In search for animal model of systemic candidiasis, the authors attempted to infect the mice with Candida albicans (CUMD 23 and CUMD 25) isolated from human subjeets and study the mode of infection and pathogenesis. Swiss mice were inoculated with these organisrns either intravenously or intraperitoneally. After deterrnining the lethal doses of the pathogens at 30th day, another group of mice were inoculated with a sublethal dose. They were sacrificed weekly up to 4 weeks and the organs were examined mycologically and histopathologically. The results show that strain CUMD 23 is more virulent than CUMD 25. The most susceptible organ to C. albicans is the kidney followed by the peritoneum, mesentery and the pancreas. In the early lesion, C. atbicans generally show the spore form in the peritoneum, mesentery and the kidney when injected intraperitonea,lly but as time went by it rather took the hyphal form especially in the kidney. In the case of intravenous injection, the hyphal masses were seen in the kidney more quickly. With this result, it is suggested that the dissemination of C. albicans occurs easily in the latter and the spores reaching the kidney transform into hyphae which are not easily subjected to phagocytosis.
Animals ; Candida albicans* ; Candida* ; Candidiasis ; Humans ; Hyphae ; Injections, Intravenous ; Kidney ; Mesentery ; Mice* ; Models, Animal ; Pancreas ; Peritoneum ; Phagocytosis ; Spores

No abstract available.
Continuous Positive Airway Pressure* ; Ventilation*

BACKGROUND: The reference list is an important part of a scientific article. To be useful it must be accurate. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the accuracy of reference citations in the Korean Journal of Dermatology and the Annals of Dermatology. METHODS: We randomly selected 200 references (100 references from Korean language journals and 100 references from foreign language journals) from the Korean Journal of Dermatology and 100 references from the Annals of Dermatology and checked them against the .original articles. RESULTS: The overall rate of citation error was 32%, and errors in the title and author names of the citation were common, each occurring in about two fifths of the citation errors. CONCLUSION: This study shows that the rate of citation errors is unacceptably high in the Korean Journal of Dermatology and the Annals of Dermatology, which significantly diminishes the value of the reference list.
Dermatology*

No abstract available.
Follow-Up Studies* ; Intermittent Urethral Catheterization*

Many factors including social rejection, family problems, loss of educational opportunity, fear, prejudice and ignorance of leprosy compound the inherent psychological stress of leprosy. In light of these problems this present study was undertaken to evaluate the psychological status of leprosy patients. The subjects of the present study were 205 patients admitted to a hospital and 304 control people living in similar isolated areas to resettlement villages. A self report symptom inventory, SCL-90 (symptom check list-90) was used and the groups were analysed and compared by many factors. (countinued..)
Humans ; Leprosy* ; Prejudice ; Self Report ; Social Distance ; Stress, Psychological

A statistical observations were made on total 79 In-Patients in the departments of dermatology, Dongsan Presbyterian Hospital, Kyungpook National University and Fatima Hospital, Taegu, Korea during the period from Sept. 1, 1975 to August 31, 1976.
Daegu* ; Dermatology* ; Gyeongsangbuk-do* ; Korea* ; Protestantism*

