No abstract available.
Humans ; Male* ; Penile Prosthesis*

No abstract available.
Humans ; Male* ; Penile Prosthesis*

No abstract available.
Erectile Dysfunction* ; Evoked Potentials, Somatosensory* ; Male

No abstract available.
Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Infant, Premature* ; Nephroma, Mesoblastic* ; Ultrasonography, Prenatal*

PURPOSE: Carbon monoxide (CO) is produced during the degradation of hemoglobin to heme (iron protoporphyrin) and present in various tissues including brain. CO is believed to activate soluble guanylate cyclase to exert its action on the smooth muscles. the effects of CO and its relationships to adrenergic or cholinergic mechanisms were studied using the isolated rabbit corpus cavernosal strips, and the effects of CO and NO were further investigated. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Using adult New Zealand rabbits, the corpus cavernosal strip was carefully prepared from rabbit penis and suspended in an 10ml organ bath containing Tyrode solution. When a stable tension level of the strip had been attained, drugs were added to the organ bath the change of motility of the strip was recorded on a computerized polygraph. RESULTS: The NO donor, sodium nitroprusside (SNP) and CO caused a dosedependent relaxation of the cavernosal strip of the rabbit penis. Pretreatment of SNP and CO had no effect on contraction induced by adrenergic drugs and the effects of SNP and CO was not affected by atropine. The relaxation effects of SNP were inhibited by NO scavenger pyrogallol, inhibitor of soluble guanylate cyclase 1H-[1,2,4] oxadiazolo[4,3-a] quinoxalin-1-one (ODQ) and methylene blue. The relaxation effects of CO were significantly inhibited by ODQ and methylene blue. the relaxation effects by acetylcholine were inhibited by NO synthase inhibitor L-nitroarginine methyl ester (NAME) and deendothelialization, but not affected by zinc protoporphyrin (ZnPP), the heme oxidase inhibitor. On the immunostaining of heme oxidase (HO) in corpus cavernosal smooth muscle strip, the positive staining for HO was observed in the perivascular nerve fibers. CONCLUSIONS: The relaxation effect of NO was confirmed, and CO exerts an endothelium dependent relaxing effect on the cavernosal strip of the rabbit penis similar to NO. This action is seem to be mediated by soluble guanylate cyclase, and the actions of CO is also mediated by similar guanylate cyclase system.
Acetylcholine ; Adrenergic Agents ; Adult ; Atropine ; Baths ; Brain ; Carbon Monoxide* ; Carbon* ; Endothelium ; Guanylate Cyclase ; Heme ; Humans ; Male ; Methylene Blue ; Muscle, Smooth ; Nerve Fibers ; Nitric Oxide ; Nitric Oxide Synthase ; Nitroprusside ; Oxidoreductases ; Penis ; Pyrogallol ; Rabbits ; Relaxation ; Tissue Donors ; Zinc

PURPOSE: Androgen plays an important role during penile development and is essential for a normal libido in the male, but its role in the regulation of the androgen receptor and maintenance of erectile response has been controversial. We investigated the effect of androgen on apoptosis, proliferation of the penile erectile tissue and androgen receptor after castration and temporary androgen replacement. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Male adult Sprague Dawley rats were divided into three groups; sham-operation, castration, and androgen replacement after castration. Androgens (testosterone, DHT) were administrated for 7 days at week 1, 2, 3, and 4 after castration. The weight of whole body and corpus cavernosum and serum testosterone concentration were measured. Androgen receptor expression, percentage of proliferating cells incorporating Ki-67(proliferative index) and percentage of apoptotic cells assessed by morphological analysis(apoptotic index, TUNEL) were analyzed in the penile erectile tissue. RESULTS: Castration induced a significant decrease in serum testosterone concentration from day 1 and a progressive decrease in the corpus cavernosal weight from day 14. Androgen receptor expression decreased after androgen depletion and was restored with androgen replacement. The proliferative and apoptotic index varied as follows after castration and androgen replacement: a significant increase was noted for apoptotic index with a decrease in the proliferative index and androgen receptor expression after castration. Replacement of testosterone propionate and DHT after castration decreased the apoptotic index with an increase in the proliferative index and the expression rate of androgen receptor. CONCLUSIONS: The penile erectile tissue of the adult rat was affected by the androgen milieu via the androgen receptor as seen by either cellular apoptosis or proliferation. Therefore, androgens such as testosterone and DHT play a direct role in the erectile function of the rat at the level of the penile erectile tissue.
Adult* ; Androgens ; Animals ; Apoptosis* ; Castration ; Humans ; Libido ; Male ; Rats* ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Receptors, Androgen* ; Testosterone ; Testosterone Propionate

