Trichophyton tonsurans is an anthropophilic dermatophyte that is not yet truly prevalent in Korea. Especially, cases of toe nail infection during childhood are very rare, and no cases have been reported prior to this report. We report a single case of tinea unguium due to T. tonsurans in a healthy child. A 7 year-old patient visited an outpatient clinic presenting with subungual hyperkeratosis of the 1st and 3rd Rt. toe nails, which had first presented at an age of 28 months, and no other symptoms. Numerous hyphae were evident on the KOH smear examination. A confirmative diagnosis of tinea unguium cased by T. tonsurans was made after culturing scales from the toe nail lesion. The patient is currently undergoing follow-up, after being treated with oral terbinafine hydrochloride, without a relapse in symptoms.
Ambulatory Care Facilities ; Arthrodermataceae ; Child ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Hyphae ; Korea ; Nails ; Naphthalenes ; Onychomycosis ; Polyenes ; Recurrence ; Toes ; Trichophyton ; Weights and Measures

Purpose: The aim of this study was to determine the reliability and validity of the metacognition rating scale (MCRS), which is a revised version of the existing metacognition questionnaire (MCQ) with anger and anxiety added. Methods: A survey was conducted on 591 nursing students at colleges in North and South Gyeongsang Provinces, South Korea. The collected data were processed for the reliability and validity of the MCRS through Cronbach’s ⍺ and confirmatory factor analysis using SPSS 26.0. Results: Cronbach’s ⍺ for the reliability of MCRS was calculated at .88, .86, .77, .74, and .66 for five subfactors. Among the five subfactors, the first, second, third, and fifth factors showed high correlation in each of six items. Factor 4 was highly correlated in 5 out of 6 questions. Conclusion The data confirm that the MCQ revised to include anger and anxiety is both reliable and valid for nursing students. Therefore, this scale can be used to identify the maladaptive metacognition of nursing students in stressful situations.

Purpose: The aim of this study was to determine the reliability and validity of the metacognition rating scale (MCRS), which is a revised version of the existing metacognition questionnaire (MCQ) with anger and anxiety added. Methods: A survey was conducted on 591 nursing students at colleges in North and South Gyeongsang Provinces, South Korea. The collected data were processed for the reliability and validity of the MCRS through Cronbach’s ⍺ and confirmatory factor analysis using SPSS 26.0. Results: Cronbach’s ⍺ for the reliability of MCRS was calculated at .88, .86, .77, .74, and .66 for five subfactors. Among the five subfactors, the first, second, third, and fifth factors showed high correlation in each of six items. Factor 4 was highly correlated in 5 out of 6 questions. Conclusion The data confirm that the MCQ revised to include anger and anxiety is both reliable and valid for nursing students. Therefore, this scale can be used to identify the maladaptive metacognition of nursing students in stressful situations.

Helicobacter pylori-eliminating effects of FEMY-R7, composed of fucoidan and evening primrose extract, were investigated in mice and humans. Male C57BL/6 mice were infected with the bacteria by intragastric inoculation (1x10(9) CFU/mouse) 3 times at 2-day intervals, and simultaneously, orally treated twice a day with 10 or 100 mg/kg FEMY-R7 for 2 weeks. In Campylobcter-like organism-detection test, FEMY-R7 markedly reduced the urease-positive reactivity. In a clinical sudy, human subjects, confirmed to be infected with Helicobacter pylori, were orally administered twice a day with a capsule containing 150 mg FEMY-R7 for 8 weeks. FEMY-R7 significantly decreased both the Delta over baseline-value in urea breath test and the serum pepsinogens I and II levels. The results indicate that FEMY-R7 not only eliminates H. pylori from gastric mucosa of animals and humans, but also improves gastric function.
Animals ; Bacteria ; Breath Tests ; Gastric Mucosa ; Helicobacter ; Helicobacter pylori ; Humans ; Male ; Mice* ; Oenothera biennis* ; Pepsinogen A ; Pepsinogens ; Urea

