PURPOSE: The study was done to examine whether consciousness of calling and life satisfaction have a mediating effect in the relationship between nursing students' purpose of life and their quality of life. METHODS: The participants were 171 nursing students studying in two colleges of nursing located in Chungcheong and Gyeonggi Province. Measurements included the purpose in life questionnaire, Korea-version WHOQOL-BREF questionnaire, brief calling scale and satisfaction with life scale. Data were analyzed using descriptive analysis and multiple regression techniques with SPSS 24.0. Mediation analysis was performed according to the Baron and Kenny method and Sobel test. RESULTS: There were significant correlations among purpose in life, consciousness of calling, satisfaction with life and quality of life. Consciousness of calling and satisfaction with life showed perfect mediating effects in the relationship between purpose in life and quality of life. CONCLUSION: In this study, nursing students' purpose in life had significant influences on nursing students' quality of life via calling consciousness and satisfaction with life. Therefore, to enhance quality of life for nursing students, it is necessary to build effective strategies and education programs to enhance nursing students' purpose in life, consciousness of calling and satisfaction with life.
Consciousness ; Education ; Gyeonggi-do ; Humans ; Methods ; Negotiating ; Nursing ; Quality of Life ; Students, Nursing

Bone single photon emission computed tomography(SPECT) of the knees has been shown to be of diagnostic value for the investigation of intemal derangement of knees(IDK). This study compared bone SPECT and magnetic resonance image(MRI) with arthroscopic findings for the diagnosis of IDK. Fifty patients who had been performed arthroscopy in Seoul National University Hospital from January 1997 to September 1997 were studied with both the modalities preoperatively. There were 38 meniscal injuries, 26 cruciate ligament injuries and 8 cases of patellofemoral joint problems. In view of SPECT, the most remarkable results were from meniscal tears. In meniscal tears, the diagnostic values of SPECT were 89.5% of sensitivity, 66.7% of specificity, 84% of diagnostic accuracy, which were comparable to those of MRI, 97.4%, 91.7% and 96%, respectively. But SPECT showed inferior diagnostic values in cruciate ligament injuries. For anterior knee pain, SPECT was more sensitive than MRI for the detection of pathology. And for functionally related cases, such as ACL impingement to intercondylar notch, SPECT was far more valuable than MRI. Bone SPECT will not provide the anatomical detail of MRI but seems to be a useful tool for the detection of wide range of knee disorders including IDK. Further research is justified to investigate the precise role of bone SPECT in clinical practice and its value in relation to MRI.
Arthroscopy ; Diagnosis ; Humans ; Knee* ; Ligaments ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging* ; Patellofemoral Joint ; Pathology ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Seoul ; Tomography, Emission-Computed, Single-Photon*

Trichophyton tonsurans is an anthropophilic dermatophyte that is not yet truly prevalent in Korea. Especially, cases of toe nail infection during childhood are very rare, and no cases have been reported prior to this report. We report a single case of tinea unguium due to T. tonsurans in a healthy child. A 7 year-old patient visited an outpatient clinic presenting with subungual hyperkeratosis of the 1st and 3rd Rt. toe nails, which had first presented at an age of 28 months, and no other symptoms. Numerous hyphae were evident on the KOH smear examination. A confirmative diagnosis of tinea unguium cased by T. tonsurans was made after culturing scales from the toe nail lesion. The patient is currently undergoing follow-up, after being treated with oral terbinafine hydrochloride, without a relapse in symptoms.
Ambulatory Care Facilities ; Arthrodermataceae ; Child ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Hyphae ; Korea ; Nails ; Naphthalenes ; Onychomycosis ; Polyenes ; Recurrence ; Toes ; Trichophyton ; Weights and Measures

BACKGROUND: Green tea extracts are approved as nonprescription drug and available as health functional foods, health foods, and beverages. Clinical information on the products is lacking. METHODS: Information about the products on green tea nonprescription drugs was obtained from the website of the Korea Pharmaceutical Information Center. The Naver, i.e., a top ranking online search portal, was used for compiling the list of the health functional food products using key words of ‘green tea catechin’ on August 23, 2018. The recommended daily dosages of catechins were calculated as 30% of the total dried mass of green tea and about 50% of the catechins were considered as epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG). RESULTS: A total of two types of nonprescription drugs containing green tea powder or extracts, nine health functional food products, and three types of health foods were found. The regulatory requirements of the EGCG exceeding 800 mg were reported to be associated with adverse effects of elevated liver enzyme. If consumers take several green tea products concurrently, such as nonprescription drugs with health functional foods or health foods, it could exceed the recommended amount of EGCG. CONCLUSION: The concurrent use of green tea products as nonprescription drugs, health functional foods, and healthy foods may lead to an increased exposure to EGCG. Pharmacists should be aware the availability of various types of green tea products and the potential risk of liver toxicity due to excessive consumption of EGCG.
Beverages ; Catechin ; Functional Food ; Humans ; Information Centers ; Korea ; Liver ; Nonprescription Drugs ; Pharmacists ; Tea* ; Weight Loss*

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to describe differences in turnover intention according to work period for new nurses and to explore factors influencing differences in turnover intention.METHODS: A longitudinal survey design was used. A structured questionnaire regarding CC (Clinical competence), MNC (Missed Nursing Care), WE (Work Engagement) and turnover intention was administered twice(at 2 months and 5 months of employment) to 98 new nurses working at a tertiary hospital.RESULTS: The regression model with each of the differences for MNC, WE, and subjective satisfaction with department against differences of turnover intention was statistically significant (F=11.98, p < .001). This model explained 26% of differences in turnover intention (Adj. R²=.26). Especially, differences in WE (β=-.43, p < .001), and differences in MNC (β=.18 p=.044) were identified as factors influencing differences in turnover intention.CONCLUSION: The turnover intention of new nurses decreased between the first 2 months and 5 months and this difference was influenced by WE and MNC. Therefore, it is necessary to provide social and institutional supports such as effective adaptation programs with sufficient periods of time for newly graduated nurses.
Clinical Competence ; Intention ; Longitudinal Studies ; Nursing ; Tertiary Care Centers

