PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to identify the moderating effect of leisure satisfaction on the relationship between job stress and job satisfaction. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was performed with 292 nurses having experienced shift work at least for 6 months. Data were collected from August to September in 2014. Descriptive statistics, t-test, correlation coefficient, and hierarchical regression analysis were performed. RESULTS: The study showed that job satisfaction was significantly correlated with job stress (r=.-320, p<.001) and leisure satisfaction (r=.317, p<.001). Leisure satisfaction had a significant moderating effect on the relationship between job stress and job satisfaction (F=25.087, p<.001). CONCLUSION: This study concluded that the role of leisure satisfaction may moderate the relationship between the two. That is, the nurses who perceived higher satisfaction on their leisure life tend to have higher satisfaction to their job even in stress situation. Therefore, the strategies for improving leisure satisfaction are needed to increase job satisfaction in stressful conditions.
Cross-Sectional Studies ; Job Satisfaction* ; Leisure Activities*

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the psychometric properties of the Hypertension Self-Care Behavior Scale for older adults with hypertension in Korea. METHODS: A cross-sectional descriptive study was used with 196 participants. Translation and back-translation were performed by bilingual nursing professionals and a nutritionist. Reliability and validity such as content validity, construct validity, and concurrent validity were conducted. To evaluate the concurrent validity, the correlation coefficients between the Korean version of Hypertension Self-Care Behavior and concurrent scales (hypertension adherence scale and self-efficacy scale) were calculated. RESULTS: The total 20 items for the Korean version of the Hypertension Self-Care (HBP-SC) Behavior Scale were retained during item-analysis. In explanatory factor analysis, a two-factor solution was proposed and the two factors named, ‘HBP-SC Diet behavior’ and ‘HBP-SC Health behavior (except diet)’. The two factors accounted for 48.9% of the variances. The Korean version of the Hypertension Self-Care Behavior Scale correlated with concurrent variables such as hypertension adherence and self-efficacy. For reliability of the Korean version of the Hypertension Self-Care Behavior, Cronbach's α=.92. CONCLUSION: Findings show that the Korean version of the Hypertension Self-Care Behavior is reliable and valid for measuring self-care behavior of older adults with hypertension.
Adult ; Diet ; Health Behavior ; Humans ; Hypertension* ; Korea* ; Nursing ; Nutritionists ; Psychometrics* ; Reproducibility of Results ; Self Care* ; Weights and Measures

Purpose: This study aimed to identify how job stress and teaching efficacy impacted organizational commitment. Methods: Data were collected from 158 nursing professors via an online survey, from Jan to June 2019. Results The study found that four factors affected the organizational commitment of nursing professors: i) type of nursing institution in which they are currently employed (β=-.16, p=.030), ii) position as an assistant professor (β=-.37, p=.012) and an associate professor (β=-.44, p=.002), iii) salary in the 50-59 million won range (β=.20, p=.024), and above 60 million won (β=.41, p<.001), and iv) professor’s teaching efficacy (β=-.18, p<.016). Conclusion: To increase the organizational commitment of four-year university professors, job characteristics should be considered. In the case of lower positions and salaries, additional compensation and programs that increase school affiliation should be introduced. Teaching methods training, lecture evaluation monitoring programs, and clinical training may also improve teaching efficacy.

