1.Abdominal Ultrasound Education for Gastroenterology Residents and Fellows
Young Koog CHEON ; Youngjung KIM ; Joon Seong LEE
The Korean Journal of Gastroenterology 2022;80(5):211-216
Ultrasound (US) is an essential diagnostic tool in almost every medical area. Therefore, abdominal US education for internal medicine residents was mandated by the Korean Association of Internal Medicine. However, US education for physicians has been conducted only in some university hospitals that directly perform abdominal US examinations in internal medicine, or some education is provided with the help of radiologists. US technology continues to become increasingly widespread, portable, and miniaturized. Furthermore, point-of-care US, i.e., US executed at the patient’s bedside to obtain real-time objective information with diagnostic and clinical monitoring purposes or to guide invasive procedures, has been incorporated in many specialties. Despite the increasing role of US, there is no systemized abdominal US education program. Therefore, the authors are trying to develop a structured abdominal US education program through cooperation with related US organizations.
2.Changes of Sagittal Spinopelvic Parameters in Normal Koreans with Age over 50.
Kyu Bok KANG ; Youngjung J KIM ; Nasir MUZAFFAR ; Jae Hyuk YANG ; Youngbae B KIM ; Eui Dong YEO
Asian Spine Journal 2010;4(2):96-101
STUDY DESIGN: A prospective comparative study. PURPOSE: To describe the changes in the spinopelvic parameters on normal Koreans more than 50 years of age. OVERVIEW OF LITERATURE: There are differing opinions regarding the changes in the thoracic kyphosis, lumbar lordosis, C7 plumb with age in the elderly population. METHODS: Sagittal standing radiographs of the whole spine including the pelvis in 132 Korean adult male volunteers more than 50 years of age were evaluated prospectively. Volunteers with a history of spine operation, spinal disease, pain in their back or legs, scoliosis, spondylolisthesis, monosegment disc space narrowing, or compression fracture in radiographs were excluded. The following parameters were included: thoracic kyphosis (T5 upper end plate [UEP]-T12 lower end plate [LEP]), thoracolumbar kyphosis (T10 UEP-L2 LEP), lumbar lordosis (T12 LEP-S1 UEP), lower lumbar lordosis (L4 UEP-S1 UEP), sacral slope, pelvic incidence, and the distances from the C7 plumb to the posterosuperior endplate of S1. These parameters in the 6th, 7th and 8th decade groups were compared and the changes in these parameters according to age were examined. RESULTS: The thoracic kyphosis demonstrated significant differences in the in the three age groups (p = 0.019), and increased with age (r = 0.239, p < 0.006). The other parameters did not show any significant difference or correlation. CONCLUSIONS: Similar global sagittal balances and spinopelvic parameters may be observed in Korean males older than 50 years, with a trend towards increasing thoracic kyphosis with age.
Adult
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Aged
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Animals
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Fractures, Compression
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Humans
;
Incidence
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Kyphosis
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Leg
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Lordosis
;
Male
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Pelvis
;
Prospective Studies
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Scoliosis
;
Spinal Diseases
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Spine
;
Spondylolisthesis
3.Impact of Scope Exchange from a Long Single Balloon Enteroscope to a Gastroscope during Enteroscopy-Assisted Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography in Patients with Surgically Altered Anatomy
Eunae CHO ; Chang Hwan PARK ; Youngjung KIM ; Seo Yeon CHO
Gut and Liver 2022;16(2):308-316
Background/Aims:
Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) in patients with surgically altered anatomy (SAA) is challenging to gastrointestinal endoscopists. The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of scope exchange from a long single balloon enteroscope (SBE) to a gastroscope during SBE-assisted ERCP (SBE-ERCP) in patients with SAA.
Methods:
Patients who underwent SBE-ERCP between February 2019 and October 2020 were retrospectively identified. Intubation success, scope exchange success, cannulation success, and therapeutic success were analyzed along with complications.
