PURPOSE: The study has planned to find out the perceived social support of the families with pneumoconiosis patients. METHOD: The subjects of the study were the 300 family care givers of the pneumoconiosis patients who were hospitalized in Taeback, Donghae and Jeongsun Occupational Medical Center. The Social Support Survey Instrument developed by Park(1985) was adopted. RESULTS: The Direct Perceived Supports showed statistically differences by the age(F=1.70 p=0.01) and the state of the disease(F=3.09 p=0.027) of the patients. The Health Situation Centered Support was different by the marietal situation(F=2.29 p=0.48) of the pneumoconiosis patients. The Indirect Perceived Supports were statistically different by sex(t=3.76 p=0.043) and relation with the patient (F=2.49 p=0.048), group joining(t=3.79 p=0.042) of the family care givers. The DPSs were statistically different by family income(F=2.25 p=0.025), family authority(F=2.81 p=0.031) and health insurance status(F=2.13 p=0.026). RECOMMENDATION: It is recommended to develop an active social support program at the pneumoconiosis care centers for the middle aged female family care givers of the pneumoconiosis patients with the support of Ministry of Labor, Ministry of Health and Welfare and other NGOs of pneumoconiosis.
Caregivers ; Female ; Gangwon-do ; Humans ; Insurance, Health ; Middle Aged ; Pneumoconiosis*

The propose of this study was to identify fatigue, pain and coping of pain and to compare the variables between fibromyalgia and chronic arthritis. The sample consisted of 133 patients who visited H university hospital. Data were collected by questionnaire from May 1 to September 30, 1999. Data was analyzed by descriptive statistics. chi-test. pearson correlation coefficient. and ANOVA. As a results, most of all patients felt fatigue and the mean score of the fatigue was above average. The mean score of rheumatoid arthritis and fibromyalgia patients on pain was higher than Osteoarthritis patients. and there was the statistically significant difference among three groups on pain(F=10.63. p=0.00). There was also the statistical difference among three groups on coping of pain(F=4.74, p=0.01). The mean score of rheumatoid arthritis and fibromyalgia patients on coping of pain was higher than Osteoarthritis patients. Fatigue showed positive relationship with pain(r= .262, p= .002). and pain showed positive relationship with coping of pain(r=.319. p=.000). According to this finding, fibromyalgia patients and rheumatoid arthritis patients felt high fatigue and pain, therefore the development of nursing intervention for relieving fatigue and pain would be needed.
Arthritis* ; Arthritis, Rheumatoid ; Fatigue* ; Fibromyalgia* ; Humans ; Nursing ; Osteoarthritis ; Surveys and Questionnaires

This study was designed to offer descriptive data for nursing intervention for relief of fatigue and pain, and to distinguish by the characteristic difference and the symptoms such as fatigue and pain on Ankylosing Spondylitis (AS), Fibromyalgia(FM), and Systemic Lupus Erythematosus(SLE) patients. The sample consisted of 92 patients(AS 29; FM 30; SLE 33) who visited H-University Rheumatism Hospital in Seoul. The data were collected by a structured questionnaire from May 1, 1999 to April 30, 2000. The results were as follows: Patients of 95% experienced fatigue in the last week and a fatigue score of three disease groups were above average. The fatigue score of FM patients was highest in the other disease, but which was not a statistically significant difference(F=1.417, p=.248). The mean score of AS and FM patients in pain was higher than the SLE patients, and there was the statistical significance among the three groups on pain (F=8.239, p=.001). There wasn't a statistical difference among three groups on coping wtih pain(F=1.451, p=.240). There wasn't any correlation between fatigue and pain in each disease (AS: r=.008, p=.966; FM: r=.328, p=.077; SLE: r=.237,p=.185). Therefore, morning stiffness and pain management during sleeping is needed through good body alignment in the AS patients. Adequate rest for fatigue and multiple coping strategies for pain maybe basic nursing intervention in FM and SLE. According to their fatigue rhythm, a regular exercise program is needed for rheumatic disease because they complained of fatigue above average and their fatigue was repeated better and worse only during the one week.
Fatigue* ; Fibromyalgia ; Humans ; Nursing ; Pain Management ; Rheumatic Diseases ; Seoul ; Spondylitis, Ankylosing ; Surveys and Questionnaires

