Objective This study aimed to develop reading material for nasalance evaluation ,and find out na-salance scores associated with genders .Methods The NasalView ? (Tiger Electronics Inc .,Seattle ,USA) was used to obtain nasalance values in the new and old material .A total of 102 subjects (51 males ,51 females) who have lived in Beijing for 18 years or longer at the time of the experiment received the tests ,the results from two pieces of material and the mean nasalance gender score differences were compared .Results The mean nasalance scores of sen-tences were 56 .58% ± 3 .43% for'Nasal sentence',33 .86% ± 5 .24% for'Oral sentence',and 49 .49% ± 4 .13% for'Oro -nasal sentence'respectively in the new material .The mean nasalance scores of sentences were 54 .31% ± 4 .43% for'Nasal sentence',35 .64% ± 5 .90% for'Oral sentence',and 47 .12% ± 4 .96% for'Oro-nasal sentence're-spectively in the old material .There were significant differences between males and females through materials .The nasalance gender score differences showed that females were bigger than males (P<0 .01) .This study found a cor-relation between the new and old materials :'Nasal sentence'(r=0 .899 ,P< 0 .01) ,'Oral sentence'(r= 0 .850 ,P<0 .01) ,and'Oro -nasal sentence'(r=0 .851 ,P<0 .01) .The standard error difference showed that the new was smaller than the old (P<0 .01) .Conclusion The new material for nasalance evaluation has a better test validity ,and there is a high correlation between the old materials .The usage of the new material for nasalance evaluation will produce more accurate results with higher credibility .Normal female's nasalance scores were higher than males .

To verify whether laser-induced branch retinal vein occlusion in the rabbit can be used as the experimental model for the human study. The temporal retinal vein of the right eye was occluded with argon laser photocoagulator with parameters of 500 micrometerspot size, 0.2 second duration, 150-200 microWatt power in twelve pigmented rabbits. The left eye was used as a control. An electroretinogram was taken before and 1,3,7,15 and 28 days after vein occlusion. B/a ratio and oscillatory potentials increased in the eyes with occluded veins. Comparing the pre-occlusion values with those of post-occlusion, the changes were not statistically significant. But differences between the values of right and those of left eye were significant. We can suppose that the discrepancies may result from the difference in timing of examination. In conclusion, the rabbit model of laser-induced experimental branch retinal vein occlusion may not be adequate for the study of clinical branch retinal vein occlusion.
Argon ; Humans ; Models, Theoretical ; Rabbits* ; Retinal Vein Occlusion* ; Retinal Vein* ; Retinaldehyde* ; Veins

INTRODUCTION: Bronchial carcinoid tumors seldom occur in children, sometimes mistaken for a minor disease and diagnosed slowly. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We report on a patient who diagnose tumors slowly because confused with asthma. RESULTS: This case describes a 14-year-old boy, presenting with asthma-like symptoms throughout 3 years. He was treated as asthma but wax and wane. Chest x-ray showed an hyperlucent left lung, so we rechecked high resolution computed tomography (HRCT) for unilateral hyperinflation diseases diagnosis. It was found 1×1cm nodule in left main bronchus. We did bronchoscopy and discovered a round mass in the left bronchus, 2∼3cm away from carina. In the biopsy, it was bronchial carcinoid tumor, so we resected tumor. DISCUSSION: Because symptoms of bronchial carcinoid tumors are various, it can often be misdiagnosed firstly. It is confused with asthma, pneumonia and foreign body. An additional examination were necessary when respiratory symptoms persist.
Adolescent* ; Asthma* ; Biopsy ; Bronchi ; Bronchoscopy ; Carcinoid Tumor* ; Child ; Diagnosis ; Foreign Bodies ; Humans ; Lung ; Male* ; Pneumonia ; Thorax

Bone single photon emission computed tomography(SPECT) of the knees has been shown to be of diagnostic value for the investigation of intemal derangement of knees(IDK). This study compared bone SPECT and magnetic resonance image(MRI) with arthroscopic findings for the diagnosis of IDK. Fifty patients who had been performed arthroscopy in Seoul National University Hospital from January 1997 to September 1997 were studied with both the modalities preoperatively. There were 38 meniscal injuries, 26 cruciate ligament injuries and 8 cases of patellofemoral joint problems. In view of SPECT, the most remarkable results were from meniscal tears. In meniscal tears, the diagnostic values of SPECT were 89.5% of sensitivity, 66.7% of specificity, 84% of diagnostic accuracy, which were comparable to those of MRI, 97.4%, 91.7% and 96%, respectively. But SPECT showed inferior diagnostic values in cruciate ligament injuries. For anterior knee pain, SPECT was more sensitive than MRI for the detection of pathology. And for functionally related cases, such as ACL impingement to intercondylar notch, SPECT was far more valuable than MRI. Bone SPECT will not provide the anatomical detail of MRI but seems to be a useful tool for the detection of wide range of knee disorders including IDK. Further research is justified to investigate the precise role of bone SPECT in clinical practice and its value in relation to MRI.
Arthroscopy ; Diagnosis ; Humans ; Knee* ; Ligaments ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging* ; Patellofemoral Joint ; Pathology ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Seoul ; Tomography, Emission-Computed, Single-Photon*