OBJECTIVES: Despite the importance of the protection of patients' health information in clinical settings, little is known about the awareness of this concept in nursing students due to the lack of a suitable measurement tool. Hence, this study attempted to redevelop the Patients' Health Information Protection Awareness Scale, and evaluate its construct validity and reliability for nursing students. METHODS: A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted. Nursing students who were in their 3rd and 4th year were recruited from 10 universities in Korea to assess the construct validity, and 30 experts (27 nurses and 3 faculty members) participated in the content validation process. RESULTS: The content validity assessment indicated that 23 items were ideal. The assessment of construct validity using exploratory factor analysis revealed three factors: communication, management, and referrals. They together accounted for 54.1% of the variance in scale scores. The three-factor scale had good fit in the confirmatory factor analysis. Scale reliability was confirmed, with a Cronbach's alpha of 0.94 for all items. CONCLUSIONS: This study was the first attempt to redevelop the Patients' Health Information Protection Awareness Scale for student nurses. The 23-item scale was shown to be a reliable and valid tool. It facilitates the assessment of nursing students' awareness of patient information protection. Academic nursing programs and health organizations can use its scores to implement adequate education plans to safeguard information in nursing students.
Computer Security* ; Education ; Health Information Management ; Humans ; Korea ; Nursing ; Referral and Consultation ; Reproducibility of Results ; Students, Nursing

Purpose: We evaluated the use of three criteria to determine the need for additional treatment of cystic thyroid nodules after their recurrence following ethanol ablation (EA). Methods: In total, 154 patients (male:female=30:124; mean age, 53.4 years; range, 23 to 79 years) with 154 thyroid nodules (49 cystic and 105 predominantly cystic nodules) who presented between January 2014 and August 2017 were enrolled. All patients underwent follow-up ultrasonography (US) 1 month after EA, and were divided into therapeutic success and failure groups. Therapeutic success was defined as the absence of any residual fluid or sufficient volume reduction (≥50%) with improvement of nodule-related symptoms. The therapeutic failure was defined according to three previously suggested criteria for recommending additional treatment: nodules with ≥1 mL of remnant fluid (criterion 1), volume reduction <50% (criterion 2), and demonstration of a solid component with vascularity (criterion 3). Results: Thyroid nodules treated by EA showed significant volume reduction (18.4±21.6 mL to 4.2±6.5 mL [1-month follow-up] to 1.9±3.3 mL [final follow-up], P<0.001) and improvement in clinical problems. Therapeutic failure were 26 patients according to criteria 1, 14 patients according to criteria 2, and 35 patients according to criteria 3. Additional treatment was unnecessary in 81.3%, 70.0%, and 77.8% of patients deemed to need it according to criteria 1, 2, and 3, respectively. Conclusion The choice to perform additional treatment after EA should be made according to a combination of clinical problems and US features. Understanding this concept will be useful in planning further treatment following US-guided EA.

Background and Objectives: Embryonic stem (ES) cells have the capacity to self-renew and generate all types of cells.MUC1-C, a cytoplasmic subunit of MUC1, is overexpressed in various carcinomas and mediates signaling pathways to regulate intracellular metabolic processes and gene expression involved in the maintenance of cancer cells. However, the functional role of MUC1-C in ES cells is not well understood. In this study, we investigated the role of MUC1-C on growth, survival,: and differentiation of mouse ES (mES) cells. Methods: and Results: Undifferentiated mES cells expressed the MUC1-C protein and the expression level was decreased during differentiation. Inhibition of MUC1-C, by the specific inhibitor GO201, reduced proliferation of mES cells.However, there was no prominent effect on pluripotent markers such as Oct4 expression and STAT3 signaling, and MUC1-C inhibition did not induce differentiation. Inhibition of MUC1-C increased the G1 phase population, decreased the S phase population, and increased cell death. Furthermore, inhibition of MUC1-C induced disruption of the ROS balance in mES cells. Conclusions These results suggest that MUC1-C is involved in the growth and survival of mES cells.

Background and Objectives: Embryonic stem (ES) cells have the capacity to self-renew and generate all types of cells.MUC1-C, a cytoplasmic subunit of MUC1, is overexpressed in various carcinomas and mediates signaling pathways to regulate intracellular metabolic processes and gene expression involved in the maintenance of cancer cells. However, the functional role of MUC1-C in ES cells is not well understood. In this study, we investigated the role of MUC1-C on growth, survival,: and differentiation of mouse ES (mES) cells. Methods: and Results: Undifferentiated mES cells expressed the MUC1-C protein and the expression level was decreased during differentiation. Inhibition of MUC1-C, by the specific inhibitor GO201, reduced proliferation of mES cells.However, there was no prominent effect on pluripotent markers such as Oct4 expression and STAT3 signaling, and MUC1-C inhibition did not induce differentiation. Inhibition of MUC1-C increased the G1 phase population, decreased the S phase population, and increased cell death. Furthermore, inhibition of MUC1-C induced disruption of the ROS balance in mES cells. Conclusions These results suggest that MUC1-C is involved in the growth and survival of mES cells.