The purpose of the study was to analyze the risk factors of school accidents. The study subjects were 408 students of a middle school in a municipal city. Among them, 204 students who met with an accident and received first-aid treatment in school health room at any time from March 2 to July 15, 1999, were selected as the school accident group. And the remaining 204 students were cases' matched control, who had never been experienced any school accident from elementary school days to July 15, 1999, For data collection, the structured questionnaire, and interview were adopted. The findings of this study were as below: There were significant differences personal and familial characteristics residential form(p=0.04); active disposition (p=0.02); impatient disposition(p=0.02); family environment(p=0.01); and father image(p=0.00), and the school life characteristics; achievement(p=0.00); observance of school order(p=0.00); school adjustment(p=0.00), the health characteristics; school health room(p=0.00); medical institute they usually used(p=0.00); sleeping hours(p=0.03); bath or shower(p=0.01); hand washing(p=0.04), and wearing glasses(p=0.02), and the characteristics of accident disposition; accident experience(p=0.00); the characteristics of accident disposition(p=0.00). Multiple logistic analysis were showed that religion, adaption to school life and school accomplishment were the significant predictors to school accident prevalence. To reduce school accident, accident-prevention program should be developed practically and concretely in consideration of student's personal characteristics. In addition, accident-prevention education should be implemented under the link between home and school, so that students could prevent accident for themselves.
Baths ; Case-Control Studies* ; Data Collection ; Education ; Fathers ; Hand ; Humans ; Prevalence ; Risk Factors* ; School Health Services ; Surveys and Questionnaires

No abstract available.
Humans ; Peripheral Nervous System Diseases* ; Pneumoconiosis*

Temporal lobe epilepsy is characterized by complex partial seizures with either primary intracranial neoplasms or other non-neoplastic lesions. We reviewed 64 cases of surgically resected temporal lobes and amygdalo-hippocampal regions for temporal lobe epilepsy ansed by non-neoplastic lesions to elucidate the incidence and histologic features of each histologic group for a period of 2 years. The patient's age ranged from 12 to 49 years and the ratio of male to female was 42:22. There were 37 cases(57.8%) with single pathology and an additional 20 cases(31.3%) with dual pathology. The emaining 7 cases(10.9%) had no structural alternations. The most common temporal lobe pathology was hippocampal sclerosis in 41 cases(64.1%), diagnosed alone in 21 cases and as dual lesions in 20 cases. The hippocampal neuron loss was most pro,omemt in CA1, followed by CA4, CA3, and CA2. Amygdaloid sclerosis was present in 28 cases(43.8%), lases had 13 dual lesions, 25 cases also had hippocampal sclerosis. The 20 dual lesions showed that 6 cortical dysplasia, 10 microdysgenesis, 1 chronic non-specific inflammatory lesion, and 3 cysticercosis were associated with the various degree of mesial temporal sclerosis. Neuronoglial malformative lesions were identified in 21 cases(32.8%) including 16 dual lesion cases, which composed of 15 microdysgenesis and 6 cortical dysplasia. Neurofilament immunostain for cortical dysplasia revealed abnormally beaded disarray of axons in dysplastic pyramidal cells. The remaining pathologic lesions observed were 1 cysticercosis, 1 chronic non-specific inflammatory lesion, 3 arteriovenous malformation, 2 fibrous nodule, and 1 fibrous adhesions of the arachnoid.
Female ; Male ; Humans ; Incidence