The purpose of this study was to examine 1) the relationship between the vegetable eating behavior of care givers and that of children, 2) the effectiveness of nutrition education with vegetable playing using direct visual stimulating programs on vegetable eating behavior of preschool children, and 3) the times and period of nutrition education with vegetable playing for significant changes on vegetable eating behavior. A total number of 56 individuals, aged 42 to 66 months old, participated in this study in which three kinds of vegetables (30 g)/meal were served per individual, and vegetable eating behavior was measured by the residue on the dish during 5 weeks (25 days). To the simple visual stimulating group, vegetable dish was served without education, and other groups included education 1 group (nutrition education 1 time/week), education 2 group (nutrition education 2 times/week), and education 3 group (nutrition education 3 times/week) with simple visual stimulation by the vegetable dish. The results showed 1) the significant relationship (P < 0.001) between the vegetable eating behavior of the care giver and that of children by analysis of the questionnaire, 2) the effectiveness of nutrition education using vegetable playing on vegetable eating behavior of preschool children (P < 0.05), and 3) the significant changes in vegetable eating behavior by the 3rd week in the education 3 group. This study shows that food neophobia caused behavior problems in children regarding vegetable eating and repeated exposure was able to reduce food neophobia.
Caregivers ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Eating ; Education ; Feeding Behavior ; Humans ; Photic Stimulation ; Vegetables

Purpose: This study aimed to compare the effects of oral swab and non-swab using cold water gauze on patients’ thirst and oral status following nasal surgery under general anesthesia. Methods: A non-equivalent control group was applied. Participants were divided into a control group (n=30) that was treated by cared for with cold water gauze application without oral swab and an experimental group (n=29) that was treated cared for with oral swab using cold water gauze after nasal surgery at the G University Hospital in Korea. Data were collected from May 14, 2020, to April 30, 2021, and analyzed using descriptive statistics, a chi-squared test, independent t-test, Wilcoxon signed-ranks test, and Mann-Whitney test. Results: The results showed no significant differences between the two groups in thirst (U=-0.04, p=.693) and overall oral condition (U=-0.34, p=.813) after the intervention. However, participants’ thirst and oral condition were significantly improved in each group after intervention. Conclusions It was confirmed that both oral care methods reduced thirst and improved oral condition after nasal surgery. These findings indicate the need for intervention for patients’ thirst and oral condition after nasal surgery. Furthermore, they show that these oral care protocols can be used as a safe and effective nursing intervention for patients who undergo nasal surgery under general anesthesia.

Purpose: This study aimed to examine the moderating effect of organizational justice on the relationship between self-efficacy and nursing performance among clinical nurses. Methods: In January 2021, a cross-sectional survey was conducted with 224 clinical nurses recruited from a university-affiliated hospital in Suwon, South Korea. Participants completed online-based, self-report structured questionnaires. Collected data were analyzed using multiple regression and a simple model of PROCESS macro with a 95% bias-corrected bootstrap confidence interval. Results: Self-efficacy and organizational justice were found to be significant predictors of nursing performance. These two predictors explained the additional 34.8% variance of nursing performance in the hierarchical regression model, after adjusting the other covariates. In addition, organizational justice moderated the relationship between self-efficacy and nursing performance among the clinical nurses. In particular, at low self-efficacy level, participants with high organizational justice had higher nursing performance compared to those with low organizational justice. Conclusion Enhancing organizational justice can be used as an organizational strategy for improving the organizational culture in terms of distribution, procedure, and interaction. Ultimately, these efforts will contribute to the improvement of nursing performance through a synergistic effect on organizational justice beyond nurses’ individual competency and self-efficacy.

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to describe differences in turnover intention according to work period for new nurses and to explore factors influencing differences in turnover intention.METHODS: A longitudinal survey design was used. A structured questionnaire regarding CC (Clinical competence), MNC (Missed Nursing Care), WE (Work Engagement) and turnover intention was administered twice(at 2 months and 5 months of employment) to 98 new nurses working at a tertiary hospital.RESULTS: The regression model with each of the differences for MNC, WE, and subjective satisfaction with department against differences of turnover intention was statistically significant (F=11.98, p < .001). This model explained 26% of differences in turnover intention (Adj. R²=.26). Especially, differences in WE (β=-.43, p < .001), and differences in MNC (β=.18 p=.044) were identified as factors influencing differences in turnover intention.CONCLUSION: The turnover intention of new nurses decreased between the first 2 months and 5 months and this difference was influenced by WE and MNC. Therefore, it is necessary to provide social and institutional supports such as effective adaptation programs with sufficient periods of time for newly graduated nurses.
Clinical Competence ; Intention ; Longitudinal Studies ; Nursing ; Tertiary Care Centers

Cavernous sinus (CS) lesion is hard to access by surgical approach. With the development of endovascular technique, neurointerventional therapy is an alternative modality for CS lesions. This endovascular technique has been widely used for the past decade, avoiding the risks associated with surgical treatment. However, complications can still arise from coil embolization. Although immediate complication associate with embolic event or mass effect has been well described, but delayed (>1 year from treatment) nerve palsy after coil embolization is rare. We report two cases of delayed cranial nerve palsy after successful endovascular coil embolization in CS lesion.

Purpose: The aim of this study was to determine the reliability and validity of the metacognition rating scale (MCRS), which is a revised version of the existing metacognition questionnaire (MCQ) with anger and anxiety added. Methods: A survey was conducted on 591 nursing students at colleges in North and South Gyeongsang Provinces, South Korea. The collected data were processed for the reliability and validity of the MCRS through Cronbach’s ⍺ and confirmatory factor analysis using SPSS 26.0. Results: Cronbach’s ⍺ for the reliability of MCRS was calculated at .88, .86, .77, .74, and .66 for five subfactors. Among the five subfactors, the first, second, third, and fifth factors showed high correlation in each of six items. Factor 4 was highly correlated in 5 out of 6 questions. Conclusion The data confirm that the MCQ revised to include anger and anxiety is both reliable and valid for nursing students. Therefore, this scale can be used to identify the maladaptive metacognition of nursing students in stressful situations.