife radiosurgery. However, patients with multiple lesions showed a tendency of recurrence at sites further from the primary lesion. CONCLUSIONS: Most (86%) of the recurrences of malignant astrocytoma and glioblastoma multiforme occurred within 2 cm from the primary lesion site. The width of treatment field does not need to be changed according to tumor size, degree of edema, surgical extent, or gamma knife radiosurgery. However, the treatment field for multiple lesions appears to be wider than that for a single lesion.
Astrocytoma* ; Edema ; Follow-Up Studies ; Glioblastoma* ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Radiosurgery ; Recurrence

PURPOSE: To evaluate the efficacy of radiotherapy, and the factors affecting survival in patients of extrahepatic bile duct cancer, by analyzing the results of postoperative radiotherapy. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Between October 1991 and July 2001, 21 patients with extrahepatic bile duct cancer, who received radiotherapy after a radical resection, were retrospectively reviewed. The patients' ages ranged from 39 to 75 years, with a median of 61 years, and a male to female ratio of 16 to 5. The numbers of patients with proximal and distal bile duct cancer were 14 and 7, respectively. From the postoperative pathological examination, 19 of the patients were found to have microscopic residues, and 7 to be lymph node positive. Patients with AJCC stages I, II and III were 10, 10 and 1, respectively. The total radiation dose administered was 4,500~6,300 cGy, with a median dose of 5,040 cGy. The follow up period was 20~81 months, with a median of 57.5 months. RESULTS: The overall and disease free survival rates at 3 and 5 years were 41.0 and 29.3%, and 41.6 and 29.7%, respectively. The influences of age, sex, tumor location, differentiation, microscopic residue, neural invasion, T and N stage, the stage itself, the dose of radiation and chemotherapy, on survival were evaluated. The T stage and the stage itself were found to be significant from a univariate analysis (p< 0.05), but the degree of significance was limited by the small number of patients. A recurrence occurred in 12 patients (57.1%), 5 in locoregional sites, 4 in distant sites and 3 in a combination of locoregional and distant sites, and the sites of distant metastasis were the liver, 6, and the bone, 1. Grade 2 or 3 acute leucopenias occurred in 2 patients and grade 2 chronic peptic ulcers occurred in 4, who were all recovered by conservative management. CONCLUSION: Postoperative radiotherapy is feasible in extrahepatic bile duct cancer, with tolerable toxicity, but prospective studies, with a large patient enrollment, are needed for the evaluation of the effects of postoperative radiotherapy and the related prognostic factors.
Bile Duct Neoplasms ; Bile Ducts, Extrahepatic* ; Disease-Free Survival ; Drug Therapy ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Liver ; Lymph Nodes ; Male ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Peptic Ulcer ; Radiotherapy* ; Recurrence ; Retrospective Studies ; Treatment Outcome*

We report a case of a cardiac lipoma arising from the free wall of right atrium, which was diagnosed as the presumed source of angina by compressing the right coronary artery in a 54-year-old woman. Surgical excision of the tumor was performed well. She continues to do well for six months without angina.
Coronary Vessels ; Female ; Heart Atria ; Humans ; Lipoma ; Middle Aged

We describe a 54-year-old woman with isolated pulmonary arterial hypertension accompanied by hyperthyroidism due to Graves' disease. Her pulmonary artery hypertension resolved spontaneously after restoration of euthyroidism. This case suggests that hyperthyroidism should be considered a reversible cause of pulmonary arterial hypertension.
Female ; Graves Disease ; Humans ; Hypertension ; Hypertension, Pulmonary ; Hyperthyroidism ; Middle Aged ; Pulmonary Artery

Vitiligo is a common skin disease, but its pathogenesis has not been fully determined, though an autoimmune etiology is considered likely. Kawasaki disease (KD) is an acute multisystem vasculitis of childhood associated with coronary arteriopathy, and is diagnosed based on clinical criteria. Furthermore, vitiligo has been associated with several other diseases, but no report has been issued about the relationship between vitiligo and Kawasaki's disease. The author's report the case of an 8-year-old male child that presented with depigmented lesions, which developed from the desquamative skin lesions of Kawasaki's disease.
Child ; Humans ; Male ; Mucocutaneous Lymph Node Syndrome ; Skin ; Skin Diseases ; Vasculitis ; Vitiligo