Purpose: The aim of this study was to determine the reliability and validity of the metacognition rating scale (MCRS), which is a revised version of the existing metacognition questionnaire (MCQ) with anger and anxiety added. Methods: A survey was conducted on 591 nursing students at colleges in North and South Gyeongsang Provinces, South Korea. The collected data were processed for the reliability and validity of the MCRS through Cronbach’s ⍺ and confirmatory factor analysis using SPSS 26.0. Results: Cronbach’s ⍺ for the reliability of MCRS was calculated at .88, .86, .77, .74, and .66 for five subfactors. Among the five subfactors, the first, second, third, and fifth factors showed high correlation in each of six items. Factor 4 was highly correlated in 5 out of 6 questions. Conclusion The data confirm that the MCQ revised to include anger and anxiety is both reliable and valid for nursing students. Therefore, this scale can be used to identify the maladaptive metacognition of nursing students in stressful situations.

Purpose: The aim of this study was to determine the reliability and validity of the metacognition rating scale (MCRS), which is a revised version of the existing metacognition questionnaire (MCQ) with anger and anxiety added. Methods: A survey was conducted on 591 nursing students at colleges in North and South Gyeongsang Provinces, South Korea. The collected data were processed for the reliability and validity of the MCRS through Cronbach’s ⍺ and confirmatory factor analysis using SPSS 26.0. Results: Cronbach’s ⍺ for the reliability of MCRS was calculated at .88, .86, .77, .74, and .66 for five subfactors. Among the five subfactors, the first, second, third, and fifth factors showed high correlation in each of six items. Factor 4 was highly correlated in 5 out of 6 questions. Conclusion The data confirm that the MCQ revised to include anger and anxiety is both reliable and valid for nursing students. Therefore, this scale can be used to identify the maladaptive metacognition of nursing students in stressful situations.

Purpose: This study conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to identify trends in nursing ethics education research for Korean nursing students and nurses. Methods: The data search was conducted in July 2020; domestic and foreign academic journals were targeted for the search. A combination of search terms was entered into major databases, and the year of publishing was limited to the last 10 years (2010~2020). Results: The systematic review analyzed 25 experimental and 13 non-experimental studies, and education methods included lectures, discussions, role play, film-use classes related to nursing ethics, action learning, and case-based learning. The meta-analysis of 12 studies revealed that ethical education has significant differences in effect size of biomedical ethics, critical thinking, moral judgment, and moral sensitivity. A subgroup analysis of education methods showed that in addition to traditional lecture and discussion education methods, there were significant differences in the effect size of sense of biomedical ethics between the following two methods: lecture and discussion including additional methods and lecture and discussion only. Conclusion Ethics education for nursing students and nurses has been found to be effective in improving ethics-related competencies, and various teaching methods other than lectures and discussions must be utilized.

Purpose: This study aimed to examine the moderating effect of organizational justice on the relationship between self-efficacy and nursing performance among clinical nurses. Methods: In January 2021, a cross-sectional survey was conducted with 224 clinical nurses recruited from a university-affiliated hospital in Suwon, South Korea. Participants completed online-based, self-report structured questionnaires. Collected data were analyzed using multiple regression and a simple model of PROCESS macro with a 95% bias-corrected bootstrap confidence interval. Results: Self-efficacy and organizational justice were found to be significant predictors of nursing performance. These two predictors explained the additional 34.8% variance of nursing performance in the hierarchical regression model, after adjusting the other covariates. In addition, organizational justice moderated the relationship between self-efficacy and nursing performance among the clinical nurses. In particular, at low self-efficacy level, participants with high organizational justice had higher nursing performance compared to those with low organizational justice. Conclusion Enhancing organizational justice can be used as an organizational strategy for improving the organizational culture in terms of distribution, procedure, and interaction. Ultimately, these efforts will contribute to the improvement of nursing performance through a synergistic effect on organizational justice beyond nurses’ individual competency and self-efficacy.

BACKGROUND: This study was performed to characterize the long term observations after the use of a round needle for the management of chronic musculoskeletal pain. METHODS: The study subjects were 71 patients with musculoskeletal pain who had failed at least two previous treatments. They received interventional muscle and nerve stimulation (IMNS) using a 0.8 to 1.2 mm diameter dry needle with a streamlined shaped and a round tip from March, 2002 to July, 2002. Patients received IMNS as a bilateral segmental treatment mainly in the paraspinal, sometimes in the radicular region at 2 week intervals. The follow-up rate was 97%. Follow-up occurred at 6 months after the last IMNS treatment. Main outcomes were measured using a pain relief scale and a visual analog scale. RESULTS: Spinal stenosis, Herniated Nucleus Pulposus and an unclassified group (radicular symptoms existed, but no correlatable radiographic findings of radiculopathy were found) produced positive responses whereas fibromyalgia and failed back surgery syndrome did not. CONCLUSIONS: These results reveal that IMNS has a potential value in musculoskeletal pain originating from a spinal nerve root.
Failed Back Surgery Syndrome ; Fibromyalgia ; Fluoroscopy* ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Musculoskeletal Pain ; Needles ; Radiculopathy ; Spinal Nerve Roots ; Spinal Stenosis ; Visual Analog Scale