Helicobacter pylori-eliminating effects of FEMY-R7, composed of Laminaria japonica and Oenothera biennis extracts, were investigated in mice and humans. Male C57BL/6 mice were infected with the bacteria by intragastric inoculation (1x10(9) CFU/mouse) 3 times at 2-day intervals, and simultaneously, orally treated twice a day with total 20, 64 or 200 mg/kg/day FEMY-R7 for 2 weeks. In Campylobcter-like organism (CLO)-detection tests on gastric mucosa and feces, FEMY-R7 reduced the urease-positive reactivity in a dose-dependent manner; i.e., the positivity ratios were decreased to 70, 20, and 10% for gastric mocosa and to 80, 50, and 20% for feces. In a clinical sudy, human subjects, confirmed to be infected with Helicobacter pylori, were orally administered twice a day with capsules containing total 100, 320 or 1,000 mg/man/day FEMY-R7 (matching doses for 20, 64 or 200 mg/kg/day, respectively, in mice from a body surface area-based dose translation) for 8 weeks. FEMY-R7 decreased the positivity ratios in feces to 70, 40, and 30%, respectively. In bacterial culture, H. pylori was identified from the CLO-positive stools of mice and humans. The bacterial identification ratios exhibited a good correlation between the matching doses in mice and humans. It is suggested that FEMY-R7 could be a promising functional food without tolerance as an adjunct to reduce the dosage of antibiotics for the treatment of recurrent H. pylori infection.
Animals ; Anti-Bacterial Agents ; Bacteria ; Capsules ; Feces ; Functional Food ; Gastric Mucosa ; Helicobacter ; Helicobacter pylori ; Humans ; Laminaria* ; Male ; Mice* ; Oenothera biennis*

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The cardiac autonomic nervous system is an emerging target for therapeutic control of atrial fibrillation (AF). We evaluated the effects of low-intensity autonomic nerve stimulation (LI-ANS) on atrial electrophysiology, AF vulnerability, and neural remodeling. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Fourteen dogs were subjected to 3 hours rapid atrial pacing (RAP, 5 Hz) and concomitant high frequency LI-ANS (20 Hz, at voltages 40% below the threshold) as follows: no autonomic stimulation (control, n=3); or right cervical vagus nerve (RVN, n=6), anterior right ganglionated plexi (ARGP, n=3), and superior left ganglionated plexi (SLGP, n=2) stimulation. Programmed and burst atrial pacing were performed at baseline and at the end of each hour to determine atrial effective refractory period (ERP), window of vulnerability (WOV), and inducibility of sustained AF. RESULTS: Atrial ERP was significantly shortened by 3 hours RAP (in control group, DeltaERP=-47.9+/-8.9%, p=0.032), and RAP-induced ERP shortening was attenuated by LI-ANS (in LI-ANS group, DeltaERP=-15.4+/-5.9%, p=0.019; vs. control, p=0.035). Neither WOV for AF nor AF inducibility changed significantly during 3 hours RAP with simultaneous LI-ANS. There was no significant difference between the control and LI-ANS group in nerve density and sprouting evaluated by anti-tyrosine hydroxylase and anti-growth associated protein-43 staining. Among the various sites for LI-ANS, the ARGP-stimulation group showed marginally lower DeltaWOV (p=0.077) and lower nerve sprouting (p=0.065) compared to the RVN-stimulation group. CONCLUSION: Low-intensity autonomic nerve stimulation significantly attenuated the shortening of atrial ERP caused by RAP. ARGP may be a better target for LI-ANS than RVN for the purpose of suppressing atrial remodeling in AF.
Animals ; Atrial Fibrillation ; Atrial Remodeling ; Autonomic Nervous System ; Autonomic Pathways* ; Dogs ; Electrophysiology* ; Ganglion Cysts ; Vagus Nerve

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Radiofrequency catheter ablation (RFCA) exposes patients to fixed angle radiation for extended periods of time. We investigated the incidence and characteristics of radiation-induced dermatitis (RID) associated with RFCA. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: We screened 1347 consecutive patients from 2000 to 2011 who underwent RFCA for any indication and reviewed patients with dermatologic issues at the 1-month follow-up. Skin lesions were classified into three groups: most likely RID, probable RID, and possible RID. RESULTS: Of the 1347 enrolled patients, 12 (0.89%) experienced dermatologic issues within 1 month after RFCA, including six patients (0.45%) clinically classified as 'most likely RID' and four patients (0.30%) with 'probable RID'. Ten patients, including most likely RID or probable RID patients, developed skin lesions on the right back and upper arm. Skin lesions did not improve without meticulous treatment, and three cases required surgical intervention. We compared the RID group to the remaining 1335 patients (normal group). The mean body mass indices (BMIs) of the RID and normal groups were 29.3 and 23.9 kg/m², respectively (p<0.001). Radiation exposure times were longer in the RID group (180±31.0 vs. 47±49.9 minutes, p<0.001). We further analyzed 44 patients (6 RID cases and 38 normal patients) that had BMIs >26 kg/m2 and exposure times >115 minutes based on receiver operator characteristic curve analyses. Among the 35 patients without RID, 29 patients (82.9%) did not use biplane fluoroscopy. CONCLUSIONS: Patients with high BMIs have a higher risk of developing severe RID with increasing fluoroscopy times using biplane fluoroscopy.
Arm ; Body Mass Index ; Catheter Ablation* ; Dermatitis ; Fluoroscopy ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Incidence* ; Radiation Exposure ; Radiodermatitis* ; Skin