BACKGROUND: Sarcopenia and proteinuria are significant health difficulties in the elderly; however, few studies have investigated their relationship. In this study, we investigated the association between sarcopenia and proteinuria in Korean subjects over 60 years old. METHODS: We included data from the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, a cross-sectional, nationally representative survey conducted from 2009 to 2011 (n=4,008). Sarcopenia was defined using appendicular skeletal muscle mass as a percentage of body weight. Proteinuria was defined by a urine dipstick test result above trace levels. RESULTS: The overall proteinuria prevalence was 7.2%. The incidence of sarcopenia was significantly higher in subjects with proteinuria. The prevalence of proteinuria was significantly higher in the sarcopenic group (5.5% vs. 14.5% in the non-chronic kidney disease (CKD) group; 17.2% vs. 23.2% in the CKD group) than in the non-sarcopenic group. Furthermore, sarcopenic participants had worse metabolic parameters, such as higher body mass indexes, waist circumferences, and fasting glucose levels, and lower high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels than those in the non-CKD group. After adjustment for confounders, the odds ratios (95% confidence interval) for proteinuria were 2.84 (1.92–4.18) in the sarcopenic non-CKD group, 3.70 (2.59–5.30) in the non-sarcopenic CKD group, and 5.19 (2.64–10.18) in the sarcopenic CKD group, compared to the non-sarcopenic, non-CKD group. Sarcopenia increased the proteinuria risk in elderly participants without CKD, even after adjustment for obesity, hypertension, diabetes, and metabolic syndrome. CONCLUSION: These findings showed that sarcopenia was associated with dipstick proteinuria, especially in elderly participants without CKD, regardless of comorbidities.
Aged* ; Body Mass Index ; Body Weight ; Cholesterol ; Comorbidity ; Fasting ; Glucose ; Humans ; Hypertension ; Incidence ; Kidney Diseases ; Korea* ; Lipoproteins ; Muscle, Skeletal ; Nutrition Surveys ; Obesity ; Odds Ratio ; Prevalence ; Proteinuria* ; Renal Insufficiency, Chronic ; Sarcopenia* ; Waist Circumference

While arthroscopic shoulder surgery is considered relatively safe, complications have been reported.Though rare, pneumothorax has been reported in patients undergoing arthroscopic shoulder surgery.Tension pneumothorax must be immediately recognized and treated due to its potentially life threatening consequences.The authors present a case of a patient who developed tension pneumothorax after arthroscopic shoulder surgery, and its anesthetic managements.
Humans ; Pneumothorax ; Shoulder

PURPOSE: To assess the effect of a rectal enema on interfraction prostate movement in bone alignment (BA) for prostate radiotherapy (RT), we analyzed the spatial difference in prostates in a bone-matched setup. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We performed BA retrospectively with data from prostate cancer patients who underwent image-guided RT (IGRT). The prostate was identified with implanted fiducial markers. The setup for the IGRT was conducted with the matching of three fiducial markers on RT planning computed tomography images and those on two oblique kV x-ray images. Offline BA was performed at the same position. The coordinates of a virtual prostate in BA and a real prostate were obtained by use of the ExaxTrac/NovalisBody system, and the distance between them was calculated as the spatial difference. Interfraction prostate displacement was drawn from the comparison of the spatial differences. RESULTS: A total of 15 patients with localized prostate cancer treated with curative hypofractionated IGRT were enrolled. A total of 420 fractions were analyzed. The mean of the interfraction prostate displacements after BA was 3.12+/-2.00 mm (range, 0.20-10.53 mm). The directional difference was profound in the anterior-posterior and supero-inferior directions (2.14+/-1.73 mm and 1.97+/-1.44 mm, respectively) compared with the right-left direction (0.26+/-0.22 mm, p<0.05). The required margin around the clinical target volume was 4.97 mm with the formula of van Herk et al. CONCLUSIONS: The interfraction prostate displacement was less frequent when a rectal enema was performed before the procedure. A rectal enema can be used to reduce interfraction prostate displacement and resulting clinical target volume-to-planning target volume margin.
Enema* ; Fiducial Markers ; Humans ; Prostate* ; Prostatic Neoplasms ; Radiotherapy* ; Retrospective Studies

BACKGROUND: Kawasaki disease (KD) is an acute inflammation of middle-sized arteries such as the coronary artery. KD is an important disease due to its high mortality rate, which approaches 1-2% without appropriate treatment. Since the various mucocutaneous lesions of KD are related to the dermatologic field, dermatologists should take an interest in this disorder and understand the lesions. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the characteristics of cutaneous lesions in Korean patients with KD. METHODS: A total of 919 patients with KD were assessed at the department of pediatric cardiology and dermatology, Myongji hospital between January 2006 and December 2010. RESULTS: Of the 919 patients, 566 (61.6%) were diagnosed with typical KD and 353 (38.4%) with atypical KD. KD was most frequent in the 4 year-old group (22.7%), and the ratio of male to female was 1.5:1. Among the mucocutaneous manifestations, erythema of the oropharyngeal mucosa (75.7%) occurred most frequently, followed by polymorphous trunk rash (41.7%), and changes of palms and soles (25.6%). A total of 606 patients (65.9%) with KD had associated diseases as follows: pneumonia (211 patients; 34.8%), pharyngotonsilitis (168 patients; 27.7%), gastroenteritis (132 patients; 21.8%), asthma (15 patients, 2.5%), atopic dermatitis (11 patients, 1.8%). CONCLUSION: Our study shows that change in the lips or oral cavity is the most common mucocutaneous manifestation in both classic and atypical KD. Also, morbiliform rash is the most common pattern of polymorphous rashes. Interestingly, erythema multiforme-like lesions occupied accounted for a considerable portion of KD cases compared to previous studies.
Arteries ; Asthma ; Cardiology ; Coronary Vessels ; Dermatitis, Atopic ; Dermatology ; Erythema ; Exanthema ; Female ; Gastroenteritis ; Humans ; Inflammation ; Lip ; Male ; Mouth ; Mucocutaneous Lymph Node Syndrome ; Mucous Membrane ; Pneumonia