No abstract available.
Choledochal Cyst*

The primitive erythroblasts in 21 cases of embryonic hearts from 4 to 9 weeks of gestation were studied with a light microscope. The nuclear diameter, the motosis, and the loss of nuclei of the primitive erythoblasts were analyzed quantitatively. The results obtained were as follows. 1. At 4 weeks of gestation, the blood cells consisted of proerythroblasts, along with basophilic polychromatophilic primitive erythroblasts. The nuclear diameter ranged from 3.20 µm to 9.20 µm, but the main range was from 4.20 µm to 6.00 µm. It was revealed that 9.50% had diameter of more than 6 µm. 2. At the fist half of the 7 week gestation when hepatic hemopoiesis developed, the blood cells consisted of basophilic, polychromatophilic, and eosinophilic erythroblasts. Cells of more than 6 µm in nuclear diameter were about 1.10% and thereafter gradually disappeared. The range of the nuclear diameters was from 2.60 µm to 7.00 µm, while a range from 3.40 µm to 5.20 µm wqs the main. The proportion of cells less than 4 µm in nuclear diameter was 39.58% and thereafter rapidly increased. 3. From the second half of 7 weeks to 9 weeks of gestation, the erythrocytes originating from hepatic hemopoiesis increasingly replaced the circulating primitive erythroblasts, which became mature during this time. The erythrocytes showed 72.88% at 9 weeks of gestation. The proportions of cells less than 4 µm in nuclear diameter in the first and second haIves of 8 weeks and 9 weeks were 52.73%, 80.02%, and 89.09%, which represented the rapid destruction of nuclei. 4. Mitosis in the primitive erythroblasts occurred principally up to the early 6th weeks, and very weakly at 8 weeks. 5. As the crown-rump length increased, the average nuclear diameter decreased very significantly (P<0.01, y=-0.2811X + 0.3171). The results suggest that distrilbution of the nuclear diameter, the maturity, the rate of nuclear loss, and the mitotic figure offer credible data for estimating embryonic age.
Basophils ; Blood Cells ; Crown-Rump Length ; Embryonic Structures* ; Eosinophils ; Erythroblasts* ; Erythrocytes ; Heart ; Humans* ; Mitosis ; Pregnancy

STUDY OBJECTIVE: We evaluate the clinical characteristics and natural history of patients presenting with spontaneous pneumomediastinum (SPNM) . DESIGN: A retrospective case series was conducted to identify patients diagnosed with SPNM. ICD-7(J98.2) discharge codes were used for Jan. 1993 to Aug. 1996 at four institutions , and emergency department(ED) records and admission charts were reviewed. Clinical features, interventions, complications, setting, etiology, symptoms, and length of hospital stay were recorded. PARTICIPANTS: All ED patients more than 12 years old with a diagnosis of SPNM. RESULTS: Thirteen cases were identified. Age range was 14 to 58 years(mean 24 years). Presenting symptoms were chest pain in eight(62%), dyspnea in six(46%), both symptoms in three(23%), no complaints in three(23%). Seven(54%) patients complained only of throat discomfort. Seven(54%) had subcutaneous emphysema, and two(15.3%) had a small pneumothorax. Two(15.3%) were smokers. Three(23%) had normal esophagograms and another three had normal chest CT findings. Two cases(15.3%) were associated with inhalational drug use and three cases were due to exercise. Nine cases(69%) had a history of "Valsalva-type" maneuver. Two patients(15%) had a history of antituberculous treatment and one(7.7.%) had suffered from bronchial asthma. Mean hospital days were 7.3 days(range 3 to 14), none of all needed any intervention. Specifically, no patient developed a subsequent pneumothorax or airway compromise. Seven cases(54%) were received prophylactic antibiotics. CONCLUSION: Most simple SPNM cases are benign disease and most of them(78%) had shown typical chest pain, dyspnea and subcutaneous emphysema. Inhalational drug use is not a main cause of SPNM yet, but increase in use of bronchoinhalers is a suspicous cause of SPNM.
Anti-Bacterial Agents ; Asthma ; Chest Pain ; Child ; Diagnosis ; Dyspnea ; Emergencies ; Humans ; Length of Stay ; Mediastinal Emphysema* ; Natural History* ; Pharynx ; Pneumothorax ; Retrospective Studies ; Subcutaneous Emphysema ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed

The multiple lentigines syndrome or LEOPARD syndrome is an autosomal dominantly inherited disorder with a variety of abnormalities and a familial occurrence. This syndrome is characterized by the presence of numerous dark brown macules on the skin but not the mucous surface, and by a marked increase in the number of lentigines from birth to puberty. The eponym LEOPARD stands for lentigines, EKG abnormalities, ocular hypertelorism, pulmonary stenosis, abnormalities of the genitalia, retardation of growth and deafness. We report a case of multiple lentigines syndrome in 7-year-old boy. He had numerous pinhead to pea sized, dark brownish macules scattered on the entire body and also had pulmonary stenosis, EKG abnormality, ocular hypertelorism and right exotropia. Interestingly, he also had a labial melanotic macule on the lower lip, which is usually spared in the multiple lentigines syndrome. Histologically, the biopsy specimen taken from the macule revealed an elongation of rete ridges, an increase of melanin pigments in the basal layer and mild inflammatory infiltrates intermingled with the melanophages in the upper dermis.
Adolescent ; Biopsy ; Child ; Deafness ; Dermis ; Electrocardiography ; Eponyms ; Exotropia ; Genitalia ; Humans ; Hypertelorism ; Lentigo ; LEOPARD Syndrome* ; Lip ; Male ; Melanins ; Panthera ; Parturition ; Peas ; Puberty ; Pulmonary Valve Stenosis ; Skin

Traditionally the mast cell has been known to he a cell component dwells in annective tissue. But oocasional epithelial mast cells were presented both in light microscopic and electron microscapic examinations. This study was undertaken to evaluate the presence of mast ceil in epidermis of diseased skin. A total of 93 biopsy specimes obtained from the skin lesions of patients with various dermatological conditions were examined with light microacope after toluidine blue stain. The results are as follows: 1. Mast cells were shown in the epidermis of 2 patients with chronic eczema and one patient with pustular psoriasis. 2. Most of the epidermal mast cells were located in ar nearby the basal ceII layer. 3. Epidrmal mast cells have an oval or round nucleus and variable amounts of granulesin the cytoplasm. Some of the cells have a halo-like clear zone around them.
Biopsy ; Cellular Structures ; Cytoplasm ; Eczema ; Epidermis ; Humans ; Lichens* ; Mast Cells ; Psoriasis ; Skin* ; Tolonium Chloride

We studied 105 patients with trasmural myocardial infarction who were admitted to Soonchunhyang university hospital from 1984-1988, and evaluated the clinical and coronary angiographic findings accordin to the age. The following results were obtained: 1) Among 105 patients with myocardial infarction, the prevalent age were sixth and seventh decade(27.6%) and the ration of male to female was 2:1, But the raion of male to female was 5.3:1 under the 50 years of age. 2) In frequency of risk factor of coronarhy heart disease, cigarrette smoking was present in 66.7%, hypertensio in 44.8% and hypercholesterolemia in 28.6%. The mean number of risk factor was 1.3 under the 50 years of age and was 1.7 over the 50 years of age. 3) Anterior myocardial infarction was most common under 50 years of age whereas anterior and inferior myocardial infarction occur similarly over the 50 years of age. 4) By coronary angiography, one vessel disease of stenosis of left anterior descending coronary artery was common findings under 50 years of age, but multivessel disease was common findings over the 50 years of age.
Constriction, Pathologic ; Coronary Angiography ; Coronary Vessels ; Female ; Heart Diseases ; Humans ; Hypercholesterolemia ; Inferior Wall Myocardial Infarction ; Male ; Myocardial Infarction* ; Risk Factors ; Smoke ; Smoking

No abstract available.
Dermatitis, Atopic*

Epidermolytic keratosis palmaris is a rare disease which shows clinical findings of Unna Thost keratoderma and histopathologic of epidermolytic hyperkeratosis. We report herein a case of epidermolytic keratosis palmaris et plantaris in a 16-month-old female baby. Light microscopy shows marked hyperkeratosis, large irregular keratohyalin granules, and large clear spaces in the granular and upper spinous layers. Eletron microscopic findings shows that the clear spaces are areas of cytoplasm filled with a fibrillar material and cellular organelles. Abnormal clumping of tonofilament and keratohyalin is also present.
Cytoplasm ; Female ; Humans ; Hyperkeratosis, Epidermolytic ; Infant ; Intermediate Filaments ; Keratoderma, Palmoplantar* ; Keratosis* ; Microscopy ; Organelles ; Rare Diseases

Patient survival is one of the most important measures for the evaluation of progress in cancer patient care across the wide spectrum from diagnosis to treatment. The optimal monitoring method for cancer patient survival is to estimate survival based on representative data from cancer patients in the population, which is only achievable through using population-based cancer registration data. Relative survival is used to compare the survival experience in a study cohort that expected to result from background population mortality rates. This technique is useful when the cause of death is not accurate or not available, since it provides a measure of excess mortality in a group of patients with a certain disease. The purpose of this article is to demonstrate the procedures for estimating relative survival using the statistical software Stata. For this survival analysis to show the procedure, the example data set was randomly selected from the National Cancer Incidence Database, which was used in a recent article reporting the overall relative survival of cancer patients diagnosed during 1993-2002 in Korea.
Cause of Death ; Cohort Studies ; Dataset ; Diagnosis ; Humans ; Incidence ; Korea ; Mortality ; Patient Care ; Survival Analysis*

No abstract available.
Glomerulonephritis, IGA* ; Immunity, Cellular* ; Immunoglobulin A*