No abstract available.
Tooth Root ; Mandible ; Periodontal Ligament ; Bone Screws ; Dental Implantation

In the present study, we investigated the effects of exhaustive exercise and recovery on inflammatory, pro-apoptotic, and anti-oxidative responses in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). Sixteen volunteers participated in a guided physical activity program in which they were subjected to progressive exercise on the treadmill until they were exhausted followed by an 1-hour recovery period. Isolated human PBMCs were collected before exercise, immediately after exercise, and after 1-hour recovery. Exhaustive exercise induced expression of heme oxygenase-1 and glutamate cysteine ligase catalytic subunit and activation of NF-κB and NF-E2 related factor 2 (Nrf2). Apoptosis, as measured by activity and cleavage of caspase-3 and its substrate PARP also significantly increased. However, induction of redox signaling and the pro-apoptotic response fully returned to the baseline level during the 1-hour recovery period. On the other hand, COX-2 expression was continuously elevated after exercise cessation throughout the 1-hour recovery period. Taking all these findings into account, we conclude that exhaustive exercise transiently induces Nrf2-mediated antioxidant gene expression and eliminates damaged cells through apoptosis as part of an adaptive cytoprotective response against oxidative and inflammatory stress.

Diagnostic urethral Pressure profile and uroflowmetry were performed on 10 cases and 3 cases respectively in benign enlargement of prostates who were admitted to Seoul National University Hospital, during the period from March, 1980 to July, 1980. The results of these studies were summarized as follows; 1. On 10 cases, mean endoscopic prostatic urethral length and mean functional urethral length (prostatic urethral length) in urethral pressure profile were 4.3cm and 4.8cm respectively, mean maximum urethral closing pressure was 70cm H20. These findings revealed that mean maximum urethral closing pressure was lower than normal value, mean functional urethral length was no difference from the normal value. (4.3 to 5.5cm) 2. On 3 cases, the results of uroflowmetry obtained as follows: mean maximum flow rate 11ml/sec, mean flow rate 7.0 ml/sec. 2 cases checked residual urine, 200ml and 70ml. 3. On 2 cases, the cystometric findings showed low value of first voiding sense (70ml and 60ml) and maximum bladder capacity (100ml and 80ml). It indicated the unstable bladder pattern which accompanied occasionally in benign enlargement of prostate. 4. The acceptance and adoption of urethral pressure profile and uroflowmetry in benign enlargement of prostate greatly facilitated understanding of urethral physiology and diagnostic accuracy in addition to rectal examination, excretory urography and endoscopy.
Endoscopy ; Physiology ; Prostate ; Prostatic Hyperplasia* ; Reference Values ; Seoul ; Urinary Bladder ; Urography

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to investigate the quality of life and related factors of CVA surgery patients. METHOD: The subjects were 64 CVA surgery patients who had discharged and received follow up care at the OPD. Data were collected using William's SS-QOL instrument and IADL. And Data were analyzed with SPSS WIN program in which frequency, percentage, t-test, Pearson's correlation and stepwise regression were used to examine the quality of life and related factors. RESULT: General characteristics related to QOL were marital status and economical status. Depression was the most important factor with influence on QOL in CVA disease patients after surgery. There were further positive correlation between patient's IADL and QOL and between patient's social support and QOL. Meanwhile the patient's depression level was negatively correlated with QOL. CONCLUSION: Depression was the most important factor with influence on QOL in CVA patients after surgery. Therefore active nursing intervention to decrease depression and to improve patient's physical functional status in needed. And the patient's family should be included in all nursing intervention and patient education so that the patient's quality of life is prompted by the maintenance of optimal wellbeing.
Depression ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Marital Status ; Nursing ; Patient Education as Topic ; Quality of Life*

