PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to identify the influences of recognition on low fertility and views of marriage on childbirth will in university students. METHODS: Participants were 190 university students in Chungchungnamdo province, Korea. The data were collected from May to October 2018 and examined using descriptive statistics, t-test, analysis of variance, Pearson correlation and multiple regression with IBM SPSS Statistics ver. 24.0. RESULTS: Childbirth will was significantly correlated with recognition on low fertility (r=0.20, p=0.002) and views on marriage (r=0.53, p<0.001). Factors associated with childbirth will were views on marriage (β=0.24, p<0.001). CONCLUSION Theses results suggests that views on marriage have important influences on childbirth will in university students. To improve childbirth will, the positive views on marriage need to be formulated in university students.

The incidence of drug-resistant tuberculosis (DR-TB) in pediatric populations is a critical indicator of national TB management and treatment strategies. Limited data exist regarding the rate of pediatric DR-TB. In this study, we aimed to analyze the status of DR-TB in Korean children from 2007 to 2013. We analyzed specimens submitted to the Korean Institute of Tuberculosis using Mycobacterium tuberculosis culture and drug susceptibility tests (DSTs) from January 2007 through December 2013. Specimens from patients ≤ 19 years of age were included. Among the 2,690 cases, 297 cases were excluded because of insufficient data, leaving 2,393 cases for the final analysis. In total, resistance to one or more TB drugs was 13.5%. The resistance rates of each of the drugs were as follows: isoniazid (INH) 10.2%, rifampin (RFP) 5.1%, ethambutol (EMB) 3.7%, and pyrazinamide (PZA) 3.1%. The resistance rate of multidrug-resistant TB (MDR-TB) was 4.2%, and that of extensively drug-resistant TB (XDR-TB) was 0.8%. The overall drug resistance rate demonstrated significant increase throughout the study period (P < 0.001) but showed no significant difference compared to previous study from 1999 to 2007. The drug resistance rate of PZA in ≤ 15 years of age group was significantly greater than that of > 15 years (P < 0.001). The drug resistance rate has increased throughout the study period.
Adolescent* ; Child* ; Drug Resistance ; Ethambutol ; Humans ; Incidence ; Isoniazid ; Mycobacterium tuberculosis ; Pyrazinamide ; Rifampin ; Tuberculosis ; Tuberculosis, Multidrug-Resistant*

The purpose of this study was to examine sleep patterns in a large sample of infants and toddlers (ages birth to 36 months) in Korea, and to compare sleep patterns, sleep problems, sleep ecology, and parental behaviors to global sleep data on young children in both predominately Asian (P-A) and predominately Caucasian (P-C) countries/regions. We additionally examined parent and child demographic information, parental behaviors, and aspects of the sleep ecology as predictors of sleep patterns among infants and toddlers in Korea. Parents/caregivers of 1,036 Korean infants and toddlers completed an expanded, internet-based version of the brief infant sleep questionnaire. Consistent with other studies of sleep in early childhood, sleep/wake patterns became increasingly consolidated with older child age for the Korea sample. Compared to both P-A and P-C infants and toddlers, children in Korea had the latest bedtimes, shortest total sleep and daytime sleep durations, and the least frequent rates of napping. Even though half of parents perceive their children's sleep problematic, parental perceptions of severe child sleep problems were the lowest. Within Korea, breastfeeding and bottle-feeding at sleep resumption were associated with increased nocturnal awakenings. Evening television viewing was associated with later bedtimes, which may have implications for sleep hygiene recommendations in clinical practice. The current study provides important information about sleep/wake patterns, parental behaviors, and aspects of the sleep ecology for infants and toddlers for physicians to support healthy sleep in Korea.
Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; Caregivers/psychology ; Child, Preschool ; Cross-Cultural Comparison ; European Continental Ancestry Group ; Female ; Humans ; Infant ; Male ; Parents/psychology ; Republic of Korea ; *Sleep ; Surveys and Questionnaires

Radiation therapy is an important treatment modality for abdominal or pelvic cancer, but there is a common and serious complication such as radiation-induced enteritis. Probiotics is reported to have positive effects against radiation-induced enteropathy. In this study, morphological changes of bowel mucosa were analyzed in rats to presume the effect of probiotics on radiation-induced enteritis and its correlation with radiation dose. A total of 48 adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly assigned to two groups and received a solution containing 1.0x108 colony-forming units of Lactiobacillus acidophilus or water once daily for 10 days. Each of two groups was divided into three subgroups and abdomino-pelvic area of each subgroup was irradiated with 10, 15, and 20 Gy, respectively on the seventh day of feeding the solutions. All rats were sacrificed 3 days after irradiation and the mucosal thickness and villus height of jejunum, ileum and colon were measured. The morphological parameters of the small intestine represented significant differences between two solution groups irradiated 10 or 15 Gy, except for villus height of jejunum in 15 Gy-subgroup (P=0.065). There was no significant morphometric difference between two groups irradiated with 20 Gy of radiation. Probiotics appear to be effective for the morphological shortening of small intestinal mucosa damaged by radiation less than or equal to 15 Gy.
Animals ; Colon/pathology ; Disease Models, Animal ; Enteritis/pathology/prevention & control ; Ileum/pathology ; Intestinal Mucosa/microbiology/*radiation effects ; Intestine, Small ; Jejunum/pathology ; Lactobacillus acidophilus/*metabolism ; Male ; Probiotics/administration & dosage/*pharmacology ; Radiation Injuries, Experimental/*prevention & control/therapy ; Radiation Protection/*methods ; Random Allocation ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley

PURPOSE: To assess the usefulness of implanted fiducial markers in the setup of hypofractionated radiotherapy for prostate cancer patients by comparing a fiducial marker matched setup with a pelvic bone match. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Four prostate cancer patients treated with definitive hypofractionated radiotherapy between September 2009 and August 2010 were enrolled in this study. Three gold fiducial markers were implanted into the prostate and through the rectum under ultrasound guidance around a week before radiotherapy. Glycerin enemas were given prior to each radiotherapy planning CT and every radiotherapy session. Hypofractionated radiotherapy was planned for a total dose of 59.5 Gy in daily 3.5 Gy with using the Novalis system. Orthogonal kV X-rays were taken before radiotherapy. Treatment positions were adjusted according to the results from the fusion of the fiducial markers on digitally reconstructed radiographs of a radiotherapy plan with those on orthogonal kV X-rays. When the difference in the coordinates from the fiducial marker fusion was less than 1 mm, the patient position was approved for radiotherapy. A virtual bone matching was carried out at the fiducial marker matched position, and then a setup difference between the fiducial marker matching and bone matching was evaluated. RESULTS: Three patients received a planned 17-fractionated radiotherapy and the rest underwent 16 fractionations. The setup error of the fiducial marker matching was 0.94+/-0.62 mm (range, 0.09 to 3.01 mm; median, 0.81 mm), and the means of the lateral, craniocaudal, and anteroposterior errors were 0.39+/-0.34 mm, 0.46+/-0.34 mm, and 0.57+/-0.59 mm, respectively. The setup error of the pelvic bony matching was 3.15+/-2.03 mm (range, 0.25 to 8.23 mm; median, 2.95 mm), and the error of craniocaudal direction (2.29+/-1.95 mm) was significantly larger than those of anteroposterior (1.73+/-1.31 mm) and lateral directions (0.45+/-0.37 mm), respectively (p<0.05). Incidences of over 3 mm and 5 mm in setup difference among the fractionations were 1.5% and 0% in the fiducial marker matching, respectively, and 49.3% and 17.9% in the pelvic bone matching, respectively. CONCLUSION: The more precise setup of hypofractionated radiotherapy for prostate cancer patients is feasible with the implanted fiducial marker matching compared with the pelvic bony matching. Therefore, a less marginal expansion of planning target volume produces less radiation exposure to adjacent normal tissues, which could ultimately make hypofractionated radiotherapy safer.
Enema ; Fiducial Markers ; Glycerol ; Humans ; Incidence ; Pelvic Bones ; Prostate ; Prostatic Neoplasms ; Rectum

PURPOSE: Hereditary angioedema is a familial disease which is caused by a genetic deficiency or functional defect of the C1 inhibitor, and it features episodic swelling that can affect any part of the body. A great number of patients are estimated not to have an accurate diagnosis after the onset of symptoms, and close attention is required because sudden hereditary angioedema attacks can result in even death. METHODS: We sent an e-mail questionnaire to 975 members of the Korean Academy of Asthma, Allergy and Clinical Immunology. A total of 82 members replied. The questionnaire, including 15 questions about the diagnosis and management of hereditary angioedema, was developed by the anaphylaxis/urticaria, angioedema workgroup of the Korean Academy of Asthma, Allergy and Clinical Immunology. RESULTS: Forty-two percent of the respondents had experience with treatment of a suspected case of hereditary angioedema, and 15.9% made a confirmed diagnosis of hereditary angioedema. When the respondents suspected of cases, 91.4% of them performed tests for C3 and C4 concentrations and C1 inhibitor level. For maintenance treatment, most of the respondents used androgen, and only 22% found that C1 inhibitor concentrates can be prescribed through the Korea Orphan Drug Center in Korea. CONCLUSION: Allergy physicians in Korea substantially recognized the correct diagnosis and treatment of hereditary angioedema. However, there was a lack of awareness for the latest treatments, such as C1 inhibitor concentrates. Education of doctors and the public is needed.
Allergy and Immunology ; Angioedema ; Angioedemas, Hereditary* ; Asthma ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Diagnosis ; Disease Management ; Education ; Electronic Mail ; Humans ; Hypersensitivity ; Korea ; Orphan Drug Production ; Surveys and Questionnaires