No abstract available.
Lymphoma*

The air-borne fungi are usually considered to be as non-pathogenic and saprophytic organisms. However, those can be causative factors of certain allergic disease, and produce mycotoxic diseases such as caused by aflatoxin B1,or opportunistic infections, since various kinds of antitumor agents and adrenocorticosteroids have been introduced to therapeutics, and those who are affected some malignant tumors or metabolic anomalous diseases. As the first step toward. understanding and controlling the diseases, the studies on the population of air-borne fungi seem to be necessary. Authors studied the fluctuations of population of air-borne fungi at monthly intervals from June 1974 through May 1975 and at various times of the day at different places in th hospital, and the results obtained were as follows: 1. The identified fungi species and the percentage of colony counts of each species were Hormodendrum sp. (37. 2% ), Penicillium sp. (18. 8% ), Aspergillus sp, (17. 6 % ), Alternaria sp. (6.3 %), Mycelia sterila (2.6 %), Paecilomyces sp. (1.2 %) RhodO torula sp. (1. 1 % ), Oospora, sp. (0, 7 % ), Rhizopus sp. (0. 6 %. ), Geotrichum sp. (0.4%), Monilia sp. (0.4%), Mucor sp. (0.4%), Trichoderma sp. (0.4%.), Trichosporon sp. (0. 1%), Stemphylium sp. (0. 1 % ), Helminthosporium sp. (0. 1%) Gliocladium sp. (0. 1,: ), Saccharomyces sp. (0. 1 % ), Trichothecium sp. (0. 03 % ), and other unknown species(11. 6%) in decreasing order of frequency. 2. The monthly fluctuations of number of cultured colonies of four major airborne fungi (Hormodendrum, Penicillium. Aspergillus, and Alternaria) were 649 in June, 105 in July, 372 in August, 431 in September, 188 in October, 241 in November and 89 in December 1974, and 92 in January, 115 in February, 77 in March, 178 in April and 116 in May 1975. 3. It was suggested that there might be a relationship among the humidity, the temperature and the population of the air-borne fungi because the abrupt drop in July seemed to be related to high level of tbe,humidity (86.8%) and the temyerature (24. 3'C). And since the total number of colonies decreased markedly in December 1974 and Junuary 1975, it seemed to be closely related to cold weather temperature. 4. The number of cultured colonies at various times of the day did not show much fluctuation, except that Aspergillus sp. showed sudden tremendous increase at. one occasion, at 3: 00 P.M. on 15th of June and that gradual increase of Hormodendrum sp. was noted on another occasion from 12: 00 A.M. on 15th of September. 5. With regard to the locations of sampling, such as the operating room, laboratory, ward and out-patient department in the hospital, the difference in the identified. fungi species, the number of colony counts and the relationship with the humidity A the temperature was not evident. Authors reviewed relevant literatures and made discussions also.
Aflatoxins ; Alternaria ; Antineoplastic Agents ; Aspergillus ; Candida ; Cryptococcus ; Fungi* ; Geotrichum ; Gliocladium ; Helminthosporium ; Humans ; Humidity ; Mucor ; Operating Rooms ; Opportunistic Infections ; Outpatients ; Paecilomyces ; Penicillium ; Rhizopus ; Saccharomyces ; Trichoderma ; Trichosporon ; Weather

PURPOSE: It is reported that 65% of diabetic male patients over 60 of their age are impotent. However, there is no report concerning the effect of serum glucose control on erectile dysfunction in diabetic patient. This study was performed to evaluate the effects of serum glucose control on erectile dysfunction. MATERIALS AMD METHODS: The development of Diabetes mellitus was defined that the serum glucose level was above 200mg/dL in random test at 25 weeks. We designed the experimental specimen into 3 groups; group I: diabetic OLETF (Otsuka Long Evans Tokushima Fatty) rats without blood sugar control (n=10), group II: diabetic OLETF rats with blood sugar control with 4U insulin subcutaneous injection daily from 26 to 46 weeks (n=10), group III: diabetic OLETF rats with blood sugar control with 10U insulin subcutaneous injection daily from 26 to 46 weeks (n=10). We estimated the collagen content of penile tunica albuginea with the scanning electron microscopy and observed the endothelial layers of corpus cavernosum with the transmission electron microscopy in each group. RESULTS: The serum glucose level was 249 +/- 4.1mg/dL, 234 +/- 2.7mg/dL, 215 +/- 3.0mg/dL respectively in group I, II, III, and decreased in order of group II, III. The differences among groups were statistically significant (p<0.05). The thickness of collagen bundles of penile tunica albuginea was 0.98 +/- 0.1 micrometer, 0.94 +/- 0.3 micrometer, 0.92 +/- 0.1 micrometer respectively in group I, II, III, and decreased in order of group II, III. The differences among groups were statistically significant (p<0.05). The endothelial layers of corpus cavernosum were decreased in II, III. CONCLUSIONS: The serum glucose control in diabetic rats decreases the collagen con tents in penile tunica albuginea and the endothelial layers of corpus cavernosum.
Animals ; Blood Glucose* ; Collagen* ; Diabetes Mellitus ; Endothelium ; Erectile Dysfunction ; Humans ; Injections, Subcutaneous ; Insulin ; Male ; Microscopy, Electron, Scanning ; Microscopy, Electron, Transmission ; Rats* ; Rats, Inbred OLETF

Follow-up sonographic studies of three infants, whose initial sonograms showed findings suggestive of choledochal cyst, demonstrated disappearance of cystic dilatation of the common bile ducts. The phenomena could be accounted for by acute common bile duct obstruction secondary to bile sludge. Bile plug syndrome should also be included in the differencial diagnosis. When a cystic or fusiform dilatation of the common bile duct is seen on sonogram. Conservative management must be the choice of approach unless the finding is proven to unchanged over a period of time and irreversible.
Bile ; Choledochal Cyst ; Common Bile Duct* ; Diagnosis ; Dilatation* ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Infant* ; Sewage ; Ultrasonography