BACKGROUND: The effect of spinal anesthesia with hyperbaric tetracaine and bupivacaine, with and without 1:1000 epinephrine were studied in 60 patients having perianal operation in the horizontal lithotomy position. METHODS: The 60 patients were divided into four groups(n=15 in each group). Patients in group I and II received 0.5% hyperbaric tetracaine 7 mg(1.4 ml) and normal saline 0.2 ml (group I) or epinephrine 0.2 mg (0.2 ml) (group II) and patients in group III and IV received 0.5% hyperbaric bupivacaine 7 mg (1.4 ml) and normal saline 0.2 ml (group III) or epinephrine 0.2 mg (0.2 ml) (group IV). After intrathecal injection, changes and durations of sensory block, motor block and anal tone block were checked. RESULTS: The sensory block level was similar in four groups and the duration of analgesia was significantly longer in bupivacaine groups (III and IV) than in tetracaine groups (I and II) (in turn, group IV, II, III and I). Tetracaine groups were earlier onset of motor block, a larger number of patients with motor block and significantly longer duration of motor block than bupivacaine groups (in turn, group II, I, IV and III). The onset of anal tone block was earlier in tetracaine groups as the onset of motor block, but the duration of anal tone block was significantly longer in bupivacaine groups as the duration of analgesia (in turn, group IV, II, III and I). Epinephrine 0.2 mg produced significant prolongation of durations of analgesia, motor block and anal tone block of the hyperbaric tetracaine and bupivacaine. Cardiovascular change was similar in four groups and most common complication in all groups after spinal anesthesia was urinary retention. CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that the hyperbaric tetracaine and bupivacaine are appropriate anesthetic agents for perianal surgery and epinephrine produce a significant prolongation of the postoperative analgesic duration in both anesthetic agents.
Analgesia ; Anesthesia, Spinal ; Anesthetics ; Bupivacaine* ; Epinephrine ; Humans ; Injections, Spinal ; Tetracaine* ; Urinary Retention

Thirteen patients with contracted bladder due to tuberculosis who underwent surgical intervention were evaluated The most common agonizing symptom was frequency. Surgical management included augmentation cystoplasty in 8 patients and urinary diversion in 5 patients. In augmentation cystoplasty, the overall success rate of 87.5 % has been achieved in view of relief of symptom, improvement of bladder capacity and preservation of renal function. For the success of augmentation cystoplasty, creatinine clearance higher than 30 ml/min., no abnormality in selected intestinal segment, absence of uninhibited detrusor contraction or detrusor-sphincter-dyssynergia and no bladder outlet obstruction are inevitable. As an alternative, urinary diversion should be considered only in cases of severely deteriorated renal function, severely decreased bladder capacity, bladder outlet obstruction, neurogenic bladder and inapplicability of augmentation cystoplasty.
Creatinine ; Felodipine ; Humans ; Tuberculosis* ; Urinary Bladder Neck Obstruction ; Urinary Bladder* ; Urinary Bladder, Neurogenic ; Urinary Diversion

The purpose of this study was to investigate the dietary intake, obesity index and psychosocial factors influencing obesity among 200 high school girls in Seoul. The Social Cognitive Theory provided the Conceptual basis for this study. A cross-sectional survey was conducted to examine factors related to obesity, including self-efficacy for controlling overeating, social support for eating behavior, perception of body image and weight control, nutrition knowledge, and attitudes toward obesity. The data were analyzed using t-test and multiple logistic regression. The results of this study are as follows : 1) The mean age of the girls was 16.4 years, and the rate of overweight and obesity(measured by obesity index) was 27.0%. 2) The mean energy intake of subjects was 1832.3+/-384.0kcal. The energy derived from carbohydrates, proteins and fats was 62.7%, 13.8%, and 23.5%, respectively. There was no significant difference between the obese and the comparison group in energy intake. 3) The result of multivariate analysis indicated that obesity had a significant relation to the perception of ideal body image, social support for eating behavior, and self-efficacy for controlling overeating(p<0.01). As subjects preferred thinner body images(OR=0.39) and received less social support(OR=0.93), the odds of being classified as obese increased. The odds of being obese were also associated with self-efficacy, however, the relation was not strong(OR=1.04). 4) Specific social support was related to obesity among adolescent girls. As subjects received more support from family member, the odds of being obese decreased. The emotional support as well as family member's positive nutrition behavior plays a significant role. In addition, instrumental support from friends was associated with obesity. With repect to self-efficacy, the odds of being obese were increased as subjects felt less confident in controlling overeating when tempting food was placed in front of them or after an argument. In contrast, the obese group felt more confident in controlling overeating for the rest of the specific situations examined. These findings suggest that educational interventions for weight control should incorporate strategies to help participants realize their degree of obesity, to reduce the discrepancy between current and ideal body image, to elicit and maintain social support from friends and family, and to increase the self-efficacy for changing eating behaviors.
Adolescent* ; Body Image ; Carbohydrates ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Energy Intake ; Fats ; Feeding Behavior ; Female* ; Friends ; Humans ; Hyperphagia ; Logistic Models ; Multivariate Analysis ; Obesity* ; Overweight ; Psychology* ; Seoul