During the period 1985-1989, 101 patients of urinary tuberculosis were treated at our hospital. Fifty-one of these patients were found to have obstructive dilatation of the urinary tract on pyelography. We reviewed these cases according to treatments for preservation of renal function. Twelve of these 51 cases were managed by chemotherapy only despite of the presence of obstructive dilatation. Eighteen of 51 cases required reconstructive treatment by partial nephrectomy (2), reimplantation of ureter into bladder (3), ileocystoplasty (2) and ileal conduit urinary diversion (1). In 24 of 51 cases, endourologic procedures were performed by stent indwelling (13), ureteral dilatation (7), endopyelotomy or endoinfundibulotomy (4). Seven cases had permanently a percutaneous nephrostomy to prevent further deterioration in renal function. In the cases that were managed only medically, 3(25.0%) improved, but, in reconstructive surgeries, improvement was noted in all cases and surgical morbidity was low. In 19 endourologic cases (79.2%), there has been a substantial improvement in renal function. Thus, in order to save more kidneys from destruction by tuberculosis despite of modern drug treatment, surgical or endourologic interventions are required when scar or stricture threatens to obstruct urinary flow.
Cicatrix ; Constriction, Pathologic ; Dilatation ; Drug Therapy ; Humans ; Kidney ; Nephrectomy ; Nephrostomy, Percutaneous ; Replantation ; Stents ; Tuberculosis* ; Ureter ; Urinary Bladder ; Urinary Diversion ; Urinary Tract ; Urography

Electrical ejaculation is widely used for semen collection in ejaculation failure patients with various causes including spinal cord injury. Semen collected by this method show sperm with low quality, and decrease in sperm motility is especially evident; multifactors are responsible but there are some reports that electrical current and increased temperature during electrical ejaculation are the cause. To confirm this theories, we observed the direct effect of variable electrical current and temperature to the motility of normal sperm in vitro. Semen analysis was performed after temperature was maintained at 37, 39, 41, and 43 `C for 10 minutes and electrical current at 5, 10, 15, 20 Volts for 3, 7, and 10 minutes. 1. Sperm motility change with temperature: The ratio of motile sperm decreased significantly (n=32, p<0.01) from 82.20, 70.12, 60.93, 48.87% as the temperature rose 37, 39, 41, 43 `C, respectively. Factors related to motility (distribution of progressive form and rapid velocity) decreased as well and the distribution of static velocity increased. However, additional semen analysis 20 minutes after rests were not significantly different in sperm motility before and after any temperature changes. 2. Sperm change with electrical energy: The motility of the sperm decreased significantly according to increasing volts and time, which showed a time-dependent and voltage-dependent decrease. The ratio of motile sperm decreased significantly to increasing volts and time and factors related to motility (distribution of progressive form and rapid velocity) also decreased. The distribution of static velocity increased. However, additional semen analysis 20 minutes after rests were not significantly different in sperm motility before and after inducing electrical energies. These data suggest that the effect of electrical current and temperature to sperm motility is temporary and that the low quality of sperm collected by electrical ejaculation in patients with ejaculation failure may not be due to the effect of electrical ejaculation but the various conditions of the patients themselves.
Ejaculation ; Hot Temperature ; Humans ; Male ; Semen ; Semen Analysis ; Sperm Motility* ; Spermatozoa* ; Spinal Cord Injuries

Malignant melanoma of female urethra and vulva is extremely rare and the prognosis remains poor inspite of several types of treatment. We experienced a case of malignant melanoma on urethra and vulva, which was managed by radical cystectomy and vulvectomy with bilateral groin lymphnode dissection. Adjuvant therapy for metastasis following lymphnode dissection with Interferon was done.
Cystectomy ; Female* ; Groin ; Humans ; Interferons ; Melanoma* ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Prognosis ; Urethra* ; Vulva*

Many physiologic studies have been carried out to identify the neurotransmitters involved in regulating the motility of the smooth muscle in the vas deferens, but the transmitter of a nonadrenergic and non-cholinergic inhibitory nerves has not been clearly identified. We investigated the role of nitric oxide in response to sympathetic motor activity in the rat vas deferens. 1. Nitroprusside and L-NAME had neither contractile nor relaxing effects directly. On the stabilized muscle strips of rat vas deferens, norepinephrine induced a phasic contraction for 10 seconds followed by the sustained tonic contraction. The phasic contraction of norepinephrine was increased by the pretreatment of nitroprusside(p>0.05) and decreased by LNAME(p<0.01). This tonic contraction was decreased dose-dependently by the pretreatment of nitroprusside(p<0.01), and increased by L-NAME(p<0.01). On the muscle strips of rat vas deferens, submaximally precontracted with norepinephrine, nitroprusside potentiated the contraction, followed by the delayed, sustained relaxation, which was blocked by L-NAME. 2. On the muscle strips of rat vas deferens, electrical field stimulation induced an initial phasic contraction for 2-3 seconds, followed by the tonic contraction, which was blocked by L-NAME dose-dependently. The phasic contraction of electrical field stimulation was increased by the pretreatment of nitroprusside(p>0.05) and decreased by L-NAME(p<0.01). This tonic contraction was decreased by the pretreatment of nitroprusside dose-dependently(p<0.01), and increased by L-NAME(.p<0.01). With these results, nitric oxide has the excitatory effect at the phasic contraction, and the inhibitory effect at the tonic contraction in response to sympathetic motor activity in the rat vas deferens partially.
Animals ; Motor Activity* ; Muscle, Smooth ; Neurotransmitter Agents ; NG-Nitroarginine Methyl Ester ; Nitric Oxide* ; Nitroprusside ; Norepinephrine ; Rats* ; Relaxation ; Vas Deferens*