No abstract available.
Biological Clocks* ; Periodicity*

No abstract available.
Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders*

No abstract available.
Carcinoma, Basal Cell ; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell* ; Nevus*

To gain information on retrotransposons in the genome of Paragonimus westermani, PCR was carried out with degenerate primers, specific to protease and reverse transcriptase (rt) genes of long-terminal-repeat (LTR) retrotransposons. The PCR products were cloned and sequenced, after which 12 different retrotransposon-related sequences were isolated from the trematode genome. These showed various degrees of identity to the polyprotein of divergent retrotransposon families. A phylogenetic analysis demonstrated that these sequences could be classified into three different families of LTR retrotransposons, namely, Xena, Bel, and Gypsy families. Of these, two mRNA transcripts were detected by reverse transcriptase-PCR, showing that these two elements preserved their mobile activities. The genomic distributions of these two sequences were found to be highly repetitive. These results suggest that there are diverse retrotransposons including the ancient Xena family in the genome of P. westermani, which may have been involved in the evolution of the host genome.
Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Cloning, Molecular ; DNA, Helminth/analysis ; *Evolution, Molecular ; *Genome ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Paragonimus/*genetics ; Phylogeny ; RNA-Directed DNA Polymerase/chemistry/genetics ; Retroelements/*genetics ; Sequence Alignment ; Sequence Analysis, DNA ; Terminal Repeat Sequences/*genetics

The evolutionary course of the CsRn1 long-terminal-repeat (LTR) retrotransposon was predicted by conducting a phylogenetic analysis with its paralog LTR sequences. Based on the clustering patterns in the phylogenetic tree, multiple CsRn1 copies could be grouped into four subsets, which were shown to have different integration times. Their differential sequence divergences and heterogeneous integration patterns strongly suggested that these subsets appeared sequentially in the genome of C. sinensis. Members of recently expanding subset showed the lowest level of divergence in their LTR and reverse transcriptase gene sequences. They were also shown to be highly polymorphic among individual genomes of the trematode. The CsRn1 element exhibited a preference for repetitive, agenic chromosomal regions in terms of selecting integration targets. Our results suggested that CsRn1 might induce a considerable degree of intergenomic variation and, thereby, have influenced the evolution of the C. sinensis genome.
Animals ; Clonorchis sinensis/*genetics ; DNA, Helminth/analysis/genetics ; *Evolution, Molecular ; Gene Dosage ; *Genome ; Phylogeny ; Polymorphism, Genetic ; RNA-Directed DNA Polymerase ; Retroelements/*genetics ; Sequence Analysis, DNA ; Terminal Repeat Sequences/*genetics

No abstract available.

BACKGROUND: The histopathological findings of acute cutaneous graft-versus-host reaction are similar to that of erythema multiforme. OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to compare the histopathological findings of acute cutaneous graft-versus-host reactions with that of erythema multiforme. METHODS: Histopathological setions of 9 patients with grade 2 acute cutaneous graft-versus- host. reactions and of 13 patient,, with erythema multiforme were reviewed. RESULTS: Parakeratosis, the degree of the exocytosis and the endothelial cell swelling were not useful in the differential diagnosis between acute cutaneous graft-versus-host reactions and ery- thema multiforme. Rete ridge effacement and relative hyperkeratosis were characteristic in many cases of acute cutaneous graft-versus-host reactions but absent in erythema multiforme. Spongiosis, vacuolar degeneration of the basal cells, perivascular lymphocytic infiltration and erythrocyte extravasation were usually more prominent in erythema multiforme than in acute cutaneous graft-versus-host reactions. The number of dyskeratotic cells per epidermal linear mm was usually higher in erythema multiforme but not in acute cutaneous graft-versus-host reactions. An eosinophilic infiltrate was observed occasionally in erythema multiforme but not in acute cutaneous graft-versus-host reactions. CONCLUSION: The histopathological findings show the same pattern of interface dermatitis and are different only in degree beween acute cutaneous graft-versus-host reactions and eryt,hema multiforrne. Rete ridge effacement and relative hyperkeratosis speaks for a diagnosis of acute cutaneous graft-versus-host reactions, and an eosinophilic infiltrate for a diagnosis of erythema multiforme.
Dermatitis ; Diagnosis ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Endothelial Cells ; Eosinophils ; Erythema Multiforme* ; Erythema* ; Erythrocytes ; Exocytosis ; Humans ; Parakeratosis ; Transplants*

BACKGROUND: There are opinions that compared to typical basal cell epithelioma(BCE), basal. squamous cell epithelioma(BSCE) emerges as an entity capable of recurrence and is especially characterized by its ability to metastasize in white patients. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the biological behavior of BSCE in Korean patients. METHODS: The hospital charts and slides of 13 BSCE patients were reviewed. Telephone follow-up were conducted to determine the recurrence of the tumor. RESULTS: There were no significant clinical or histopathological differences apart from the squamous differentiation between BCE and BSCE. CONCLUSIONS: It is suggested that there may be an ethnic difference in the biological behavior of BSCE.
Carcinoma* ; Epithelial Cells* ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Recurrence ; Telephone

No abstract available.
Darier Disease* ; Lichens* ; Neurodermatitis*

No abstract available.
Nevus, Blue*