Results:
Fifty-six patients with various SAAs underwent SBE-ERCP procedures, including Billroth II subtotal gastrectomy (B-II, n=13), pylorus-preserving pancreato-duodenectomy (PPPD, n=6), Roux-en-Y hepaticojejunostomy (REY HJ, n=4), and total gastrectomy with REY anastomosis (TG REY, n=33). Overall intubation, cannulation, and therapeutic success rates were 89.3%, 82.1%, and 82.1%, respectively. Therapeutic success rates did not differ significantly among the type of SAA. Successful scope exchange rate after successful intubation was significantly higher in native papilla (B-II and TG REY, 83.3%, 35/42) compared to bilioenteric anastomosis (PPPD and REY HJ, 0%, 0/8, p<0.001). Intubation success, scope exchange, and cannulation success were associated with therapeutic success (p<0.001). In multivariate analysis, successful scope exchange was the only factor related to cannulation success (p=0.02). The major complication rate was 1.8% (one perforation).
Conclusions
SBE-ERCP is a safe and effective procedure to treat biliary problems in patients with SAA. Successful scope exchange may lead to higher therapeutic success by way of cannulation success.
4.Erratum: Comparison of doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity in the ICR mice of different sources.
Sou Hyun KIM ; Keuk Jun KIM ; Joung Hee KIM ; Jae Hwan KWAK ; HyunKeun SONG ; Joon Young CHO ; Dae Youn HWANG ; Kil Soo KIM ; Young Suk JUNG
Laboratory Animal Research 2017;33(4):319-319
One of the authors' names was misprinted.
5.Erratum: Comparative study of fatty liver induced by methionine and choline-deficiency in C57BL/6N mice originating from three different sources.
Sou Hyun KIM ; Yong LIM ; Ju Bin PARK ; Jae Hwan KWAK ; Keuk Jun KIM ; Joung Hee KIM ; HyunKeun SONG ; Joon Young CHO ; Dae Youn HWANG ; Kil Soo KIM ; Young Suk JUNG
Laboratory Animal Research 2017;33(4):318-318
One of the authors' names was misprinted.
6.Comparision of doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity in the ICR mice of different sources.
Sou Hyun KIM ; Keuk Jun KIM ; Joung Hee KIM ; Jae Hwan KWAK ; HyunKeun SONG ; Joon Young CHO ; Dae Youn HWANG ; Kil Soo KIM ; Young Suk JUNG
Laboratory Animal Research 2017;33(2):165-170
Doxorubicin is a widely used chemotherapeutic agents and is now part of standard therapeutic regimens for a variety of cancers (eg, hematopoietic malignancies and advanced solid tumors of the breast, ovary, thyroid, and bone). However, a potentially lethal and dose-dependent cardiotoxicity that appears within a short time after treatment limits the usage of doxorubicin in cancer patients. Although the mechanism of doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity is not completely understood, it is thought that free radical-induced oxidative stress and excessive production of reactive oxygen species are primary drivers of its toxicity. In this study, we compared the doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity of ICR mice obtained from three different sources and evaluated the utility of Korl:ICR stock established by the Korean FDA. Because doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity is thought to involve the excessive generation of ROS followed by oxidative stress, we determined the representative tissue index of oxidation, lipid peroxidation, and antioxidant, glutathione (GSH), as well as the parameters of heart injury. Doxorubicin treatment successfully induced cardiotoxicity as evidenced by histological examination and serum parameters (eg, levels of LDH and CK activities) in ICR mice. It was accompanied by increased lipid peroxidation and a decrease in both cysteine and GSH, further supporting previous reports that oxidative stress is a potential mechanism of doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity. Of interest, we did not observe a significant difference in doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity among mice of different origins. Collectively, our results suggest that Korl:ICR strain may be useful in the research of doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity.
Animals
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Breast
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Cardiotoxicity*
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Cysteine
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Doxorubicin
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Female
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Glutathione
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Heart Injuries
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Hematologic Neoplasms
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Humans
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Lipid Peroxidation
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Mice
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Mice, Inbred ICR*
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Ovary
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Oxidative Stress
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Reactive Oxygen Species
;
Thyroid Gland
7.Comparative study of fatty liver induced by methionine and choline-deficiency in C57BL/6N mice originating from three different sources.
