In order to compare mechanical stability of the Ilizarov external fixation methods for treatment of pilon fracture of the tibia, six human amputed tibiae were utilized to simulate Ruedi type I, II, and III fractures anatomically and non-anatomically reduced. Six fracture models which were either anatomically(3) or non-anatomically(3) reduced were first stailized by the Ilizarov construct composed of two tibial rings and foot assembly with connecting rods and ankle hinges and underwent axial load compression test using Instron. And then same tests were repeated on the models in which ankle hinges between the tibial rings and foot assembly were removed to examine biomechanical effect of the ankle hinges on the fracture stability. When the fracture model was fixed by the construct without ankle hinges, 720 N-780 N were required to disrupt fracture stability. When the fracture was non-anatomically reduced and was fixed by the construct without ankle hinges, 420 N-520 N were required to disrupt the fracture stability. The current study suggests that Ilizarov fixation system should have the construct composed of two tibial rings and foot assembly with connection rods and ankle hinges to prevent fracture destabilization during early ankle motion and weight-bearing in the tibial pilon fracture.
Ankle ; Foot ; Humans ; Methods ; Tibia ; Weight-Bearing

No abstract available.
Asthma* ; Humans ; Pneumocytes* ; Superoxides*

In the whole arm type of brachial plexus injury, the nerve grafting method give the best result. As it is impossible, however to operate the preganglionic whole arm type by interfascicular nerve graft, the treatment of this type of injury is difficult. In this lesion, neurotization may be the only useful method. To evaluate it's efficacy, 38 cases of multiple neurotization have been reviewed. The follow up period was on average 45 months(24 months to 76 months). The results are as follows: 1. Motor or sensory improvement of good or better results was observed in 27 nerves(29%) and that of better-than-fair results in 54 nerves(57%). 2. The best results were obtained in patients less than thirty year old and in the patients where the operation was performed within the first six months after injury(19 cases, 42%). 3. The use of spinal accessory, phrenic, intercostal and supraclavicular nerves, as a source of neurotization produced similar results. Phrenic nerve neurotization was performed without any significant respiratory difficulty. 4. The results of neurotization were analysed by Kim's method. Functional recovery of the upper extremity showed relatively poor results. 5. Out of the 25 patients who had developed a painful syndrome before neurotization, 19 cases(60%) showed improvement of the symptom. Multiple neurotization in preganglionic whole arm type of brachial plexus injury is of a little value in improving upper extremity function. Nerve neurotization can not always make a paralysed upper limb useful, because it is impossible to control the digits and intrinsic muscles in the hand and to restorate fine sensation by it. Nevertheless, functional recovery of the paralyzed upper limb, compared with no previous muscle contraction, encourages patients who have suffered serious brachial plexus injuries to start an active their life again.
Arm ; Brachial Plexus ; Follow-Up Studies ; Hand ; Humans ; Methods ; Muscle Contraction ; Muscles ; Nerve Transfer ; Phrenic Nerve ; Sensation ; Transplants ; Upper Extremity

We have experienced 7 cases of resurfacing prosthesis in comminuted patellar fracture in 5 patients, The follow up time was from 1 year and 6 months to 3 years and 6 months. The dome-shaped plastic patellar prosthesis was used after fracture healing. Each case was evaluated by Levitt's method of evaluation and we compared with patellectomy in “End results of patellectomy” reported by West, F. E. in 1962 in quadriceps power, range of motion, appearance and pain on the knee. The results were as follows: 1. By Levitt's method of evaluation, 6 cases were satisfactory, but 1 case was unsatisfactory. 2. The resurfacing prosthesis was better than patellectomy in quadriceps power, range of motion and appearance, but it was a little more painful.
Follow-Up Studies ; Fracture Healing ; Fractures, Comminuted ; Humans ; Knee ; Methods ; Patella ; Plastics ; Prostheses and Implants ; Range of Motion, Articular

