Purpose: This study aims to investigate medical faculties’ perceptions and current practice of using e-learning resources, needs and suggestions for more effective use of such resources, and future directions of e-learning in medical education. Methods: This descriptive study was conducted on full-time faculty members who were registered users of the e-learning portal of the consortium of Korean medical schools. Participants were invited to an online survey containing 45 items that addressed their perceptions and use of e-learning resources, and their predictions of future use. Descriptive analysis and reliability analysis were conducted as well as a thematic analysis of qualitative data. Results: Ninety faculty members from 31 medical schools returned the questionnaires. Participants positively perceived e-learning resources and that they predicted their use would become increasingly popular. Still, only half of the respondents were using e-learning resources for teaching and agreed that they were willing to share their e-learning resources. Our study illustrates several barriers inhibit faculty use and sharing of e-learning resources, and a need for a more comprehensive, better-organized resource repository. Participants also pointed out the needs for more resources on multimedia assessment items, clinical videos, and virtual patients. Conclusion Our study sheds light on medical faculty needs for institutional support and faculty development programs on e-learning, and institutional policies that address faculty concerns regarding ownership, intellectual property rights, and so forth on creating and sharing such resources. Collaborations among medical schools are suggested for creating a better organized around learning outcomes and more comprehensive repository of resources.

PURPOSE: To report five cases with management of macular folds by submacluar BSS injection and partial fluid-gas exchange. METHODS: This prospective study report 5 patients (5 eyes). Between December 1999 and October 2002, 5 patients with macular folds underwent submacular BSS injection and partial fluid-gas exchange. We analysed the preoperative and postoperative best corrected visual acuity, color fundus photography, FAG and Amsler-Grid test. RESULTS: Four cases developed macular folds postoperatively and one case was due to secondary macular folds;complicated with fibrovascular traction by proliferative diabetic retinopathy. The surgery was anatomically successful in all 5 cases. Visual acuity increased two line or more in 4 cases. Subjective metamorphopsia decreased in all 5 patients. CONCLUSIONS: It is thoughted that submacluar BSS injection and partial fluid-gas exchange can be new and effective method in selective cases of macular folds.
Diabetic Retinopathy ; Humans ; Photography ; Prospective Studies ; Traction ; Vision Disorders ; Visual Acuity

BACKGROUND: The superior orbital fissure is a small area that connects the middle cranial fossa and the orbit. Many studies have measured the size of the superior orbital fissure. However, there is no standard value for the size of the superior orbital fissure. Therefore, we conducted this study to provide the average size of the superior orbital fissure in Korean adults. METHODS: We measured the widths of the superior orbital fissures of 142 patients using computed tomography scans. Because the width of the superior orbital fissure varies at different locations, we measured the superior orbital fissure width at the level of the optic canal. RESULTS: In the males, the width of the superior orbital fissure on both sides was 3.79±0.93 mm, and these values were 3.79±0.96 mm for the left side and 3.783±0.92 mm for the right side. In the females, the widths of the superior orbital fissures were 3.62±1.35 mm on the left side, 3.69±1.18 mm on the right side, and 3.65±1.26 mm across both sides. CONCLUSION: There were no significant differences between the males and females or between the left and right sides. The present study suggests that we may accept the hypothesis that a congenitally narrow superior orbital fissure may be a risk factor for the superior orbital fissure syndrome. Surgeons should take precaution with patients who have narrow superior orbital fissures during the perioperative period.
Adult* ; Cranial Fossa, Middle ; Cranial Nerves ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Orbit* ; Perioperative Period ; Risk Factors ; Surgeons ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed

PURPOSE: To report a case of a recurrent macular hemorrhage that developed after surgical removal of the internal limiting membrane (ILM) for subintimal hemorrhage due to retinal macroaneurysm. CASE SUMMARY: A 75-year-old female was admitted to the hospital complaining of decreased vision in the left eye which had started 3 weeks previously. The best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) of the right and left eye was 0.7 and 0.03, respectively. The intraocular pressure (IOP) of the right and left eye was 10 mm Hg and 12 mm Hg, respectively. On the fundus examination, macular preretinal and subretinal hemorrhage was observed and a diagnosis of retinal arterial macroaneurym of the inferonasal major artery was made. Vitrectomy was performed. After indocyanine green dye staining, the sub-ILM hemorrhage was treated with removal of the ILM. At postoperative day 3, the annular chorioretinal folds were observed due to the hypotony (4 mm Hg). However, the absence of leakage was confirmed through the sclerotomy site. At postoperative day 8, recurrent submacular hemorrhage occurred and the hemorrhage was observed to have spread after intravitreal C3F8 gas injection and when the patient was placed in the prone position. At postoperative 4 months, the hemorrhage that had invaded the macular area was completely resolved. The BCVA was 0.3, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: When removing a sub-ILM hemorrhage due to retinal macroaneurysm, recurrent hemorrhage can occur especially in a patient with ocular hypotony, as in the present case report. Physicians should be aware of this possibility and the proper treatment the condition requires.
Aged ; Arteries ; Eye ; Female ; Hemorrhage ; Humans ; Indocyanine Green ; Intraocular Pressure ; Membranes ; Ocular Hypotension ; Prone Position ; Retinaldehyde ; Vision, Ocular ; Visual Acuity ; Vitrectomy