Sou Hyun KIM ; Yong LIM ; Ju Bin PARK ; Jae Hwan KWAK ; Keuk Jun KIM ; Joung Hee KIM ; HyunKeun SONG ; Joon Young CHO ; Dae Youn HWANG ; Kil Soo KIM ; Young Suk JUNG
Laboratory Animal Research 2017;33(2):157-164
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is believed to be the most prevalent liver disease worldwide and a major cause of chronic liver injury. It is characterized by lipid accumulation in the absence of significant alcohol consumption and frequently progresses to steatohepatitis, liver fibrosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma. Although many studies have been conducted to better understand NAFLD since it was first recognized, there are still many gaps in knowledge of etiology, prognosis, prevention and treatment. Methionine-choline deficient (MCD) diet, a well-established experimental model of NAFLD in rodents, rapidly and efficiently produces the clinical pathologies including macrovesicular steatosis and leads to disease progression. In this study, we measured the response to MCD diet in C57BL/6N mice obtained from three different sources; Korea NIFDS, USA, and Japan. We evaluated changes in body weight, food consumption, and relative weights of tissues such as liver, kidney, gonadal white adipose tissue, inguinal white adipose tissue, and brown adipose tissue. These basic parameters of mice with an MCD diet were not significantly different among the sources of mice tested. After 3 weeks on an MCD diet, histopathological analyses showed that the MCD diet induced clear fat vacuoles involving most area of the acinus in the liver of all mice. It was accompanied by increased serum activities of alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase, and decreased levels of serum triglyceride and cholesterol. In conclusion, the response of C57BL6N mice originating from different sources to the MCD diet showed no significant differences as measured by physiological, biochemical, and histopathological parameters.
Adipose Tissue, Brown
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Adipose Tissue, White
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Alanine Transaminase
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Alcohol Drinking
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Animals
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Aspartate Aminotransferases
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Body Weight
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Carcinoma, Hepatocellular
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Cholesterol
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Diet
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Disease Progression
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Fatty Liver*
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Gonads
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Japan
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Kidney
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Korea
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Liver
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Liver Cirrhosis
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Liver Diseases
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Methionine*
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Mice*
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Models, Theoretical
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Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease
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Pathology
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Prognosis
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Rodentia
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Triglycerides
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Vacuoles
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Weights and Measures
8.A comparison of metabolomic changes in type-1 diabetic C57BL/6N mice originating from different sources.
Seunghyun LEE ; Jae Hwan KWAK ; Sou Hyun KIM ; Jieun YUN ; Joon Yong CHO ; Kilsoo KIM ; Daeyeon HWANG ; Young Suk JUNG
Laboratory Animal Research 2018;34(4):232-238
Animal models have been used to elucidate the pathophysiology of varying diseases and to provide insight into potential targets for therapeutic intervention. Although alternatives to animal testing have been proposed to help overcome potential drawbacks related to animal experiments and avoid ethical issues, their use remains vital for the testing of new drug candidates and to identify the most effective strategies for therapeutic intervention. Particularly, the study of metabolic diseases requires the use of animal models to monitor whole-body physiology. In line with this, the National Institute of Food and Drug Safety Evaluation (NIFDS) in Korea has established their own animal strains to help evaluate both efficacy and safety during new drug development. The objective of this study was to characterize the response of C57BL/6NKorl mice from the NIFDS compared with that of other mice originating from the USA and Japan in a chemical-induced diabetic condition. Multiple low-dose treatments with streptozotocin were used to generate a type-1 diabetic animal model which is closely linked to the known clinical pathology of this disease. There were no significantly different responses observed between the varying streptozotocin-induced type-1 diabetic models tested in this study. When comparing control and diabetic mice, increases in liver weight and disturbances in serum amino acids levels of diabetic mice were most remarkable. Although the relationship between type-1 diabetes and BCAA has not been elucidated in this study, the results, which reveal a characteristic increase in diabetic mice of all origins are considered worthy of further study.