Brainstem infarction due to vertebrobasilar insufficiency is a rare initial presentation of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients and small-vessel dissection as the direct cause of infarction has not been reported. We report the case of a 20-year-old female with acute infarction on the right side of the pons due to a small artery (pontine perforator) dissection, identified on digital subtraction angiography and high-resolution vessel wall MRI (vwMRI). She was diagnosed with SLE based on the presence of neurologic disorders and relevant laboratory findings. The pontine perforator-dissecting aneurysm had occluded and the right distal vertebral artery had resolved on subsequent vwMRI. She had a modified Rankin Scale (mRS) score of 1 at discharge with mild symptom improvement, and exhibited no further aggravation of symptoms at 3 or 12 months, maintaining an mRS score of 1.

Brainstem infarction due to vertebrobasilar insufficiency is a rare initial presentation of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients and small-vessel dissection as the direct cause of infarction has not been reported. We report the case of a 20-year-old female with acute infarction on the right side of the pons due to a small artery (pontine perforator) dissection, identified on digital subtraction angiography and high-resolution vessel wall MRI (vwMRI). She was diagnosed with SLE based on the presence of neurologic disorders and relevant laboratory findings. The pontine perforator-dissecting aneurysm had occluded and the right distal vertebral artery had resolved on subsequent vwMRI. She had a modified Rankin Scale (mRS) score of 1 at discharge with mild symptom improvement, and exhibited no further aggravation of symptoms at 3 or 12 months, maintaining an mRS score of 1.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the increased value of using coronal reformation of a transverse computed tomography (CT) scan for detecting adnexal torsion. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This study included 106 woman suspected of having adnexal torsion who underwent CT with coronal reformations and subsequent surgical exploration. Two readers independently recorded the CT findings, such as the thickening of a fallopian tube, twisting of the adnexal pedicle, eccentric smooth wall thickening of the torsed adnexal mass, eccentric septal thickening of the torsed adnexal mass, eccentric poor enhancement of the torsed adnexal mass, uterine deviation to the twisted side, ascites or infiltration of pelvic fat, and the overall impression of adnexal torsion with a transverse scan alone or combined with coronal reformation and a transverse scan. The areas under the receiver operating characteristic curves (AUCs), sensitivity, specificity, and positive predictive value were used to compare diagnostic performance. RESULTS: Fifty-two patients were confirmed to have adnexal torsion. The addition of coronal reformations to the transverse scan improved AUCs for readers 1 and 2 from 0.74 and 0.75 to 0.92 and 0.87, respectively, for detecting adnexal torsion (p < 0.001 and p = 0.004, respectively). Sensitivity of CT for detecting twisting of the adnexal pedicle increased significantly for readers 1 and 2 from 0.27 and 0.29 with a transverse scan alone to 0.79 and 0.77 with a combined coronal reformation and a transverse scan, respectively (p < 0.001 and p < 0.001, respectively). CONCLUSION: Use of a coronal reformation with transverse CT images improves detection of adnexal torsion.
Acute Pain/diagnosis/radiography ; Adnexa Uteri/pathology/*radiography ; Adnexal Diseases/*radiography ; Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Area Under Curve ; Child ; Female ; Humans ; Middle Aged ; Pelvis/radiography ; ROC Curve ; Retrospective Studies ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed/*methods ; Torsion Abnormality/*diagnosis/*radiography ; Young Adult