Antihypertensive and beta-adrenoceptor blocking effect of long-acting propranolol were observed in the outpatient department, Department of Internal Medicine, National Medical Center during the period between December, 1981 and May, 1982. The clinical effects of long-acting propranolol were compared with those of conventional propranolol and following results were obtained. 1) Direct cross-over from conventional propranolol 20mg three times a day for several days to long-acting propranolol 160mg once daily was not accompanied by appreciable side effect and there was fairly good antihypertensive effect either in systolic or diastolic pressure. 2) Antihypertensive and bata-adrenoceptor blocking effect of long-acting propranolol 160mg once daily were comparable to those of conventional propranolol 40mg three or four times a day. The compliance of the patients to long-acting propranolol once daily was naturally better than that to conventional propranolol which must be taken three to four times daily. 3) In several cases of trial, the patients who tolerated the long-acting propranolol 160mg per day also well tolerated the regimen of long-acting propranolol 320mg per day, 4) The regimen of long-acting propranolol once daily was recommendable to those patients who were on beta-blocking agents for prolonged period of time for their indications such as hypertension and other chronic cardiovascular diseases, in view of the aspects of good patient compliance, good antihypertensive and beta-blocking effect.
Blood Pressure ; Cardiovascular Diseases ; Compliance ; Humans ; Hypertension ; Internal Medicine ; Outpatients ; Patient Compliance ; Propranolol*

Echocardiography was done with Ekoline 20 model of Smith Kline Instrument in 91 patients of mitral valvular heart disease, 46 with mitral stenosis, 10 with mitral insufficiency, 38 with mitral stenoinsufficinency and 115 normal controls. The results obtained are as follows. 1. Right ventricular dimension was 13.61+/-5.61 mm/sq m. in normal controls, 16.50+/-5.06mm/sq m. in mitral stenosis, 20.17+/-3.28mm/sq m. in mitral insufficiency, 18.61+/-8.48mm/sq m. in mitral stenoinsufficiency revealing significant increment in all mitral valvular disease groups but there was no significant difference btw. each disease groups. 2. Left ventricular end-diastolic dimensions was 29.83+/-7.06mm/sq m. in normal controls, 41.57+/-7.77mm/sq m. in mitral insufficinency, 38.48+/-10.22mm/sq m. in mitral stenoinsufficiency revealing significant increment but there was no significant difference btw. mitral stenosis and normal controls. 3. Left atrial dimension was 17.57+/-4.96mm/sq m. in normal controls, 33.22+/-5.32mm/sq m. in mitral stenosis, 35.96+/-7.35mm/sq m. in mitral insufficiency, 35.00+/-8.22 in mitral stenoinsufficiency revealing significnat increment in whole mitral valvular disease. 4. E-F slope was 90.76+/-30.20mm/sec in normal controls 18.08+/-10.3mm/sec in mitral stenosis, 29.52+/-19.3mm/sec in mitral stenoinsufficiency revealing marked decrement. In mitral insufficiency, it was 65.3+/-45.4mm/sec revealing significant decrement but not so severe as previous. 5. There was no significant difference between normal controls and mitral valvular disease in valve excursion. 6. Left atrial dimension to aortic root size was 1.13+/-0.31 in normal controls, 1.77+/-0.63 in mitral stenosis, 1.56+/-0.60 in mitral regurgitation and 1.82+/-0.56 in mitral stenoinsufficinecy revealing significant increment in whole mitral valvular heart disease.
Echocardiography* ; Heart Valve Diseases* ; Humans ; Mitral Valve Insufficiency ; Mitral Valve Stenosis

The results of treatment upon 56 cases of fracture of the patella, during the period from July 1975 to October 1978 at the department of orthopedic surgery, Soon Chun Hyang Medical College have been analysed. In sex distribution, 47 were male and 9 were female cases. The incidence was remarkably higher in male and the age group of 20-40. 2. 39 cases were fractured by direct force and 17 cases were indirect force. The most common cause of fracture was traffic accident. 3. The most common site of fracture was midpole and 27 cases were communited type. 4. Our methods of treatment were simple cast, circlege wire loop, tension band technique, partial and total and total patelletomy, etc. as indicated. 5, The mean duration of rehabilitation in the group of immobilized in 10 of flexion was shorter than that of full extension group.
Accidents, Traffic ; Female ; Humans ; Incidence ; Male ; Orthopedics ; Patella ; Rehabilitation ; Sex Distribution

No abstract available.
Female ; Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone* ; Humans* ; Immunohistochemistry* ; In Situ Hybridization* ; Ovary* ; RNA, Messenger*

No abstract available.
Drug Therapy*

No abstract available.
Animals ; Estrous Cycle* ; Mice* ; Pituitary Gland, Anterior* ; Prolactin*