Using 49 capacitive-coupled electrodes, mattress-type harness was developed to obtain posterior body surface potential map (P-BSPM) in dressed individuals. The aim of this study was to investigate how valuable information P-BSPM could provide, especially in discrimination of old myocardial infarction (OMI). P-BSPM of 59 individuals were analyzed; 23 normal control, 11 right bundle branch block (RBBB), 3 left bundle branch block (LBBB) and 19 OMI patients. Principal component analysis and linear hyper-plane approach were used to evaluate diagnostic performance. The axes of P-BSPM vector potential corresponded well with 12-lead electrocardiogram. During QRS, the end point of P-BSPM vector potential demonstrated characteristic clockwise rotation in RBBB, and counterclockwise rotation in LBBB patients. In OMI, initial negativity on P-BSPM during QRS was more frequently located at lower half, and also stronger in patients with inferior myocardial infarction (MI). The area under the receiver-operating characteristic curve of P-BSPM during QRS in diagnosing overall OMI, anterior MI, and inferior MI was 0.83 (95% confidence interval, 0.70-0.97), 0.71 (0.47-0.94), and 0.98 (0.94-1.0), respectively (P = 0.022 for anterior vs inferior MI groups). In conclusion, the novel P-BSPM provides detailed information for cardiac electrical dynamics and is applicable to diagnosing OMI, especially inferior myocardial infarction.
Adult ; Aged ; Area Under Curve ; Body Surface Potential Mapping/instrumentation/*methods ; Bundle-Branch Block/diagnosis ; Electrocardiography ; Electrodes ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Myocardial Infarction/diagnosis ; Principal Component Analysis ; ROC Curve

No abstract available.
Carcinoid Tumor* ; Goblet Cells* ; Humans ; Neurofibromatoses* ; Neurofibromatosis 1* ; Rectum*

BACKGROUND: Although ganglionated plexi (GPs) are important in the pathogenesis of arrhythmia, their patterns of atrial innervation have remained unclear. We investigated patterns of GP innervation to cardiac atria and the neuroanatomical interconnections among GPs in an animal model. METHODS: Atrial innervation by GPs was evaluated in 10 mongrel dogs using a retrograde neuronal tracer (cholera toxin subunit B [CTB] conjugated with fluorescent dyes). In Experiment 1, CTB was injected into the atria. In Experiment 2, CTB was injected into the major GP, including the anterior right GP (ARGP), inferior right GP (IRGP), superior left GP (SLGP), and ligament of Marshall (LOM). After 7 days, the GPs were examined for the presence of tracer-positive neurons. RESULTS: GPs in either right or left-side were innervating to both the same and opposite sides of the atrium. In quantitative analysis, right-sided GPs, especially ARGP, showed numerical predominance in atrial innervation. Based on the proportion of CTB-labeled ganglion in each GP, atrial innervation by GPs showed a tendency of laterality. In Experiment 2, CTB that was injected to a particular GP widely distributed in different GP. ARGP projected the largest number of innervating neurons to the IRGP, SLGP and LOM. CONCLUSION: This study demonstrated that GPs project axons widely to both the same and opposite sides of atria. ARGP played a dominant role in atrial innervation. Furthermore, there were numerous neuroanatomical interconnections among GPs. These findings about neuronal innervation and interconnections of GPs could offer useful information for understanding intrinsic cardiac nervous system neuroanatomy.
Animals ; Arrhythmias, Cardiac ; Autonomic Nervous System ; Autonomic Pathways* ; Axons ; Dogs ; Ganglion Cysts ; Ligaments ; Models, Animal ; Nervous System ; Neuroanatomy ; Neurons