Objective This study aimed to develop reading material for nasalance evaluation ,and find out na-salance scores associated with genders .Methods The NasalView ? (Tiger Electronics Inc .,Seattle ,USA) was used to obtain nasalance values in the new and old material .A total of 102 subjects (51 males ,51 females) who have lived in Beijing for 18 years or longer at the time of the experiment received the tests ,the results from two pieces of material and the mean nasalance gender score differences were compared .Results The mean nasalance scores of sen-tences were 56 .58% ± 3 .43% for'Nasal sentence',33 .86% ± 5 .24% for'Oral sentence',and 49 .49% ± 4 .13% for'Oro -nasal sentence'respectively in the new material .The mean nasalance scores of sentences were 54 .31% ± 4 .43% for'Nasal sentence',35 .64% ± 5 .90% for'Oral sentence',and 47 .12% ± 4 .96% for'Oro-nasal sentence're-spectively in the old material .There were significant differences between males and females through materials .The nasalance gender score differences showed that females were bigger than males (P<0 .01) .This study found a cor-relation between the new and old materials :'Nasal sentence'(r=0 .899 ,P< 0 .01) ,'Oral sentence'(r= 0 .850 ,P<0 .01) ,and'Oro -nasal sentence'(r=0 .851 ,P<0 .01) .The standard error difference showed that the new was smaller than the old (P<0 .01) .Conclusion The new material for nasalance evaluation has a better test validity ,and there is a high correlation between the old materials .The usage of the new material for nasalance evaluation will produce more accurate results with higher credibility .Normal female's nasalance scores were higher than males .

INTRODUCTION: Bronchial carcinoid tumors seldom occur in children, sometimes mistaken for a minor disease and diagnosed slowly. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We report on a patient who diagnose tumors slowly because confused with asthma. RESULTS: This case describes a 14-year-old boy, presenting with asthma-like symptoms throughout 3 years. He was treated as asthma but wax and wane. Chest x-ray showed an hyperlucent left lung, so we rechecked high resolution computed tomography (HRCT) for unilateral hyperinflation diseases diagnosis. It was found 1×1cm nodule in left main bronchus. We did bronchoscopy and discovered a round mass in the left bronchus, 2∼3cm away from carina. In the biopsy, it was bronchial carcinoid tumor, so we resected tumor. DISCUSSION: Because symptoms of bronchial carcinoid tumors are various, it can often be misdiagnosed firstly. It is confused with asthma, pneumonia and foreign body. An additional examination were necessary when respiratory symptoms persist.
Adolescent* ; Asthma* ; Biopsy ; Bronchi ; Bronchoscopy ; Carcinoid Tumor* ; Child ; Diagnosis ; Foreign Bodies ; Humans ; Lung ; Male* ; Pneumonia ; Thorax

Multivisceral organ transplantation involves the transplantation of three or more abdominal organs, including small bowel, duodenum, stomach, liver, pancreas, colon, and so on. The large amounts of cold and acidic loading into systemic circulation from the graft during multivisceral organ transplantation may result in severe post-reperfusion syndrome (PRS). We describe here a 6-year-old pediatric patient with chronic intestinal pseudo-obstruction who experienced prolonged PRS and severe metabolic acidosis during seven abdominal organ transplantation including the liver, spleen, stomach, duodenum, small bowel, colon and pancreas. The hypotensive period lasted approximately 10 minutes after graft reperfusion and was accompanied by severe metabolic acidosis and hypothermia. Since PRS can be easily associated with adverse outcomes, such as poor early graft function and primary non-function, not only meticulous surveillance for aggravating factors for PRS but also their immediate correction were necessary in managing a pediatric patient undergoing multivisceral organ transplantation.
Acidosis ; Child ; Colon ; Duodenum ; Humans ; Hypothermia ; Intestinal Pseudo-Obstruction ; Intestines ; Liver ; Organ Transplantation* ; Pancreas ; Primary Graft Dysfunction ; Reperfusion ; Spleen ; Stomach ; Transplantation ; Transplants*