Between 1973 and 1983, 64 patients were admitted for renal cell carcinoma at urologic department of S.N.U.H. Twenty four of 64 patients (37.5%) had metastatic disease. Thirteen patients (Group 1) had metastatic renal cell carcinoma on initial presentation and eleven patients (Group 2) had subsequent metastatic lesions after nephrectomy for pathologically early stage cancer. There were 19 men and 5 women ranging in age from 32 to 78 years with an average of 53 years. Average time from tumor presentation to appearance of metastatic lesions in these 11 patients was 11 months and ranged from 2 months to 58 months. The metastatic lesions were found in many different sites including ureter and bladder. Regardless to the method of treatment, most of the patients died within 2 years. The average survival time was longer in Group 2 than in Group 1.
Carcinoma, Renal Cell* ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Nephrectomy ; Ureter ; Urinary Bladder

The posterior chamber intraocular lens(PC-IOL) implantation is the most effective method for adult cataract. In children, however, its use and effectiveness are still being debatd. To investigate the effect of PC-IOL implantation in unilateral pediatric cataracts, we analysed the results of visual acuities and refractive powers, the presence of complications, and the differences according to the types of posterior capsulectomy in 16 eyes of 16 children who underwent PC-IOL implantation and amblyopia treatment for unilateral pediatric cataracts. Postoperatively, nine eyes(56.3%) showed an improvement of visual acuities more than two lines on Han`s visual acuity chart. Average difference between target which was adjusted to the fellow eye and postoperative refractive power is -0.68diopters after at least 8 months follow-up. Four eyes in which had an intact capsule after surgery or were underwent posterior capsulectomy developed after-cataract, but not in eyes underwent posterior capsulectomy and anterior vitrectomy simultaneously. In unilateral pediatric cataracts, PC-IOL implantation, posterior capsulectomy, and anterior vitrectomy may give a good result for visual rehabilitation but the follow-up is necessary to evaluate the long-term safety.
Adult ; Amblyopia ; Cataract* ; Child ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Lens Implantation, Intraocular* ; Lenses, Intraocular* ; Rehabilitation ; Visual Acuity ; Vitrectomy

The species Escherichia coli is a large and heterogeneous group of organisms which is the most common etiologic agent of urinary tract infections. There are some evidences that certain properties are found more commonly in strains from the patients with urinary tract infections than in those from normal feces and in enteropathogenic strains. Twenty eight strains of E. coli from acute pyelonephritis patients and twenty eight strains from a cute cystitis patients were examined for the abilities of adhesion to normal uroepitheliaI cells, hemagglutination, hemolysin production and resistance to the bactericidal effect of normal rabbit serum. For comparison, 20 strains from normal feces and 20 enteropathogenic strains were tested for these properties. The results were as follows; l. The strains from the patients with urinary tract infections adhered in significantly larger numbers to the epithelial cells than those from normal feces and enteropathogenic strains (p<0.0l). 2. The strains from the patients with urinary tract infections induced hemagglutination of human erythrocytes no more frequently than those from normal feces. 3. The strains from acute pyelonephritis patients more commonly produced hemolysin than those from normal feces and enteropathogenic strains. 4. The resistance to the bactericidal effect of normal rabbit serum was higher in the strains from the patients with urinary tract infections than in those from normal feces and enteropathogenic stains. 5. There was no significant mutual relationships among the properties of uroepithelial adhesion, hemaglutination, hemolysin production and serum resistance. From the results the abilities of adhesion to human uroepitheliaI cells, hemolysin production and resistance to the bactericidal effect of normal rabbit serum are supposed to be common properties of uropathogenic Escherichia coli and essential factors in the pathogenesis of urinary tract infections.
Coloring Agents ; Cystitis ; Epithelial Cells ; Erythrocytes ; Escherichia coli ; Feces ; Hemagglutination* ; Humans ; Pyelonephritis ; Urinary Tract Infections ; Uropathogenic Escherichia coli*