Traditionally, pathologists have used human biological material primarily for diagnostic purposes. More recently, advances in biomedical technology and changes in the research environment have placed new demands on pathologists and their handling of human materials. Moreover, these technological advances have required pathologists to be not only experts in diagnosis, but also managers of biobanks storing human biological material. Consequently, pathologists might now be confronted with unanticipated legal and ethical questions. We investigated seven examples of South Korean legislation concerning human biological material, including "The Bioethics and Safety Act" (2005), and we considered possible conflicts of interest between donors and researchers. We also reviewed international bioethical guidelines and legal precedents from several countries with special regard to pathologic glass slides, paraffin blocks, remaining specimens and other guidelines. We conclude that a better understanding of the legal and ethical questions concerning human biological material leads pathologists to safer and more conscientious management of these samples.
Bioethics ; Biological Specimen Banks ; Biomedical Technology ; Glass ; Handling (Psychology) ; Humans ; Law Enforcement ; Paraffin ; Tissue Donors

No abstract available.

BACKGROUND: Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH) is a well-known neoplastic disorder of Langerhans cells which has characteristic findings, however, LCH has not been adequately studied in Korea. METHODS: We analyzed the clinicopathologic features of 20 patients with LCH who were diagnosed between 1997 and 2006 at the Korea University Guro and Anam Hospitals. RESULTS: The M:F ratio was 3:1 and the age ranged from 2-60 years (mean, 23.8 years [4 in 1st decade, 6 in 2nd decade, 2 in 3rd decade, 5 in 4th decade and 3> or =40 years of age). The cases were classified as unifocal unisystemic in 13 patients, multifocal unisystemic in 4 patients, and multifocal multisystemic in 3 patients. The bone was the most commonly involved organ (14), followed by lymph node (5), lung (2), skin (2) and ureter (1). The Langerhans cells were immunohistochemically stained with Langerin, CD1a, S-100 protein, and CD68. Langerin and CD1a were specific for Langerhans cells. CONCLUSIONS: The distribution of the involved organs in patients with LCH was similar to the distribution in Western countries, but lymph node involvement was more frequent, whereas lung involvement was less common. Langerin is considered to be a specific marker for Langerhans cells.
Histiocytosis, Langerhans-Cell ; Humans ; Korea ; Langerhans Cells ; Lung ; Lymph Nodes ; S100 Proteins ; Sensitivity and Specificity* ; Skin ; Ureter

OBJECTIVES: To report cubital tunnel syndrome due to repetitive motions. METHODS: A worker complaining muscle weakness and atrophy of the right hand intrinsic muscles admitted to a hospital. We evaluated him with blood tests, neurophysiologic studies (NCV & EMG), plain X-ray and US at the both elbows. We investigated his occupational history, and videotaped his work motions based on the work cycle at his previous work site. Finally, an ergonomics expert analyzed the motions using rapid upper limb assessment (RULA). RESULTS: NCV & EMG studies reveals slow conduction velocity on both ulnar nerve across the elbow, more severely in the right side. US shows us compatible finding with diffuse neuritis of both ulnar nerves at both elbows. RULA score is 7. CONCLUSION: We confirmed that the workers symptoms were related to his previous jobs demanding repetitive motions using the elbow joints. It is necessary that we should prepare appropriate measures to evaluate, prevent, rehabilitate, and help injured workers to return to work.
Atrophy ; Cubital Tunnel Syndrome* ; Cumulative Trauma Disorders ; Elbow ; Elbow Joint ; Hand ; Hematologic Tests ; Human Engineering ; Muscle Weakness ; Muscles ; Neuritis ; Return to Work ; Ulnar Nerve ; Upper Extremity ; Workplace

Carcinosarcoma of the colon is rare. Seventeen cases have been reported in the English literature. Most cases occurred in the left side of the colon. Indeed, there is only one reported case of cecal carcinosarcoma. Carcinosarcoma has a tendency to distantly metastasize and shows dismal prognosis. We report a case of carcinosarcoma in the cecum and review the literature describing colonic carcinosarcoma.
Carcinosarcoma ; Cecum ; Colon ; Colon, Ascending ; Prognosis

PURPOSE: Electric saw is widely used and patients involved with the tool are increasing. We made efforts to analyze data of saw-related hand injuries. METHODS: Electric saw-related hand injuries that required operation were analyzed retrospectively by reviewing medical charts, clinical photographs and X-ray films from 2009 through 2013. Additionally, we interviewed patients regarding the type of electric saw involved (hand-held/table-mounted) and how the hand was injured. RESULTS: There were 16 male patients with 19 injured fingers and 22 injured tendons. Due to the damaging mechanism of the electric saw, injuries were severe and complex such as tendon, bone defects, fractures and amputations. 4 fingers had open fractures. Separately, 4 were amputated. Non-dominant hands were injured more by hand-held saw, while, dominant hands were damaged more by table-mounted saw. The thumb and index fingers were injured mostly by electric saw. Probability of dominant and non-dominant hand injury depends on the types of electric saw because of the working position when using this tool. CONCLUSION: Hand injuries can be classified according to the type of electronic saw used. Complete understanding of a specific trauma mechanism and the resulting injury patterns is important especially for hand surgeons. Surgeons should take into account the type of electric saw when examining patients. However, the most important step to prevent these types of injuries is to provide all workers with appropriate training and precautions before using the electric saw.
Amputation ; Finger Injuries ; Fingers ; Fractures, Open ; Hand Injuries* ; Hand* ; Humans ; Korea* ; Male ; Retrospective Studies ; Rupture ; Tendon Injuries ; Tendons ; Thumb ; X-Ray Film