PURPOSE: The purpose of the study was to understand and explain the essences and structures of the experience of Korean women who have had a spinal cord injury. METHODS: The data were collected in 2010 through individual in-depth interviews using open-ended questions. A total of 9 women with spinal cord injuries participated in the study. Each interview lasted about 2 hours. Verbatim transcripts were analyzed using phenomenological analysis. RESULTS: Five theme clusters emerged from the analysis using Colaizzi's method: frozen mind with rigid body; shame due to restrictions of physical function and dependency; struggle to go back to the previous normal body; disabilities that are noticeable in everyday family life; rebirth by discarding the obsessions of the past. These theme clusters illustrate that although most participants faced very strange and unbearable situations in most aspects of life after the injury, they were empowered finally by finding their hope and by giving new meanings to the current existence. CONCLUSION: This study provides deep understanding of women with spinal cord injuries who are relatively alienated from society. Based on the results of the study, health professionals could develop effective nursing interventions to improve quality of life of these women.
Adaptation, Psychological ; Adult ; Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; Disabled Persons ; Family ; Female ; Humans ; Interviews as Topic ; Middle Aged ; Qualitative Research ; Quality of Life ; Questionnaires ; Republic of Korea ; Spinal Cord Injuries/*psychology ; Stress, Psychological

PURPOSE: This descriptive study was conducted to identify the level of knowledge of stroke symptoms and risk factors among older adults. METHODS: A total of 200 older adults over 65 years of age were conveniently recruited from out patient departments of two hospitals and a health care center from October to November 2008. The level of knowledge was assessed using both open-ended questions and a structured questionnaire based on semi-structured interviews. Data were analyzed by t-tests and ANOVA using the SPSS program. RESULTS: 52.5% of the sample had hypertension and 30% had diabetes. The mean knowledge scores for symptoms and risk factors were 8.4 +/- 3.1(out of 15) and 9.5 +/- 3.9 (out of 16), respectively. The older adults who had lower education, lower family income, and who lived in rural areas were more likely to have less knowledge of stroke symptom and risk factors(p < .05). There was no significant knowledge difference between the older adults who had at least one risk factor and those who had no risk factor for stroke. CONCLUSIONS: Educational intervention should be focused on informing older adults who are at risk for stroke about the early symptoms and management of risk factors, especially those who have low education and low social status.
Adult ; Delivery of Health Care ; Humans ; Hypertension ; Risk Factors ; Stroke ; Surveys and Questionnaires

PURPOSE: The purpose is to explore the illness experience of Korean women with breast cancer using feminist phenomenology. METHODS: Data were collected by individual in-depth interviews from ten women with total mastectomy. The data were analyzed using Colaizzi's method from feminist perspective to reveal implicit socio-cultural norms that oppress women with breast cancer. RESULTS: Two categories and seven major themes emerged: cancer-related experience (1) unfairness of having breast cancer; (2) being confined to the gaze of the others; patriarchy-related experience (3) hardness of being daughter-in-law; (4) struggling to keep on being good mother; (5) continued housework as duty; (6) recognizing self as precious wife, and (7) awakening of true self. All participants felt it was very unfair to get breast cancer because they had done their best for roles of mother, wife, and daughter-in-law. They struggled to free themselves from the social disgrace like the roles imposed by the patriarchal society. By awakening their true selves, they could manage a balance between other-oriented life and self-oriented life. CONCLUSION: Oncology nurses need to provide psychosocial support for women with breast cancer in finding their true selves in a traditional patriarchal society where women are oppressed and breast cancer is stigmatized.
Breast ; Breast Neoplasms ; Female ; Feminism ; Hardness ; Housekeeping ; Humans ; Life Change Events ; Mastectomy, Simple ; Mothers ; Qualitative Research ; Spouses

Based on the limitation of biomedical model of tinnitus, more attention has been paid to personalities or psychological aspects. Depressive disorder, anxiety disorder, and sleep disturbance were comorbid illnesses of tinnitus and research showed that neurobiological mechanisms such as dysfunction of limbic system or HPA axis were common in tinnitus and affective disorders and that comorbid psychiatric disorders enhanced the negative outcome of tinnitus. Recently, more attention is being paid to the relation of tinnitus with personality and the role of stress. Although the causal relation of personality and tinnitus is unclear, stress in itself showed that it can be a trigger in the development of tinnitus, and stress of tinnitus can cause adverse effects. Since the effect of fear-related cognition such as catastrophic thought about tinnitus was revealed more recently, its therapeutic implication should be explored. This review will describe the product of previous research and discuss future direction about psychological factors related to tinnitus.
Anxiety Disorders ; Cognition ; Depressive Disorder ; Limbic System ; Mood Disorders ; Psychology* ; Tinnitus*