Amino Acids
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Amino Acids, Branched-Chain
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Animal Experimentation
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Animal Testing Alternatives
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Animals
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Ethics
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Japan
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Korea
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Liver
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Metabolic Diseases
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Metabolomics*
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Mice*
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Models, Animal
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Pathology, Clinical
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Physiology
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Streptozocin
9.Comparative study of liver injury induced by high-fat methionine- and choline-deficient diet in ICR mice originating from three different sources
Seunghyun LEE ; Jae Hwan KWAK ; Sou Hyun KIM ; Tae Bin JEONG ; Seung Won SON ; Joung Hee KIM ; Yong LIM ; Joon Yong CHO ; Dae Youn HWANG ; Kil Soo KIM ; Young Suk JUNG
Laboratory Animal Research 2019;35(2):100-106
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the leading cause of chronic liver disease worldwide. It is characterized by the accumulation of lipids without alcohol intake and often progresses to non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), liver fibrosis, and end-stage liver diseases such as cirrhosis or cancer. Although animal models have greatly contributed to the understanding of NAFLD, studies on the disease progression in humans are still limited. In this study, we used the recently reported high-fat L-methionine-defined and choline-deficient (HFMCD) diet to rapidly induce NASH and compared the responses to HFMCD in ICR mice from three different countries: Korea (supplied by the National Institute of Food and Drug Safety Evaluation), USA, and Japan during 6 weeks. Feeding HFMCD did not cause significant differences in weight gain in comparison with mice fed control diet. Relative weight of the liver increased gradually, while the relative weight of the kidneys remained unchanged. The parameters of liver injury (serum activities of alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, and lactate dehydrogenase) increased rapidly from 1 week and remained elevated for as long as 6 weeks. Histopathological analysis showed that the accumulation of hepatic lipids induced by HFMCD was prominent at 1 week after diet supplementation and increased further at 6 weeks. Inflammatory markers were significantly increased in a time-dependent manner by HFMCD. The mRNA levels of TNF-α and IL-6 were elevated approximately 15-fold relative to control diet and that of IL-1β was increased more than 20-folds at 6 week after the onset of HFMCD intake. In addition, mRNA expression of fibrosis markers such as α-SMA, TGFβ1, and Col1a1 were also significantly increased at 6 week. In summary, the responses of Korl:ICR mice by intake of HFMCD diet were similar to those of ICR mice from other sources, which suggests that Korl:ICR mice is also a useful resource to study the pathogenesis of diet-induced NAFLD.
10.Comparison of toxic responses to acetaminophen challenge in ICR mice originating from different sources
Tae Bin JEONG ; Joung Hee KIM ; Sou Hyun KIM ; Seunghyun LEE ; Seung Won SON ; Yong LIM ; Joon Yong CHO ; Dae Youn HWANG ; Kil Soo KIM ; Jae Hwan KWAK ; Young Suk JUNG
Laboratory Animal Research 2019;35(3):107-113
Acetaminophen (APAP) is the most common antipyretic analgesic worldwide. However, APAP overdose causes severe liver injury, especially centrilobular necrosis, in humans and experimental animals. At therapeutic dosage, APAP is mainly metabolized by sulfation and glucuronidation, and partly by cytochrome P450–mediated oxidation. However, APAP overdose results in production of excess reactive metabolite, N-acetyl-p-benzoquinone imine (NAPQI), by cytochromes P450; NAPQI overwhelms the level of glutathione (GSH), which could otherwise detoxify it. NAPQI binds covalently to proteins, leading to cell death. A number of studies aimed at the prevention and treatment of APAP-induced toxicity are underway. Rats are more resistant than mice to APAP hepatotoxicity, and thus mouse models are mainly used. In the present study, we compared the toxic responses induced by APAP overdose in the liver of ICR mice obtained from three different sources and evaluated the usability of the Korl:ICR stock established by the National Institute of Food and Drug Safety Evaluation in Korea. Administration of APAP (300 mg/kg) by intraperitoneal injection into male ICR mice enhanced CYP2E1 protein expression and depleted hepatic GSH level 2 h after treatment accompanied with significantly increased level of hepatic malondialdehyde, a product of lipid peroxidation. Regardless of the source of the mice, hepatotoxicity, as evidenced by activity of serum alanine aminotransferase, increased from 8 h and peaked at 24 h after APAP treatment. In summary, hepatotoxicity was induced after the onset of oxidative stress by overdose of APAP, and the response was the same over time among mice of different origins.
Acetaminophen
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Alanine Transaminase
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Animals
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Cell Death
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Cytochrome P-450 CYP2E1
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Cytochromes
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Glutathione
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Humans
;
Injections, Intraperitoneal
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Korea
;
Lipid Peroxidation
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Liver
;
Male
;
Malondialdehyde
;
Mice
;
Mice, Inbred ICR
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Necrosis
;
Oxidative Stress
;
Rats