BACKGROUND: Although it is well known that bone mineral density (BMD) loss occurs after menopausal transition, there are only few previous studies that describe differences of BMD and biochemical bone markers in women of pre- and postmenopausal periods. The purpose of this study was to find factors that contribute to loss of BMD after menopause and to show changes of BMD and biochemical bone markers during pre- and postmenopausal periods by retrospective cohort study. METHODS: This retrospective cohort study was performed from Jan. 1995 to Jan. 2001 at a health promotion center. Twenty one healthy perimenopausal women were enrolled. BMD and biochemical bone markers were checked more than two times during the study period. Changes of BMD and biochemical bone markers between pre- and postmenopausal state were compared by paired t-test. Pearson correlation and multiple regression were performed to find the contributing factors to loss of BMD after menopause. RESULTS: Postmenopausal BMD (164.65 36.34 mg/cm3) was significantly decreased to 16.49 16.91 mg/cm3 (P<0.001) as compared with premenopausal BMD (181.14 40.81 mg/cm3). In biochemical bone markers only urine deoxypyridinoline had a significant difference (3.30 3.97 nMDP/mMcre, P<0.05) Only premenopausal BMD contributed to decreasing rate of BMD between the two states and the loss of BMD after menopause (P<0.05). CONCLUSION: In perimenopausal healthy women, postmenopausal BMD was significantly decreased as compared with premenopausal BMD. And only premenopausal BMD was shown to be a contributing factor to decreasing rate of BMD between the two states and the loss of BMD after menopause. It suggests that premenopausal BMD is important in predicting postmenopausal osteoporosis and efforts to prevent loss of BMD before menopause can prevent progress of postmenopausal osteoporosis.
Bone Density* ; Cohort Studies* ; Female ; Health Promotion ; Humans ; Menopause ; Osteoporosis, Postmenopausal ; Postmenopause ; Retrospective Studies*

Background: Rapid revascularization is the key to better patient outcomes in ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). Direct activation of cardiac catheterization laboratory (CCL) using artificial intelligence (AI) interpretation of initial electrocardiography (ECG) might help reduce door-to-balloon (D2B) time. To prove that this approach is feasible and beneficial, we assessed the non-inferiority of such a process over conventional evaluation and estimated its clinical benefits, including a reduction in D2B time, medical cost, and 1-year mortality. Methods: This is a single-center retrospective study of emergency department (ED) patients suspected of having STEMI from January 2021 to June 2021. Quantitative ECG (QCG™), a comprehensive cardiovascular evaluation system, was used for screening. The non-inferiority of the AI-driven CCL activation over joint clinical evaluation by emergency physicians and cardiologists was tested using a 5% non-inferiority margin. Results: Eighty patients (STEMI, 54 patients [67.5%]) were analyzed. The area under the curve of QCG score was 0.947. Binned at 50 (binary QCG), the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV) and negative predictive value (NPV) were 98.1% (95% confidence interval [CI], 94.6%, 100.0%), 76.9% (95% CI, 60.7%, 93.1%), 89.8% (95% CI, 82.1%, 97.5%) and 95.2% (95% CI, 86.1%, 100.0%), respectively. The difference in sensitivity and specificity between binary QCG and the joint clinical decision was 3.7% (95% CI, −3.5%, 10.9%) and 19.2% (95% CI, −4.7%, 43.1%), respectively, confirming the non-inferiority. The estimated median reduction in D2B time, evaluation cost, and the relative risk of 1-year mortality were 11.0 minutes (interquartile range [IQR], 7.3–20.0 minutes), 26,902.2 KRW (22.78 USD) per STEMI patient, and 12.39% (IQR, 7.51–22.54%), respectively. Conclusion AI-assisted CCL activation using initial ECG is feasible. If such a policy is implemented, it would be reasonable to expect some reduction in D2B time, medical cost, and 1-year mortality.