PURPOSE: Autologous vessels remain the gold standard for vascular grafts in microanastomoses. However, they are sometimes unavailable and have a limited long-term patency. Synthetic vessels have high success rates in large-diameter reconstructions but failed when used as small-diameter grafts due to graft occlusion. It has been proven that endothelial cell seeding improves prosthesis performance and long-term patency. Among polyurethane, PET and ePTFE, polyurethane has the best affinity to endothelial cells and mechanical properties closest to human vessels. We examined the ability of endothelial cells to attach to a polyurethane graft manufactured by the electrospinning method. METHODS: Endothelial cells, which were cultured from porcine internal jugular veins, were attached to polyurethane grafts with an internal diameter of 3mm. The same cells were attached to allogeneic decellularized porcine internal carotid artery grafts as controls. Both of the 10mm-long grafts were exposed to endothelial cells in a well for 1 hour. Each well contained 2x10(5) endothelial cells. The graft materials were rotated through 90 degrees every 15 minutes in order to minimize the effect of gravity. The extent of cell attachment was examined with the MTT assay. RESULTS: The MTT assay showed good incorporation of endothelial cells into both grafts. For the evaluation of affinity, the number of attached cells was counted at 10 fields of microscopic examination with x40 magnification. Endothelial cells adhered more to polyurethane grafts (mean, 127.4+/-6.2 cells) compared to porcine artery grafts (mean 45.8+/-5.1 cells)(p<0.05,Mann-Whitney test). CONCLUSION: In this study, we attached porcine endothelial cells to polyurethane grafts, manufactured by electrospinning. The grafts exhibited a better affinity to endothelial cells than allogeneic decellularized porcine internal carotid artery grafts. It is suggested that the time required for endothelial cells to attach to decellulized artery grafts may be longer than that which is required for attachment to polyurethane rafts.
Animals ; Arteries ; Carotid Artery, Internal ; Endothelial Cells ; Gravitation ; Humans ; Jugular Veins ; Polyurethanes ; Prostheses and Implants ; Seeds ; Transplants

This erratum is being published to correct of footnote in Table 3.

Anaphylaxis is a medical emergency and all healthcare professionals need to be familiar with its diagnosis, acute management, long-term management including prevention of future episodes, and plan for patient education. Correct diagnosis and management for anaphylaxis is critical, but it is not easy in clinical setting. Up to the present, several practical guidelines for anaphylaxis are available for the practitioners. Among them, World Allergy Organization guideline for the assessment and management has recently been released and widely used. In this article, we reviewed and summarized the epidemiology, risk factors, diagnosis, management, prevention, and education based on case reports and studies of anaphylaxis in Korean and other countries. Although there are many controversies, this practical overview for anaphylaxis would provide a clinical guidance for Korean healthcare professionals.
Anaphylaxis ; Delivery of Health Care ; Emergencies ; Hypersensitivity ; Patient Education as Topic ; Risk Factors

OBJECTIVE: This multicenter clinical trial was carried out to investigate the efficacy and the safety of olanzapine for the treatment of Korean patients. METHOD: 105 patients with schizophrenia and schizophreniform disorder, visited at 10 mental or university hospitals, had received an open and non-comparative treatment with olanzapine for 8 weeks. Patients had psychotic or depressive symptoms with the severity above moderate degree or intolerable side effects to previous antipsychotics. After a wash-out period of 2-7 days, 10mg olanzapine was prescribed initially to all the patients, and then the dosage could be adjusted within the range of 5-20mg/day of olanzapine by 3-7 days. RESULTS: 90(85.7%) of 105 patients completed the 8-weeks trial and the mean modal dose of olanzapine was 16.1(+/-4.7)mg/day. At the end of the trial, 73 patients(69.5%) were classified as responder, which was defined as 40% or more improvement in BPRS(Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale) score comparing to baseline. There was a significant reduction in the scores of PANSS(Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale) and subscales including negative symptom scores and CGI. Also weekly analysis showed that the reductions in scores were kept on for the whole period of the trial. 43.8% of all the patients had depressive symptoms at the baseline and total scores of MADRS(Montgomery-sberg Depression Rating Scale) and HAM-A(Hamilton Rating Scale for Anxiety) were also reduced after the trials. Vital signs revealed no clinically significant changes but continuous weight gain was observed during the treatment with olanzapine. The scores of SAS(Simpson-Angus Scale) and AIMS(Abnormal Involuntary Movement Scale) for assessing the EPS(extrapyramidal symptoms) and tardive dyskinesia respectively were significantly decreased and only a few patients reported EPS as adverse events. Although mild and clinically non-significant elevation of ALT/SGPT was observed, most laboratory parameters including plasma prolactin level showed no significant changes during the trial. CONCLUSIONS: Although this trial had many limitations because it was a non-comparative and open study, olanzapine showed high efficacy on the positive, negative and depressive symptoms in schizophrenia and schizophreniform disorder. In addition to that, olanzapine showed a substantially favorable safety profile, such as low incidence of EPS and hyperprolactinemia.
Antipsychotic Agents ; Depression ; Dyskinesias ; Hospitals, University ; Humans ; Hyperprolactinemia ; Incidence ; Movement Disorders ; Plasma ; Prolactin ; Psychotic Disorders* ; Schizophrenia* ; Vital Signs ; Weight Gain